2004 AMC 12A 第 18 题

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18.

正方形 ABCDABCD 的边长为 22。在正方形内部作以 AB\overline{AB} 为直径的半圆,从 CC 向该半圆作切线,切线与边 AD\overline{AD} 交于 EECE\overline{CE} 的长度是多少?

Square ABCDABCD has side length 2.2. A semicircle with diameter AB\overline{AB} is constructed inside the square, and the tangent to the semicircle from CC intersects side AD\overline{AD} at E.E. What is the length of CE?\overline{CE}?

2+52\dfrac{2 + \sqrt{5}}{2}

5\sqrt{5}

6\sqrt{6}

52\dfrac{5}{2}

555 - \sqrt{5}

答案:D
知识点:切线圆幂勾股定理
难度评级:1860
解答:

FFCECE 与半圆的切点。由于 CBCBCFCF 都是从 CC 作出的切线,所以 CF=CB=2CF = CB = 2。同理,令 x=AEx = AE,从 EE 作出的切线给出 EF=EA=xEF = EA = x

因此 CE=CF+FE=2+xCE = CF + FE = 2 + x。在直角三角形 CDECDE 中,CD=2CD = 2DE=2xDE = 2 - x,所以 (2x)2+22=(2+x)2. (2 - x)^2 + 2^2 = (2 + x)^2.

展开得 8x=48x = 4,所以 x=12x = \tfrac12,并且 CE=2+12=52CE = 2 + \tfrac12 = \tfrac52

所以正确答案是 D

Let FF be the point where CECE touches the semicircle. Since CBCB and CFCF are both tangents from C,C, we have CF=CB=2.CF = CB = 2. Similarly, with x=AE,x = AE, the tangents from EE give EF=EA=x.EF = EA = x.

Thus CE=CF+FE=2+x.CE = CF + FE = 2 + x. In right triangle CDE,CDE, where CD=2CD = 2 and DE=2x,DE = 2 - x, (2x)2+22=(2+x)2. (2 - x)^2 + 2^2 = (2 + x)^2.

Expanding gives 8x=4,8x = 4, so x=12x = \tfrac12 and CE=2+12=52.CE = 2 + \tfrac12 = \tfrac52.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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