2006 AMC 12A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
Joe 的快餐店里,三明治每个 ,汽水每杯 。买 个三明治和 杯汽水一共要多少美元?
Sandwiches at Joe’s Fast Food cost each and sodas cost each. How many dollars will it cost to purchase sandwiches and sodas?
答案:A
小提示:
将每种单价乘以对应数量。
Multiply each price by its quantity
大提示:
总价是 。
The total is
解答:
五个三明治花费 美元,八杯汽水花费 美元。一共花费 美元。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Five sandwiches cost dollars and eight sodas cost dollars. Together they cost dollars.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
2.
3.
Mary 的年龄与 Alice 的年龄之比是 。Alice 岁。Mary 多少岁?
The ratio of Mary’s age to Alice’s age is Alice is years old. How old is Mary?
4.
一块电子表用 AM 和 PM 显示小时与分钟。显示中各数字之和最大可能是多少?
A digital watch displays hours and minutes with AM and PM. What is the largest possible sum of the digits in the display?
小提示:
分别让分钟数字和小时数字尽可能大。
Maximize the minutes digits and the hour digits separately
大提示:
分钟的两个数字和最多为 ;最好的小时是单个数字 。
The two minutes digits sum to at most the best hour is the single digit
解答:
分钟的两个数字和最多为 ,出现在 分。小时方面,单个数字 的数字和为 ,比任何两位数小时都大; 的数字和最多只有 。
最大总和为 ,出现在 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The two minutes digits sum to at most at minutes past the hour. For the hour, a single digit gives digit sum which beats any two-digit hour give at most
The largest total is occurring at
Thus, the correct answer is E.
5.
Doug 和 Dave 分一张有 片等大披萨。Doug 想要原味披萨,但 Dave 想要半张披萨加凤尾鱼。原味披萨价格为 ,半张加凤尾鱼需要额外 。Dave 吃了所有凤尾鱼披萨片和一片原味披萨。Doug 吃了剩下的部分。两人各自支付自己吃掉的部分。Dave 比 Doug 多付多少美元?
Doug and Dave shared a pizza with equally-sized slices. Doug wanted a plain pizza, but Dave wanted anchovies on half of the pizza. The cost of a plain pizza was and there was an additional cost of for putting anchovies on one half. Dave ate all the slices of anchovy pizza and one plain slice. Doug ate the remainder. Each then paid for what he had eaten. How many more dollars did Dave pay than Doug?
小提示:
原味披萨 有 片,所以每片原味披萨 。
The plain pizza is for slices, so each plain slice costs
大提示:
把 的凤尾鱼附加费分摊到 片凤尾鱼披萨上,再计算每个人的费用。
Spread the anchovy surcharge over the anchovy slices, then total each person’s cost
解答:
每片原味披萨花费 。 的凤尾鱼费用分摊到 片凤尾鱼披萨上,每片多 ,所以每片凤尾鱼披萨花费 。
Dave 吃了 片凤尾鱼披萨和 片原味披萨:。Doug 吃了剩下的 片原味披萨:。Dave 多付 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Each plain slice costs The anchovy charge is spread over the anchovy slices, adding each, so an anchovy slice costs
Dave ate anchovy slices and plain slice: Doug ate the remaining plain slices: Dave paid more.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
6.
如图, 的矩形 被切成两个全等的六边形,使这两个六边形可以无重叠地重新拼成一个正方形。 是多少?
The rectangle is cut into two congruent hexagons, as shown, in such a way that the two hexagons can be repositioned without overlap to form a square. What is
小提示:
两个六边形重新拼成面积为 的正方形。
The two hexagons reassemble into a square of area
大提示:
阶梯形切线把宽分成三个相等的水平部分,它们的和为 。
The staircase splits the width into three equal horizontal pieces that sum to
解答:
两个六边形组成一个面积为 的正方形,所以正方形边长为 。
阶梯形切线把宽分成三个长度为 的相等水平部分,它们合起来跨过整个宽度:,所以 。(两个竖直台阶各上升 ,形成正方形多出的高度。)
因此,正确答案是 A。
The two hexagons form a square of area so the square has side
The staircase cut splits the width into three equal horizontal pieces of length which together span the full width: so (The two vertical steps each rise building the extra height of the square.)
Thus, the correct answer is A.
7.
Mary 比 Sally 大 ,Sally 比 Danielle 小 。她们年龄之和是 岁。Mary 下一个生日时多少岁?
Mary is older than Sally, and Sally is younger than Danielle. The sum of their ages is years. How old will Mary be on her next birthday?
小提示:
设 Danielle 的年龄为 ,再用 表示 Sally 和 Mary 的年龄。
Let Danielle’s age be then express Sally’s and Mary’s ages in terms of
大提示:
Sally ,Mary ;三人年龄和为 。
Sally and Mary the ages sum to
解答:
设 Danielle 为 岁。那么 Sally 为 ,Mary 为 。
由 ,得 。所以 Mary 现在 岁,下一个生日时她将满 岁。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let Danielle be years old. Then Sally is and Mary is
The sum gives So Mary is years old, and on her next birthday she will be
Thus, the correct answer is B.
8.
有多少组两个或更多连续正整数的和为 ?
How many sets of two or more consecutive positive integers have a sum of
小提示:
一串 个连续整数的和等于 乘以它们的中间值。
A run of consecutive integers sums to times its middle value
大提示:
测试 ;超过 项时,最小可能和已经超过 。
Test beyond the smallest possible sum already exceeds
解答:
个连续整数的和等于 乘以它们的中位数。和为 : 给出 , 给出 , 给出 。
四个连续整数的和为偶数,而超过五项时已经超过 。所以共有 组。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The sum of consecutive integers equals times their median. For a sum of gives gives and gives
A run of four consecutive integers sums to an even number, and more than five terms already exceed So there are sets.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
9.
Oscar 用 买了 支铅笔和 块橡皮。一支铅笔比一块橡皮贵,且每件物品的价格都是整数美分。一支铅笔和一块橡皮的总价是多少美分?
Oscar buys pencils and erasers for A pencil costs more than an eraser, and both items cost a whole number of cents. What is the total cost, in cents, of one pencil and one eraser?
小提示:
分组为 组“一支铅笔加一块橡皮”,再加 支额外铅笔。
Group as sets of one pencil and one eraser, plus extra pencils
大提示:
若 是一支铅笔和一块橡皮的总价,则 ,所以 是 的倍数。
If is the cost of one pencil plus one eraser, then so is a multiple of
解答:
设 为一支铅笔的价格, 为一支铅笔加一块橡皮的总价,单位为美分。那么 所以 是 的倍数且小于 。因此 ,对应的 。
因为铅笔比橡皮贵,,只有 满足(铅笔 美分,橡皮 美分)。所以一支铅笔和一块橡皮共 美分。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let be a pencil’s cost and the cost of one pencil plus one eraser, in cents. Then so is a multiple of less than Hence with respectively.
Since a pencil costs more than an eraser, which holds only for (pencil eraser ). So one pencil and one eraser cost cents.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
10.
有多少个实数 使得 是整数?
For how many real values of is an integer?
小提示:
令 ,其中 为非负整数。
Set for a nonnegative integer
大提示:
需要 ,且每个有效的 给出不同的 。
Need and each valid gives a distinct
解答:
令 为整数。那么 ,且 ,所以 。
每个这样的 都给出 ,因而给出不同的 。共有 个值。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let be an integer. Then and so
Each such gives hence a distinct value That is values.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
11.
下列哪一项描述方程 的图形?
Which of the following describes the graph of the equation
空集
the empty set
一个点
one point
两条直线
two lines
一个圆
a circle
整个平面
the entire plane
12.
若干个相扣的环,每个厚 cm,挂在一个钉子上。最上面的环外径为 cm。其余每个环的外径都比上方的环小 cm。最下面的环外径为 cm。从最上面环的顶部到最下面环的底部的距离是多少 cm?
A number of linked rings, each cm thick, are hanging on a peg. The top ring has an outside diameter of cm. The outside diameter of each of the other rings is cm less than that of the ring above it. The bottom ring has an outside diameter of cm. What is the distance, in cm, from the top of the top ring to the bottom of the bottom ring?
小提示:
最上面的环跨越 cm;每个下面的环增加其外径减 的长度,因为有重叠。
The top ring spans cm; each lower ring adds its outside diameter minus for the overlap
大提示:
总长 。
Total
解答:
最上面的环跨越 cm。下面每个环与上方的环重叠 cm(两倍的 -cm 厚度),所以它增加的长度为外径减 。
下面各环外径为 ,贡献 。因此总距离为
因此,正确答案是 B。
The top ring spans cm. Each ring below overlaps the ring above by cm (twice the -cm thickness), so it adds its outside diameter minus
The lower rings have outside diameters contributing Thus the total distance is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
13.
如图,一个边长为 、、 的直角三角形,其三个顶点是三个两两外切圆的圆心。这些圆的面积之和是多少?
The vertices of a –– right triangle are the centers of three mutually externally tangent circles, as shown. What is the sum of the areas of these circles?
小提示:
相邻两个顶点处圆的半径之和等于它们之间的边长。
The radii at two adjacent vertices sum to the side length between them
大提示:
解 。
Solve
解答:
若 是三个顶点处圆的半径,则 。三式相加得 ,所以 。
面积之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
If are the radii at the vertices, then Adding all three gives so
The sum of the areas is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
14.
两位农民约定猪价值 ,山羊价值 。当一位农民欠另一位钱时,他用猪或山羊偿债,并可根据需要以山羊或猪的形式找零。(例如,一笔 的债可以用两头猪支付,并收到一只山羊作找零。)能用这种方式结清的最小正债务金额是多少?
Two farmers agree that pigs are worth and that goats are worth When one farmer owes the other money, he pays the debt in pigs or goats, with “change” received in the form of goats or pigs as necessary. (For example, a debt could be paid with two pigs, with one goat received in change.) What is the amount of the smallest positive debt that can be resolved in this way?
小提示:
可结清的债务形如 ,其中 为整数。
A resolvable debt has the form for integers
大提示:
每个这样的值都是 的倍数。
Every such value is a multiple of
解答:
债务 能结清当且仅当 ,其中 为整数。因此 是 的倍数,所以没有更小的正债务可行。
的债务可以做到,因为 ,即给出 只山羊并收到 头猪作为找零。
因此,正确答案是 C。
A debt is resolvable if and only if for integers Thus is a multiple of so no smaller positive debt works.
A debt of is achievable since i.e. give goats and receive pigs in change.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
15.
已知 且 。 的最小正值是多少?
Suppose and What is the smallest possible positive value of
答案:A
小提示:
表示 是 的奇数倍。
means is an odd multiple of
大提示:
表示 ;最小化 。
means minimize
解答:
因为 ,所以 。又因为 ,所以 。
在单位圆上, 的奇数倍与同余于 的角之间,最小正角距离为 。取 和 ,可达到此值,此时 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Since we have Since we have
On the unit circle, the smallest positive angular separation between an odd multiple of and an angle congruent to is It is attained by taking and which gives
Thus, the correct answer is A.
16.
圆心为 和 的两个圆半径分别为 和 ,一条公共内切线分别与两个圆交于 和 ,直线 与 交于 ,且 。 是多少?
Circles with centers and have radii and respectively. A common internal tangent intersects the circles at and respectively. Lines and intersect at and What is
17.
正方形 的边长为 ,以 为圆心的圆半径为 ,且 与 都是有理数。该圆经过 ,且 在 上。点 在圆上,并且与 在 的同侧。线段 与圆相切,且 。 是多少?
Square has side length a circle centered at has radius and and are both rational. The circle passes through and lies on Point lies on the circle, on the same side of as Segment is tangent to the circle, and What is
小提示:
切线长度满足 。
The tangent length satisfies
大提示:
将 放在原点;则 ,再比较有理部分和无理部分。
Place at the origin; then and match rational and irrational parts
解答:
设 ,,,,因此 在射线 上。
因为 是圆的切线,。计算 并化简,得到 。
因为 和 都是有理数,有理部分和无理部分分别相等:,。因此 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Set so that lies on ray
Since is tangent to the circle, Computing and simplifying gives
Because and are rational, the rational and irrational parts match: and Thus and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
18.
函数 具有如下性质:对其定义域中的每个实数 , 也在其定义域中,并且 那么 的定义域中可能包含的最大实数集合是什么?
The function has the property that for each real number in its domain, is also in its domain and What is the largest set of real numbers that can be in the domain of
小提示:
用 代替 得到第二个方程。
Substitute in place of to get a second equation
大提示:
比较两个方程会迫使 。
Comparing the two equations forces
解答:
用 替换 得 。与 合在一起,就要求 ,所以 。
这两个值都一致,其中 ,。因此最大可能定义域为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Replacing by gives Together with this requires so
Both values are consistent, with and So the largest possible domain is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
19.
圆心为 和 的两个圆半径分别为 和 ,两圆的一条公共外切线方程可写为 ,其中 。 是多少?
Circles with centers and have radii and respectively. The equation of a common external tangent to the circles can be written in the form with What is
小提示:
每个圆都与 -轴相切,所以 -轴是一条公共外切线。
Each circle is tangent to the -axis, so the -axis is one common external tangent
大提示:
两条外切线交于圆心连线所在直线,其斜率为 ;另一条切线斜率为 。
The two external tangents meet on the line through the centers, whose slope is the other tangent has slope
解答:
每个圆的半径等于其圆心的 -坐标,所以两圆都与 -轴相切,这条直线就是一条公共外切线。两条外切线交于圆心连线与 -轴的交点。
该直线斜率为 ,且过 , 与 -轴交于 。
另一条切线与 -轴所成的角为 ,所以其斜率为 因此 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Each circle’s radius equals its center’s -coordinate, so both are tangent to the -axis, which is a common external tangent. The two external tangents meet at the -intercept of the line through the centers.
That line has slope and passes through meeting the -axis at
The other tangent makes angle with the -axis, so its slope is Then
Thus, the correct answer is E.
20.
一只虫子从立方体的一个顶点出发,并按如下规则沿立方体的棱移动。在每个顶点,这只虫子会从该顶点发出的三条棱中选择一条前进。每条棱被选中的概率相等,且所有选择相互独立。七次移动后,这只虫子恰好访问每个顶点一次的概率是多少?
A bug starts at one vertex of a cube and moves along the edges of the cube according to the following rule. At each vertex the bug will choose to travel along one of the three edges emanating from that vertex. Each edge has equal probability of being chosen, and all choices are independent. What is the probability that after seven moves the bug will have visited every vertex exactly once?
小提示:
共有 条等可能的 -步路径;数出访问全部 个顶点的路径。
There are equally likely -move walks; count those visiting all vertices
大提示:
第一步有 种选择,第二步有 种选择,之后路径几乎被确定。
There are choices for the first move and for the second, after which the path is nearly forced
解答:
从起点出发共有 条等可能的 -步路径。考虑一条访问全部 个顶点的路径:第一步有 种选择,第二步有 种选择。
用三位二进制串给立方体的顶点编号。由对称性,固定前两步之后,可设前三个顶点依次为 。逐个分支检验可知,恰好只有以下三种走完全程的方式: 因此这样的路径共有 条。
概率为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
From the start there are equally likely -move walks. For a walk visiting all vertices, there are choices for the first move and for the second, since it cannot return to the starting vertex.
Label cube vertices by three-bit strings. By symmetry, after fixing those first two moves we may take the first three vertices to be A branch check gives exactly these three completions: Thus there are such walks.
The probability is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
21.
设
并且
的面积与 的面积之比是多少?
Let
and
What is the ratio of the area of to the area of
小提示:
对 将条件改写为 。
For rewrite the condition as
大提示:
配方得到圆盘,然后比较它们的半径平方。
Complete the square to get disks, then compare their squared radii
解答:
对 ,条件变为 ,即
这是两个圆盘, 的半径平方为 , 的半径平方为 。
对数要求 。对每个圆盘,其圆心到直线 的距离平方为 ,比半径平方恰好多 。所以两个圆盘都完全位于 内,改写不等式时没有加入额外点。面积之比为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
For the condition becomes i.e.
These are disks with squared radii for and for
The logarithms require For each disk, the squared distance from its center to the line is which is more than the squared radius. Hence both disks lie entirely in so no points were added when the inequalities were rewritten. The area ratio is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
22.
一个半径为 的圆与边长为 的正六边形同心,并且在正六边形外。若从圆上随机选一点,能看到正六边形的三个完整边的概率为 。 是多少?
A circle of radius is concentric with and outside a regular hexagon of side length The probability that three entire sides of the hexagon are visible from a randomly chosen point on the circle is What is
小提示:
只能看到两条完整边的那些互补圆弧合起来占半个圆;由对称性,每段这样的圆弧都是 。
The complementary arcs, from which only two whole sides are visible, total half the circle; by symmetry each measures
大提示:
中心到一条边的距离(边心距)是 ,且 。
The distance from the center to a side (the apothem) is and
解答:
把正六边形放在圆的中心。每个顶点都对应一段圆弧,从该弧上只能完整看到在此顶点相交的两条边。这六段全等圆弧组成补事件,其概率为 ,所以每段弧的度数为 。
取以圆心 到顶点 的射线为中心的那段弧,并设 为它的上端点。则 ,而在 处第三条边刚好开始可见,所以 位于该边所在的直线上。这条直线到 的距离为边心距 。
因此 ,所以
所以正确答案是 D。
Place the hexagon at the center of the circle. Corresponding to each vertex is an arc from which only the two sides meeting there are entirely visible. These six congruent arcs make up the complementary probability so each arc measures
Take the arc centered on the ray from the center through a vertex and let be its upper endpoint. Then and at a third side is just becoming visible, so lies on that side’s supporting line. Its distance from is the apothem
Hence giving
Thus, the correct answer is D.
23.
给定一个由 个实数组成的有限序列 ,令 为由 个实数组成的序列 定义 ,并且对每个满足 的整数 ,定义 。已知 ,且令 。若 ,那么 是多少?
Given a finite sequence of real numbers, let be the sequence of real numbers. Define and, for each integer define Suppose and let If then what is
小提示:
重复应用 会引入二项式系数; 只剩一个项。
Applying repeatedly introduces binomial coefficients; has a single term
大提示:
该项为 。
That term is
解答:
每次应用 都是在平均相邻项,所以 步后剩下的唯一一项为
将其设为 ,得 ,所以 。因为 ,得 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Each application of averages adjacent terms, so after steps the single remaining term is
Setting this equal to gives so Since we get
Thus, the correct answer is B.
24.
表达式
展开并合并同类项后,化简后的表达式中有多少项?
The expression
is simplified by expanding it and combining like terms. How many terms are in the simplified expression?
小提示:
单项式 只有在 为偶数时保留;奇数 的项会抵消。
A monomial survives only when is even; the odd- terms cancel
大提示:
对从 到 的每个偶数 数出 的可能取值。
For each even from to count the possible values of
解答:
单项式 只有在 为偶数时保留,因为 为奇数的项会在两个展开式之间抵消。
对每个满足 的偶数 ,指数 有 个取值,而 随后确定。对所有偶数 求和: 这是前 个正奇数之和,等于 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
A term survives only when is even, since terms with odd cancel between the two expansions.
For each even with the exponent ranges over values and is then determined. Summing over even the sum of the first odd positive integers, which is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
25.
有多少个非空子集 满足以下两个性质?
中没有两个连续整数。
若 含有 个元素,则 不含任何小于 的数。
How many non-empty subsets of have the following two properties?
No two consecutive integers belong to
If contains elements, then contains no number less than
小提示:
一个有效的 -元素集合是 中的一个 -子集,且没有两个连续元素。
A -element valid set is a -subset of with no two consecutive
大提示:
这样的集合与一个 -元素集合的 -子集一一对应,数量为 。
Such sets biject with -subsets of a -element set, counted by
解答:
由性质 ,一个有效的 -元素集合是 的一个 -子集,且没有两个连续元素。
将被选元素之间的间隔压缩后,这些集合与一个 -元素集合的 -子集一一对应,数量为 。只有 时该数非零,所以总数为
因此,正确答案是 E。
By property a valid -element set is a -subset of with no two consecutive elements.
Collapsing the gaps between chosen elements, these correspond bijectively to -subsets of a -element set, counted by This is nonzero only for so the total is
Thus, the correct answer is E.