2005 AMC 12B 第 23 题

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23.

SS 为所有满足 和 的实数有序三元组 (x,y,z)(x, y, z) 的集合。存在实数 aabb,使得对 SS 中所有 (x,y,z)(x, y, z),都有 x3+y3=a103z+b102zx^3 + y^3 = a \cdot 10^{3z} + b \cdot 10^{2z}。求 a+ba + blog10(x+y)=z \log_{10}(x + y) = z log10(x2+y2)=z+1. \log_{10}(x^2 + y^2) = z + 1.

Let SS be the set of ordered triples (x,y,z)(x, y, z) of real numbers for which log10(x+y)=z \log_{10}(x + y) = z and log10(x2+y2)=z+1. \log_{10}(x^2 + y^2) = z + 1. There are real numbers aa and bb such that for all ordered triples (x,y,z)(x, y, z) in SS we have x3+y3=a103z+b102z.x^3 + y^3 = a \cdot 10^{3z} + b \cdot 10^{2z}. What is the value of a+b?a + b?

152\dfrac{15}{2}

292\dfrac{29}{2}

1515

392\dfrac{39}{2}

2424

答案:B
知识点:立方和与立方差对数对称性(代数)
难度评级:2110
解答:

条件给出 x+y=10zx + y = 10^zx2+y2=1010z.x^2 + y^2 = 10 \cdot 10^z. 于是 2xy=(x+y)2(x2+y2)=102z1010z, \begin{aligned} &2xy = (x+y)^2 - (x^2+y^2) \\ &= 10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z, \end{aligned} ,所以 xy=12(102z1010z).xy = \dfrac12\left(10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z\right).

使用 x3+y3x^3 + y^3 =(x+y)33xy(x+y),= (x+y)^3 - 3xy(x+y),得到 x3+y3=103z32(102z1010z)10z=12103z+15102z. \begin{aligned} &x^3 + y^3 = 10^{3z} \\ &\quad {}- \dfrac32\left(10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z\right)10^z \\ &= -\dfrac12 \cdot 10^{3z} + 15 \cdot 10^{2z}. \end{aligned}

所以 a=12a = -\dfrac12b=15,b = 15,从而 a+b=292.a + b = \dfrac{29}{2}. 这些系数是唯一确定的:令 z=0z=0,可得实数解 x,y=1±192,x,y=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{19}}{2},其方程迫使 a+b.a+b. 仍取同一值。

所以正确答案是 B

The conditions give x+y=10zx + y = 10^z and x2+y2=1010z.x^2 + y^2 = 10 \cdot 10^z. Then 2xy=(x+y)2(x2+y2)=102z1010z, \begin{aligned} &2xy = (x+y)^2 - (x^2+y^2) \\ &= 10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z, \end{aligned} so xy=12(102z1010z).xy = \dfrac12\left(10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z\right).

Using x3+y3x^3 + y^3 =(x+y)33xy(x+y),= (x+y)^3 - 3xy(x+y), x3+y3=103z32(102z1010z)10z=12103z+15102z. \begin{aligned} &x^3 + y^3 = 10^{3z} \\ &\quad {}- \dfrac32\left(10^{2z} - 10 \cdot 10^z\right)10^z \\ &= -\dfrac12 \cdot 10^{3z} + 15 \cdot 10^{2z}. \end{aligned}

So a=12a = -\dfrac12 and b=15,b = 15, giving a+b=292.a + b = \dfrac{29}{2}. These coefficients are determined: setting z=0z=0 gives real solutions x,y=1±192,x,y=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{19}}{2}, and their equation forces this same value of a+b.a+b.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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