2005 AMC 12B 第 23 题

先试着解答 2005 AMC 12B 第 23 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2005 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

设 SS 为所有满足 log⁡10(x+y)=z \log_{10}(x + y) = z 和 log⁡10(x2+y2)=z+1。 \log_{10}(x^2 + y^2) = z + 1\text{。} 的实数有序三元组 (x,y,z)(x, y, z) 的集合。存在实数 aa 和 bb,使得对 SS 中所有 (x,y,z)(x, y, z),都有 x3+y3=a⋅103z+b⋅102zx^3 + y^3 = a \cdot 10^{3z} + b \cdot 10^{2z}。a+ba + b 的值是多少?
Let SS be the set of ordered triples (x,y,z)(x, y, z) of real numbers for which log⁡10(x+y)=z \log_{10}(x + y) = z and log⁡10(x2+y2)=z+1. \log_{10}(x^2 + y^2) = z + 1. There are real numbers aa and bb such that for all ordered triples (x,y,z)(x, y, z) in SS we have x3+y3=a⋅103z+b⋅102z.x^3 + y^3 = a \cdot 10^{3z} + b \cdot 10^{2z}. What is the value of a+b?a + b?
152\dfrac{15}{2}
292\dfrac{29}{2}
1515
392\dfrac{39}{2}
2424
答案:B
知识点:立方和与立方差对数对称性(代数)
小提示:
把条件改写为 x+y=10zx + y = 10^z 和 x2+y2=10⋅10zx^2 + y^2 = 10 \cdot 10^z。
Rewrite the conditions as x+y=10zx + y = 10^z and x2+y2=10⋅10zx^2 + y^2 = 10 \cdot 10^z
大提示:
使用 x3+y3=(x+y)3−3xy(x+y)x^3 + y^3 = (x+y)^3 - 3xy(x+y),其中 xy=12[(x+y)2−(x2+y2)]xy = \tfrac12\left[(x+y)^2 - (x^2+y^2)\right]。
Use x3+y3=(x+y)3−3xy(x+y)x^3 + y^3 = (x+y)^3 - 3xy(x+y) with xy=12[(x+y)2−(x2+y2)]xy = \tfrac12\left[(x+y)^2 - (x^2+y^2)\right]
解答:
条件给出 x+y=10zx + y = 10^z 和 x2+y2=10⋅10zx^2 + y^2 = 10 \cdot 10^z。于是 2xy=(x+y)2−(x2+y2)=102z−10⋅10z, \begin{aligned} &2xy = (x+y)^2 - (x^2+y^2) \\ &= 10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 xy=12(102z−10⋅10z)xy = \dfrac12\left(10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z\right)。
使用 x3+y3x^3 + y^3 =(x+y)3−3xy(x+y)= (x+y)^3 - 3xy(x+y),得到 x3+y3=103z−32(102z−10⋅10z)10z=−12⋅103z+15⋅102z。 \begin{aligned} &x^3 + y^3 = 10^{3z} \\ &\quad {}- \dfrac32\left(10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z\right)10^z \\ &= -\dfrac12 \cdot 10^{3z} + 15 \cdot 10^{2z} \end{aligned}\text{。}
所以 a=−12a = -\dfrac12、b=15b = 15,从而 a+b=292a + b = \dfrac{29}{2}。这些系数是唯一确定的:令 z=0z=0,可得实数解 x,y=1±192x,y=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{19}}{2},其方程迫使 a+ba+b 仍取同一值。
所以正确答案是 B。
The conditions give x+y=10zx + y = 10^z and x2+y2=10⋅10z.x^2 + y^2 = 10 \cdot 10^z. Then 2xy=(x+y)2−(x2+y2)=102z−10⋅10z, \begin{aligned} &2xy = (x+y)^2 - (x^2+y^2) \\ &= 10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z, \end{aligned} so xy=12(102z−10⋅10z).xy = \dfrac12\left(10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z\right).
Using x3+y3x^3 + y^3 =(x+y)3−3xy(x+y),= (x+y)^3 - 3xy(x+y), x3+y3=103z−32(102z−10⋅10z)10z=−12⋅103z+15⋅102z. \begin{aligned} &x^3 + y^3 = 10^{3z} \\ &\quad {}- \dfrac32\left(10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z\right)10^z \\ &= -\dfrac12 \cdot 10^{3z} + 15 \cdot 10^{2z}. \end{aligned}
So a=−12a = -\dfrac12 and b=15,b = 15, giving a+b=292.a + b = \dfrac{29}{2}. These coefficients are determined: setting z=0z=0 gives real solutions x,y=1±192,x,y=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{19}}{2}, and their equation forces this same value of a+b.a+b.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
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