2004 AMC 12A 真题

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1.

Alicia 每小时赚 $20\$20,其中 1.45%1.45\% 被扣除用于缴纳地方税。Alicia 每小时的工资中有多少美分用于缴纳地方税?

Alicia earns $20\$20 per hour, of which 1.45%1.45\% is deducted to pay local taxes. How many cents per hour of Alicia’s wages are used to pay local taxes?

0.00290.0029

0.0290.029

0.290.29

2.92.9

2929

答案:E
知识点:百分数单位换算
难度评级:840
小提示:

先把 $20\$20 换算成美分,再取百分比。

Convert $20\$20 into cents before taking the percentage

大提示:

$20=2000\$20 = 2000 美分,税额是它的 1.45%1.45\%

$20=2000\$20 = 2000 cents, and 1.45%1.45\% of that is the tax

解答:

因为 $20\$2020002000 美分,所以每小时的税额为 0.0145×2000=29 0.0145 \times 2000 = 29 美分。

所以正确答案是 E

Since $20\$20 is 20002000 cents, the tax is 0.0145×2000=29 0.0145 \times 2000 = 29 cents per hour.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

2.

在 AMC 1212 中,每道答对的题得 66 分,每道答错的题得 00 分,每道未作答的题得 2.52.5 分。如果 Charlyn 在 2525 道题中有 88 道未作答,那么剩下的题中她至少要答对多少道,才能得到至少 100100 分?

On the AMC 12,12, each correct answer is worth 66 points, each incorrect answer is worth 00 points, and each problem left unanswered is worth 2.52.5 points. If Charlyn leaves 88 of the 2525 problems unanswered, how many of the remaining problems must she answer correctly in order to score at least 100?100?

1111

1313

1414

1616

1717

答案:C
难度评级:1020
小提示:

88 道空题已经贡献 2.5×82.5 \times 8 分。

The 88 blanks already contribute 2.5×82.5 \times 8 points

大提示:

求每题 66 分的正确答案至少需要多少道,才能补足剩余分数。

Find the smallest number of correct answers whose 66 points each cover the remaining points

解答:

88 道未作答的题值 2.5×8=202.5 \times 8 = 20 分,所以 Charlyn 还需要从答对的题中得到至少 10020=80100 - 20 = 80 分。

每道答对的题值 66 分,而不小于 8080 的最小 66 的倍数是 84=6×1484 = 6 \times 14。所以她至少需要答对 1414 道题。

所以正确答案是 C

The 88 unanswered problems are worth 2.5×8=202.5 \times 8 = 20 points, so Charlyn needs at least 10020=80100 - 20 = 80 more points from correct answers.

Each correct answer is worth 66 points, and the smallest multiple of 66 that is at least 8080 is 84=6×14.84 = 6 \times 14. So she needs at least 1414 correct answers.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

3.

有多少个正整数有序对 (x,y)(x, y) 满足 x+2y=100x + 2y = 100

For how many ordered pairs of positive integers (x,y)(x, y) is x+2y=100?x + 2y = 100?

3333

4949

5050

9999

100100

答案:B
难度评级:1080
小提示:

yy 表示 xx

Solve for xx in terms of yy

大提示:

x=1002yx = 100 - 2y 必须为正数,这限制了正整数 yy 的最大值。

x=1002yx = 100 - 2y must be positive, which bounds how large the positive integer yy can be

解答:

写成 x=1002yx = 100 - 2y。当且仅当 yy 是满足 1y491 \le y \le 49 的正整数时,xx 才是正整数。

因此共有 4949 个有效有序对。

所以正确答案是 B

Writing x=1002y,x = 100 - 2y, the value of xx is a positive integer precisely when yy is a positive integer with 1y49.1 \le y \le 49.

This gives 4949 valid ordered pairs.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

4.

Bertha 有 66 个女儿,没有儿子。她的一些女儿各有 66 个女儿,其余女儿没有女儿。Bertha 一共有 3030 个女儿和外孙女,并且没有曾外孙女。Bertha 的女儿和外孙女中,有多少人没有女儿?

Bertha has 66 daughters and no sons. Some of her daughters have 66 daughters, and the rest have none. Bertha has a total of 3030 daughters and granddaughters, and no great-granddaughters. How many of Bertha’s daughters and granddaughters have no daughters?

2222

2323

2424

2525

2626

答案:E
知识点:基本计数
难度评级:1150
小提示:

先数外孙女,再确定有多少个女儿有孩子。

First count the granddaughters, then determine how many daughters have children

大提示:

每个有女儿的人都恰好有 66 个女儿。

Every woman with daughters has exactly 66 of them

解答:

Bertha 有 306=2430 - 6 = 24 个外孙女,她们都没有女儿。

这些外孙女是 Bertha 的 246=4\frac{24}{6} = 4 个女儿所生,所以恰好有 44 人有女儿。

因此没有女儿的人数是 304=2630 - 4 = 26

所以正确答案是 E

Bertha has 306=2430 - 6 = 24 granddaughters, none of whom have daughters.

These granddaughters are the children of 246=4\frac{24}{6} = 4 of Bertha’s daughters, so exactly 44 women have daughters.

Therefore the number of women with no daughters is 304=26.30 - 4 = 26.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

5.

直线 y=mx+by = mx + b 的图像如下。下列哪一项正确?

The graph of a line y=mx+by = mx + b is shown. Which of the following is true?

mb<1mb \lt -1

1<mb<0-1 \lt mb \lt 0

mb=0mb = 0

0<mb<10 \lt mb \lt 1

mb>1mb \gt 1

答案:B
知识点:斜率坐标几何
难度评级:1120
小提示:

分别读出斜率 mmyy 截距 bb 的符号与大小。

Read the sign and size of the slope mm and the yy-intercept bb separately

大提示:

mmbb 的绝对值都小于 11,但符号相反。

Both mm and bb have absolute value less than 1,1, but opposite signs

解答:

yy 截距在 0011 之间,所以 0<b<10 \lt b \lt 1

斜率为负且较平缓,在 1-100 之间,所以 1<m<0-1 \lt m \lt 0

因此乘积 mbmb 为负,且绝对值小于 11,从而得到 1<mb<0-1 \lt mb \lt 0

所以正确答案是 B

The yy-intercept of the line is between 00 and 1,1, so 0<b<1.0 \lt b \lt 1.

The slope is negative and shallow, between 1-1 and 0,0, so 1<m<0.-1 \lt m \lt 0.

The product mbmb is therefore negative with absolute value less than 1,1, giving 1<mb<0.-1 \lt mb \lt 0.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

6.

U=220042005U = 2 \cdot 2004^{2005}V=20042005V = 2004^{2005}W=200320042004W = 2003 \cdot 2004^{2004}X=220042004X = 2 \cdot 2004^{2004}Y=20042004Y = 2004^{2004},且 Z=20042003Z = 2004^{2003}。下列哪一个最大?

Let U=220042005,U = 2 \cdot 2004^{2005}, V=20042005,V = 2004^{2005}, W=200320042004,W = 2003 \cdot 2004^{2004}, X=220042004,X = 2 \cdot 2004^{2004}, Y=20042004Y = 2004^{2004} and Z=20042003.Z = 2004^{2003}. Which of the following is largest?

UVU - V

VWV - W

WXW - X

XYX - Y

YZY - Z

答案:A
知识点:因式分解指数
难度评级:1220
小提示:

将每个差因式分解,写成 20042004 的某个幂的倍数。

Factor each difference to write it as a multiple of a power of 20042004

大提示:

UV=20042005U - V = 2004^{2005} 而其他每一项都是较小的 200420042004^{2004} 的倍数。

UV=20042005,U - V = 2004^{2005}, while every other choice is a multiple of the smaller 200420042004^{2004}

解答:

逐个因式分解这些差:

UV=20042005U - V = 2004^{2005}VW=20042004V - W = 2004^{2004}WX=200120042004W - X = 2001 \cdot 2004^{2004}XY=20042004X - Y = 2004^{2004},且 YZ=200320042003Y - Z = 2003 \cdot 2004^{2003}

因为 20042005=2004200420042004^{2005} = 2004 \cdot 2004^{2004} 大于其他各项,而其他各项都达不到 200420052004^{2005},所以 UVU - V 最大。

所以正确答案是 A

Compute each difference by factoring:

UV=20042005,U - V = 2004^{2005}, VW=20042004,V - W = 2004^{2004}, WX=200120042004,W - X = 2001 \cdot 2004^{2004}, XY=20042004,X - Y = 2004^{2004}, and YZ=200320042003.Y - Z = 2003 \cdot 2004^{2003}.

Since 20042005=2004200420042004^{2005} = 2004 \cdot 2004^{2004} exceeds each of the others, none of which reaches 20042005,2004^{2005}, the difference UVU - V is the largest.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

7.

一个游戏按照以下规则使用筹码。每一轮中,筹码最多的玩家给其他每个玩家各一个筹码,并且还把一个筹码放入弃置堆。当某个玩家没有筹码时,游戏结束。玩家 AABBCC 分别以 151514141313 个筹码开始。这个游戏会进行多少轮?

A game is played with tokens according to the following rule. In each round, the player with the most tokens gives one token to each of the other players and also places one token into a discard pile. The game ends when some player runs out of tokens. Players A,A, B,B, and CC start with 15,15, 14,14, and 1313 tokens, respectively. How many rounds will there be in the game?

3636

3737

3838

3939

4040

答案:B
难度评级:1390
小提示:

追踪完整三轮循环中的筹码数。

Track the token counts over one full cycle of three rounds

大提示:

每三轮每个玩家都恰好少一个筹码,所以找出领先者何时变为 00

Every three rounds each player loses exactly one token, so find when the leader hits 00

解答:

三轮后,玩家 AABBCC 分别有 141413131212 个筹码。之后每三轮都会使每个玩家的筹码数减少一个。

经过 3636 轮后,他们分别有 332211 个筹码;第 3737 轮中,玩家 AA 把自己的三个筹码全部给出并放入弃置堆后归零,游戏结束。

所以正确答案是 B

After three rounds the players A,A, B,B, and CC have 14,14, 13,13, and 1212 tokens, respectively. Every subsequent three rounds reduces each player’s supply by one token.

After 3636 rounds they have 3,3, 2,2, and 11 tokens. In the 3737th round player A,A, who has the most, gives away all three of their tokens and runs out, ending the game.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

8.

如图,EAB\angle EABABC\angle ABC 是直角,AB=4AB = 4BC=6BC = 6AE=8AE = 8,且 AC\overline{AC}BE\overline{BE} 交于 DDADE\triangle ADEBDC\triangle BDC 的面积之差是多少?

In the figure, EAB\angle EAB and ABC\angle ABC are right angles, AB=4,AB = 4, BC=6,BC = 6, AE=8,AE = 8, and AC\overline{AC} and BE\overline{BE} intersect at D.D. What is the difference between the areas of ADE\triangle ADE and BDC?\triangle BDC?

22

44

55

88

99

答案:B
难度评级:1370
小提示:

给这两个三角形都加上公共的 ABD\triangle ABD

Add the shared triangle ABD\triangle ABD to each of the two triangles

大提示:

这个差等于 [ABE][ABC][\triangle ABE] - [\triangle ABC]

The difference equals [ABE][ABC][\triangle ABE] - [\triangle ABC]

解答:

ADE\triangle ADEBDC\triangle BDC,和 ABD\triangle ABD 的面积分别为 xxyy,和 zz

ABE\triangle ABE 的面积为 1248=16=x+z\tfrac12 \cdot 4 \cdot 8 = 16 = x + z,而 ABC\triangle ABC 的面积为 1246=12=y+z\tfrac12 \cdot 4 \cdot 6 = 12 = y + z

所求差为 xy=(x+z)(y+z)=1612=4 \begin{aligned} x - y &= (x + z) - (y + z) \\ &= 16 - 12 = 4 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

Let x,x, y,y, and zz be the areas of ADE,\triangle ADE, BDC,\triangle BDC, and ABD,\triangle ABD, respectively.

Then ABE\triangle ABE has area 1248=16=x+z,\tfrac12 \cdot 4 \cdot 8 = 16 = x + z, and ABC\triangle ABC has area 1246=12=y+z.\tfrac12 \cdot 4 \cdot 6 = 12 = y + z.

The requested difference is xy=(x+z)(y+z)=1612=4. \begin{aligned} x - y &= (x + z) - (y + z) \\ &= 16 - 12 = 4. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

9.

一家公司用圆柱形罐子销售花生酱。市场研究表明,使用更宽的罐子会增加销量。如果罐子的直径增加 25%25\%,但体积不变,那么高度必须减少百分之多少?

A company sells peanut butter in cylindrical jars. Marketing research suggests that using wider jars will increase sales. If the diameter of the jars is increased by 25%25\% without altering the volume, by what percent must the height be decreased?

1010

2525

3636

5050

6060

答案:C
难度评级:1310
小提示:

底面积按直径的平方缩放。

The base area scales with the square of the diameter

大提示:

直径乘以 54\tfrac54 会使底面积乘以 (54)2\left(\tfrac54\right)^2

Multiplying the diameter by 54\tfrac54 multiplies the base area by (54)2\left(\tfrac54\right)^2

解答:

直径乘以 54\tfrac54 会使底面积乘以 (54)2=2516\left(\tfrac54\right)^2 = \tfrac{25}{16}

为保持体积不变,高度必须乘以 1625=0.64\tfrac{16}{25} = 0.64,也就是减少 10.64=0.361 - 0.64 = 0.36,即 36%36\%

所以正确答案是 C

Multiplying the diameter by 54\tfrac54 multiplies the base area by (54)2=2516.\left(\tfrac54\right)^2 = \tfrac{25}{16}.

To keep the volume fixed, the height must be multiplied by 1625=0.64.\tfrac{16}{25} = 0.64. That is a decrease of 10.64=0.36,1 - 0.64 = 0.36, or 36%.36\%.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

10.

4949 个连续整数的和为 757^5。它们的中位数是多少?

The sum of 4949 consecutive integers is 75.7^5. What is their median?

77

727^2

737^3

747^4

757^5

答案:C
难度评级:1370
小提示:

对连续整数来说,中位数等于平均数。

For consecutive integers the median equals the mean

大提示:

中位数是总和除以项数,即 7549\dfrac{7^5}{49}

The median is the sum divided by the number of terms, 7549\dfrac{7^5}{49}

解答:

一组连续整数的和等于项数乘以平均数,而对连续整数来说,平均数等于中位数。

所以中位数为 7549=7572=73=343 \dfrac{7^5}{49} = \dfrac{7^5}{7^2} = 7^3 = 343\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

The sum of a set of consecutive integers equals the number of terms times their mean, and for consecutive integers the mean equals the median.

So the median is 7549=7572=73=343. \dfrac{7^5}{49} = \dfrac{7^5}{7^2} = 7^3 = 343.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

11.

Paula 钱包中所有一美分、五美分、十美分和二十五美分硬币的平均币值是 2020 美分。如果她再有一枚二十五美分硬币,平均币值会变成 2121 美分。她的钱包中有多少枚十美分硬币?

The average value of all the pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters in Paula’s purse is 2020 cents. If she had one more quarter, the average value would be 2121 cents. How many dimes does she have in her purse?

00

11

22

33

44

答案:A
难度评级:1420
小提示:

nn 为当前硬币数,并用两种方式写出加入一枚二十五美分硬币后的总币值

Let nn be the current number of coins and write the total value two ways after adding a quarter

大提示:

20n+25=21(n+1)20n + 25 = 21(n + 1) 求出 nn,再判断哪些硬币合计 20n20n 美分。

Solve 20n+25=21(n+1)20n + 25 = 21(n + 1) for n,n, then figure out which coins total 20n20n cents

解答:

如果 Paula 有 nn 枚硬币,它们的总币值是 20n20n 美分。再加入一枚二十五美分硬币后共有 n+1n + 1 枚硬币,总币值为 20n+2520n + 25 美分,而它也必须等于 21(n+1)21(n + 1) 美分。

因此 20n+25=21(n+1)20n + 25 = 21(n + 1),解得 n=4n = 4

这四枚硬币合计 8080 美分,只能是三枚二十五美分硬币和一枚五美分硬币,所以十美分硬币的数量为 00

所以正确答案是 A

If Paula has nn coins, their total value is 20n20n cents. Adding a quarter gives n+1n + 1 coins worth 20n+2520n + 25 cents, which must also equal 21(n+1)21(n + 1) cents.

So 20n+25=21(n+1),20n + 25 = 21(n + 1), giving n=4.n = 4.

Four coins totalling 8080 cents must be three quarters and one nickel, so the number of dimes is 0.0.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

12.

A=(0,9)A = (0, 9)B=(0,12)B = (0, 12)。点 AA'BB' 在直线 y=xy = x 上,并且 AA\overline{AA'}BB\overline{BB'} 交于 C=(2,8)C = (2, 8)AB\overline{A'B'} 的长度是多少?

Let A=(0,9)A = (0, 9) and B=(0,12).B = (0, 12). Points AA' and BB' are on the line y=x,y = x, and AA\overline{AA'} and BB\overline{BB'} intersect at C=(2,8).C = (2, 8). What is the length of AB?\overline{A'B'}?

22

222\sqrt{2}

33

2+22 + \sqrt{2}

323\sqrt{2}

答案:B
难度评级:1480
小提示:

求出直线 ACACBCBC 的方程,再分别与 y=xy = x 相交。

Find the equations of lines ACAC and BC,BC, then intersect each with y=xy = x

大提示:

AA'BB' 都在 y=xy = x 上,所以各自的两个坐标相等。

AA' and BB' both lie on y=x,y = x, so each has equal coordinates

解答:

直线 ACAC 经过 (0,9)(0, 9),斜率为 8920=12\tfrac{8 - 9}{2 - 0} = -\tfrac12,所以方程是 y=12x+9y = -\tfrac12 x + 9。令 y=xy = x,得到 A=(6,6)A' = (6, 6)

直线 BCBC 经过 (0,12)(0, 12),斜率为 2-2,所以方程是 y=2x+12y = -2x + 12。令 y=xy = x,得到 B=(4,4)B' = (4, 4)

因此 AB=(64)2+(64)2=22 \begin{aligned} A'B' &= \sqrt{(6 - 4)^2 + (6 - 4)^2} \\ &= 2\sqrt{2} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

Line ACAC passes through (0,9)(0, 9) with slope 8920=12,\tfrac{8 - 9}{2 - 0} = -\tfrac12, so its equation is y=12x+9.y = -\tfrac12 x + 9. Setting y=xy = x gives A=(6,6).A' = (6, 6).

Line BCBC passes through (0,12)(0, 12) with slope 2,-2, so y=2x+12.y = -2x + 12. Setting y=xy = x gives B=(4,4).B' = (4, 4).

Then AB=(64)2+(64)2=22. \begin{aligned} A'B' &= \sqrt{(6 - 4)^2 + (6 - 4)^2} \\ &= 2\sqrt{2}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

13.

SS 为坐标平面中的点集 (a,b)(a, b),其中 aabb 都可以是 1-100,或 11。有多少条不同的直线至少经过 SS 中的两个点?

Let SS be the set of points (a,b)(a, b) in the coordinate plane, where each of aa and bb may be 1,-1, 0,0, or 1.1. How many distinct lines pass through at least two members of S?S?

88

2020

2424

2727

3636

答案:B
知识点:格点组合
难度评级:1540
小提示:

(92)\binom{9}{2} 对点开始,每一对点确定一条直线。

Start from the (92)\binom{9}{2} pairs of points, each of which determines a line

大提示:

有些直线经过三个共线点,因此被计数了 (32)=3\binom{3}{2} = 3 次。

Some lines pass through three collinear points and get counted (32)=3\binom{3}{2} = 3 times

解答:

共有 (92)=36\binom{9}{2} = 36 对点,每一对点确定一条直线。

但是有三条水平线、三条竖直线和两条对角线各经过 SS 中的 33 个共线点,因此每条这样的直线被多算 22 次。

这样的直线共有 88 条,所以不同直线的数量为 3628=2036 - 2 \cdot 8 = 20

所以正确答案是 B

There are (92)=36\binom{9}{2} = 36 pairs of points, and each pair determines a line.

However, there are three horizontal, three vertical, and two diagonal lines that each pass through three collinear points of S.S. Each such line is counted 33 times, an overcount of 22 per line.

With 88 such lines, the number of distinct lines is 3628=20.36 - 2 \cdot 8 = 20.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

14.

三个实数组成的数列是等差数列,首项为 99。如果给第二项加上 22,给第三项加上 2020 得到的三个数构成等比数列。这个等比数列第三项的最小可能值是多少?

A sequence of three real numbers forms an arithmetic progression with a first term of 9.9. If 22 is added to the second term and 2020 is added to the third term, the three resulting numbers form a geometric progression. What is the smallest possible value for the third term of the geometric progression?

11

44

3636

4949

8181

答案:A
难度评级:1630
小提示:

将等差数列写成 999+d9 + d9+2d9 + 2d

Write the arithmetic terms as 9,9, 9+d,9 + d, 9+2d9 + 2d

大提示:

在等比数列中,中项的平方等于两端项的乘积。

In a geometric progression the middle term squared equals the product of the outer terms

解答:

等差数列为 999+d9 + d9+2d9 + 2d。加上指定数后,等比数列为 9911+d11 + d29+2d29 + 2d

等比条件给出 (11+d)2=9(29+2d)(11 + d)^2 = 9(29 + 2d),化简为 d2+4d140=0d^2 + 4d - 140 = 0,所以 d=10d = 10d=14d = -14

对应的第三项 29+2d29 + 2d 分别为 494911,所以最小可能值为 11

所以正确答案是 A

The arithmetic progression is 9,9, 9+d,9 + d, 9+2d.9 + 2d. After the additions, the geometric progression is 9,9, 11+d,11 + d, 29+2d.29 + 2d.

The geometric condition gives (11+d)2=9(29+2d),(11 + d)^2 = 9(29 + 2d), which simplifies to d2+4d140=0,d^2 + 4d - 140 = 0, so d=10d = 10 or d=14.d = -14.

The corresponding third terms 29+2d29 + 2d are 4949 and 1,1, so the smallest possible value is 1.1.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

15.

Brenda 和 Sally 在一条圆形跑道上沿相反方向跑步,从直径两端的点同时出发。她们第一次相遇时,Brenda 已跑了 100100 米。她们下一次相遇时,Sally 已经从第一次相遇点又跑了 150150 米。两人的速度都恒定。跑道长多少米?

Brenda and Sally run in opposite directions on a circular track, starting at diametrically opposite points. They first meet after Brenda has run 100100 meters. They next meet after Sally has run 150150 meters past their first meeting point. Each girl runs at a constant speed. What is the length of the track in meters?

250250

300300

350350

400400

500500

答案:C
难度评级:1540
小提示:

到第一次相遇时,两人合计跑了半圈。

By the first meeting the two together have covered half the track

大提示:

第一次和第二次相遇之间,两人合计跑了一整圈,所以 Brenda 跑了第一次路程的两倍。

Between the first and second meetings they together cover a full track, so Brenda runs twice her first leg

解答:

从相对两端出发时,她们第一次相遇时合计跑了半个跑道长度。

第一次和第二次相遇之间,她们合计跑了一个完整跑道长度。因为 Brenda 第一次相遇前跑了 100100 米,所以这段时间她跑了 2100=2002 \cdot 100 = 200 米。

同一时间段内 Sally 跑了 150150 米,因此跑道长度为 200+150=350200 + 150 = 350 米。

所以正确答案是 C

Starting at opposite ends, when they first meet they have together run half the track. Between the first and second meetings, they together run a full track length.

Since Brenda runs at a constant speed and covered 100100 meters before the first meeting, she covers 2100=2002 \cdot 100 = 200 meters between the two meetings.

Adding Sally’s 150150 meters over that same interval gives a track length of 200+150=350200 + 150 = 350 meters.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

16.

使 log2004(log2003(log2002(log2001x)))\small \log_{2004}(\log_{2003}(\log_{2002}(\log_{2001} x))) 有定义的所有实数 xx 的集合是 {xx>c}\{x \mid x \gt c\}cc 的值是多少?

The set of all real numbers xx for which log2004(log2003(log2002(log2001x)))\small \log_{2004}(\log_{2003}(\log_{2002}(\log_{2001} x))) is defined is {xx>c}.\{x \mid x \gt c\}. What is the value of c?c?

00

200120022001^{2002}

200220032002^{2003}

200320042003^{2004}

2001200220032001^{2002^{2003}}

答案:B
知识点:对数不等式
难度评级:1660
小提示:

从外向内处理:每个对数都要求它的真数为正。

Work from the outside in: each logarithm requires its argument to be positive

大提示:

log2004()\log_{2004}(\cdots) 有定义仅当 log2003()>0\log_{2003}(\cdots) \gt 0,也就是下一层真数大于 11

log2004()\log_{2004}(\cdots) is defined only when log2003()>0,\log_{2003}(\cdots) \gt 0, i.e. the next argument exceeds 11

解答:

该表达式有定义当且仅当 log2003(log2002(log2001x))>0\log_{2003}(\log_{2002}(\log_{2001} x)) \gt 0,也就是 log2002(log2001x)>1\log_{2002}(\log_{2001} x) \gt 1

这当且仅当 log2001x>2002\log_{2001} x \gt 2002,等价于 x>20012002x \gt 2001^{2002}

因此 c=20012002c = 2001^{2002}

所以正确答案是 B

The expression is defined if and only if log2003(log2002(log2001x))>0,\log_{2003}(\log_{2002}(\log_{2001} x)) \gt 0, that is, log2002(log2001x)>1.\log_{2002}(\log_{2001} x) \gt 1.

This holds if and only if log2001x>2002,\log_{2001} x \gt 2002, which is equivalent to x>20012002.x \gt 2001^{2002}.

Therefore c=20012002.c = 2001^{2002}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

17.

ff 是满足以下性质的函数:

(i) f(1)=1f(1) = 1,且

(ii) 对任意正整数 nn,都有 f(2n)=nf(n)f(2n) = n \cdot f(n)

f(2100)f(2^{100}) 的值是多少?

Let ff be a function with the following properties:

(i) f(1)=1,f(1) = 1, and

(ii) f(2n)=nf(n)f(2n) = n \cdot f(n) for any positive integer n.n.

What is the value of f(2100)?f(2^{100})?

11

2992^{99}

21002^{100}

249502^{4950}

299992^{9999}

答案:D
难度评级:1720
小提示:

反复用 n=2kn = 2^{k} 代入规则,展开 f(2100)f(2^{100})

Apply the rule repeatedly with n=2kn = 2^{k} to unwind f(2100)f(2^{100})

大提示:

指数按 1+2++991 + 2 + \cdots + 99 累加。

The exponent accumulates as 1+2++991 + 2 + \cdots + 99

解答:

f(2n)=nf(n)f(2n) = n \cdot f(n) 中令 n=2kn = 2^{k} 得到 f(2k+1)=2kf(2k)f(2^{k+1}) = 2^{k} \cdot f(2^{k})

f(21)=f(2)=1f(1)=20f(2^1) = f(2) = 1 \cdot f(1) = 2^0,展开,指数累加为 f(2n)=20+1+2++(n1)=2n(n1)2 \begin{aligned} f(2^n) &= 2^{0 + 1 + 2 + \cdots + (n-1)} \\ &= 2^{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此 f(2100)=2100992=24950f(2^{100}) = 2^{\frac{100 \cdot 99}{2}} = 2^{4950}

所以正确答案是 D

Applying f(2n)=nf(n)f(2n) = n \cdot f(n) with n=2k,n = 2^{k}, we get f(2k+1)=2kf(2k).f(2^{k+1}) = 2^{k} \cdot f(2^{k}).

Unwinding from f(21)=f(2)=1f(1)=20,f(2^1) = f(2) = 1 \cdot f(1) = 2^0, the exponents accumulate: f(2n)=20+1+2++(n1)=2n(n1)2. \begin{aligned} f(2^n) &= 2^{0 + 1 + 2 + \cdots + (n-1)} \\ &= 2^{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}}. \end{aligned}

Therefore f(2100)=2100992=24950.f(2^{100}) = 2^{\frac{100 \cdot 99}{2}} = 2^{4950}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

18.

正方形 ABCDABCD 的边长为 22。在正方形内部作以 AB\overline{AB} 为直径的半圆,从 CC 向该半圆作切线,切线与边 AD\overline{AD} 交于 EECE\overline{CE} 的长度是多少?

Square ABCDABCD has side length 2.2. A semicircle with diameter AB\overline{AB} is constructed inside the square, and the tangent to the semicircle from CC intersects side AD\overline{AD} at E.E. What is the length of CE?\overline{CE}?

2+52\dfrac{2 + \sqrt{5}}{2}

5\sqrt{5}

6\sqrt{6}

52\dfrac{5}{2}

555 - \sqrt{5}

答案:D
难度评级:1860
小提示:

从同一个外点向圆作的两条切线段相等。

Two tangent segments from a common external point to a circle are equal

大提示:

x=AEx = AE,由切线段得到 CE=2+xCE = 2 + x,再对 CDE\triangle CDE 用勾股定理。

With x=AE,x = AE, the tangent lengths give CE=2+x,CE = 2 + x, then apply the Pythagorean theorem to CDE\triangle CDE

解答:

FFCECE 与半圆的切点。由于 CBCBCFCF 都是从 CC 作出的切线,所以 CF=CB=2CF = CB = 2。同理,令 x=AEx = AE,从 EE 作出的切线给出 EF=EA=xEF = EA = x

因此 CE=CF+FE=2+xCE = CF + FE = 2 + x。在直角三角形 CDECDE 中,CD=2CD = 2DE=2xDE = 2 - x,所以 (2x)2+22=(2+x)2 (2 - x)^2 + 2^2 = (2 + x)^2\text{。}

展开得 8x=48x = 4,所以 x=12x = \tfrac12,并且 CE=2+12=52CE = 2 + \tfrac12 = \tfrac52

所以正确答案是 D

Let FF be the point where CECE touches the semicircle. Since CBCB and CFCF are both tangents from C,C, we have CF=CB=2.CF = CB = 2. Similarly, with x=AE,x = AE, the tangents from EE give EF=EA=x.EF = EA = x.

Thus CE=CF+FE=2+x.CE = CF + FE = 2 + x. In right triangle CDE,CDE, where CD=2CD = 2 and DE=2x,DE = 2 - x, (2x)2+22=(2+x)2. (2 - x)^2 + 2^2 = (2 + x)^2.

Expanding gives 8x=4,8x = 4, so x=12x = \tfrac12 and CE=2+12=52.CE = 2 + \tfrac12 = \tfrac52.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

19.

AABBCC 两两外切,并且都内切于圆 DD。圆 BBCC 全等。圆 AA 的半径为 11,并且经过圆 DD 的圆心。圆 BB 的半径是多少?

Circles A,A, B,B, and CC are externally tangent to each other and internally tangent to circle D.D. Circles BB and CC are congruent. Circle AA has radius 11 and passes through the center of D.D. What is the radius of circle B?B?

23\dfrac{2}{3}

32\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

78\dfrac{7}{8}

89\dfrac{8}{9}

1+33\dfrac{1 + \sqrt{3}}{3}

答案:D
难度评级:1920
小提示:

因为圆 AA 经过圆 DD 的圆心且与圆 DD 内切,所以大圆的半径为 22

Since AA passes through the center of DD and is internally tangent, circle DD has radius 22

大提示:

把圆 DD 的圆心放在原点;利用各圆心与对称轴形成的直角三角形。

Place the center of DD at the origin; use right triangles formed by the centers and the axis of symmetry

解答:

AA 半径为 11,经过圆 DD 的圆心并与圆 DD 内切,所以圆 DD 的半径为 22

将圆 DD 的圆心放在原点,圆 AA 的圆心在 (1,0)(-1, 0)。由对称性,BB 的圆心为 (x,y)(x, y),半径为 rrCC 是它关于水平轴的镜像,所以两圆在该轴上相切,且 y=ry = r

与圆 DD 内切给出 x2+y2=(2r)2x^2 + y^2 = (2 - r)^2,与圆 AA 外切给出 (x+1)2+y2=(1+r)2(x + 1)^2 + y^2 = (1 + r)^2

两式相减并使用 y=ry = r 得到 x=23x = \tfrac23r=89r = \tfrac89。因此圆 BB 的半径是 89\tfrac89

所以正确答案是 D

Circle AA has radius 11 and passes through the center of DD while being internally tangent to D,D, so DD has radius 2.2.

Place the center of DD at the origin, with AA centered at (1,0).(-1, 0). By symmetry, BB has center (x,y)(x, y) and radius r,r, with CC its mirror image across the horizontal axis, so the two congruent circles touch on that axis and y=r.y = r.

Internal tangency to DD gives x2+y2=(2r)2,x^2 + y^2 = (2 - r)^2, and external tangency to AA gives (x+1)2+y2=(1+r)2.(x + 1)^2 + y^2 = (1 + r)^2.

Subtracting and using y=ry = r yields x=23x = \tfrac23 and r=89.r = \tfrac89. The radius of circle BB is 89.\tfrac89.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

20.

独立随机地选取 0011 之间的数 aabb,并令 cc 为它们的和。将 aabb,和 cc 分别四舍五入到最接近的整数,所得结果为 AABB,和 CCA+B=CA + B = C 的概率是多少?

Select numbers aa and bb between 00 and 11 independently and at random, and let cc be their sum. Let A,A, B,B, and CC be the results when a,a, b,b, and c,c, respectively, are rounded to the nearest integer. What is the probability that A+B=C?A + B = C?

14\dfrac{1}{4}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

答案:E
难度评级:1990
小提示:

(a,b)(a, b) 看成单位正方形中的随机点,并按 a,ba, b 是否小于 12\tfrac12 分类。

Model (a,b)(a, b) as a random point in the unit square and split by whether each of a,ba, b is below 12\tfrac12

大提示:

只有当 a,b12a, b \ge \tfrac12a+b<32a + b \lt \tfrac32,或 a,b<12a, b \lt \tfrac12a+b12a + b \ge \tfrac12 时条件失败。

The condition fails only when a,b12a, b \ge \tfrac12 but a+b<32,a + b \lt \tfrac32, or a,b<12a, b \lt \tfrac12 but a+b12a + b \ge \tfrac12

解答:

将选择表示为单位正方形中的点 (a,b)(a, b)aabb 小于 12\tfrac12 时四舍五入为 00,否则四舍五入为 11;而 c=a+bc = a + b 的分界点为 12\tfrac1232\tfrac32

这个等式恰好在两个区域内不成立。若 a,b<12a, b \lt \tfrac12,则当 a+b12a + b \ge \tfrac12 时不成立,这是一个面积为 18\tfrac18 的直角三角形。若 a,b12a, b \ge \tfrac12,则当 a+b<32a + b \lt \tfrac32 时不成立,这是另一个面积为 18\tfrac18 的直角三角形。当 a,ba, b 中恰好有一个不小于 12\tfrac12 时,等式总是成立。

因此不成立的概率为 18+18=14\tfrac18 + \tfrac18 = \tfrac14,所以所求概率为 114=341 - \tfrac14 = \tfrac34

所以正确答案是 E

Represent the choices as a point (a,b)(a, b) in the unit square. Each of aa and bb rounds to 00 if below 12\tfrac12 and to 11 otherwise, while c=a+bc = a + b rounds based on 12\tfrac12 and 32.\tfrac32.

The equation fails in exactly two regions. If a,b<12,a, b \lt \tfrac12, it fails when a+b12;a + b \ge \tfrac12; this is a right triangle of area 18.\tfrac18. If a,b12,a, b \ge \tfrac12, it fails when a+b<32;a + b \lt \tfrac32; this is another right triangle of area 18.\tfrac18. When exactly one of a,ba, b is at least 12,\tfrac12, the equation always holds.

Thus the failure probability is 18+18=14,\tfrac18 + \tfrac18 = \tfrac14, so the requested probability is 114=34.1 - \tfrac14 = \tfrac34.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

21.

如果 n=0cos2nθ=5\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \cos^{2n} \theta = 5\text{,} 那么 cos2θ\cos 2\theta 的值是多少?

If n=0cos2nθ=5,\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \cos^{2n} \theta = 5, what is the value of cos2θ?\cos 2\theta?

15\dfrac{1}{5}

25\dfrac{2}{5}

55\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{5}

35\dfrac{3}{5}

45\dfrac{4}{5}

答案:D
难度评级:1820
小提示:

该级数是公比为 cos2θ\cos^2 \theta 的等比级数。

The series is geometric with ratio cos2θ\cos^2 \theta

大提示:

求和得到 1sin2θ=5\dfrac{1}{\sin^2 \theta} = 5,再用 cos2θ=12sin2θ\cos 2\theta = 1 - 2\sin^2 \theta

Sum to get 1sin2θ=5,\dfrac{1}{\sin^2 \theta} = 5, then use cos2θ=12sin2θ\cos 2\theta = 1 - 2\sin^2 \theta

解答:

该级数首项为 11,公比为 cos2θ\cos^2 \theta,所以和为 11cos2θ=1sin2θ=5\dfrac{1}{1 - \cos^2 \theta} = \dfrac{1}{\sin^2 \theta} = 5

因此 sin2θ=15\sin^2 \theta = \tfrac15,并且 cos2θ=12sin2θ=125=35 \begin{aligned} \cos 2\theta &= 1 - 2\sin^2 \theta \\ &= 1 - \tfrac25 = \tfrac35 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

The series is geometric with first term 11 and ratio cos2θ,\cos^2 \theta, so its sum is 11cos2θ=1sin2θ=5.\dfrac{1}{1 - \cos^2 \theta} = \dfrac{1}{\sin^2 \theta} = 5.

Thus sin2θ=15,\sin^2 \theta = \tfrac15, and cos2θ=12sin2θ=125=35. \begin{aligned} \cos 2\theta &= 1 - 2\sin^2 \theta \\ &= 1 - \tfrac25 = \tfrac35. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

22.

三个互相相切、半径为 11 的球放在一个水平平面上。一个半径为 22 的球放在它们上面。从平面到较大球顶部的距离是多少?

Three mutually tangent spheres of radius 11 rest on a horizontal plane. A sphere of radius 22 rests on them. What is the distance from the plane to the top of the larger sphere?

3+3023 + \dfrac{\sqrt{30}}{2}

3+6933 + \dfrac{\sqrt{69}}{3}

3+12343 + \dfrac{\sqrt{123}}{4}

529\dfrac{52}{9}

3+223 + 2\sqrt{2}

答案:B
难度评级:2150
小提示:

三个小球的球心在离平面高度 11 处形成边长为 22 的等边三角形。

The three small centers form an equilateral triangle of side 22 at height 11

大提示:

大球球心在该三角形重心正上方;利用球心间距离 1+2=31 + 2 = 3 求其高度。

The big center lies above the triangle’s centroid; use the distance between centers 1+2=31 + 2 = 3 to find its height

解答:

设三个单位球的球心为 AABBCC,它们在离平面高度 11 处形成边长为 22 的等边三角形;设 EE 为大球球心,位于 ABC\triangle ABC 的重心 DD 正上方。

从顶点到重心的距离为 AD=233AD = \tfrac{2\sqrt3}{3},且 AE=1+2=3AE = 1 + 2 = 3,所以 DE=32(233)2=943=693 \begin{aligned} DE &= \sqrt{3^2 - \left(\tfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}\right)^2} \\ &= \sqrt{9 - \tfrac{4}{3}} \\ &= \dfrac{\sqrt{69}}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因为 DD 位于平面上方 11 个单位,而大球顶部在 EE 上方 22 个单位,所以总高度为 1+693+2=3+693 1 + \dfrac{\sqrt{69}}{3} + 2 = 3 + \dfrac{\sqrt{69}}{3}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

Let the centers of the three unit spheres be A,A, B,B, C,C, forming an equilateral triangle of side 22 at height 11 above the plane, and let EE be the center of the large sphere directly above the centroid DD of ABC.\triangle ABC.

The distance from a vertex to the centroid is AD=233,AD = \tfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}, and AE=1+2=3,AE = 1 + 2 = 3, so DE=32(233)2=943=693. \begin{aligned} DE &= \sqrt{3^2 - \left(\tfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}\right)^2} \\ &= \sqrt{9 - \tfrac{4}{3}} \\ &= \dfrac{\sqrt{69}}{3}. \end{aligned}

Since DD is 11 unit above the plane and the top of the large sphere is 22 units above E,E, the total height is 1+693+2=3+693. 1 + \dfrac{\sqrt{69}}{3} + 2 = 3 + \dfrac{\sqrt{69}}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

23.

多项式 P(x)=c2004x2004+c2003x2003++c1x+c0 \begin{aligned} &P(x) = c_{2004} x^{2004} + c_{2003} x^{2003} \\ &\quad {}+ \cdots + c_1 x + c_0 \end{aligned} 的系数均为实数,且 c20040c_{2004} \ne 0。它有 20042004 个不同的复数零点 zk=ak+bkiz_k = a_k + b_k i,其中 1k20041 \le k \le 2004aka_kbkb_k 均为实数,a1=b1=0a_1 = b_1 = 0,并且 k=12004ak=k=12004bk\sum_{k=1}^{2004} a_k = \sum_{k=1}^{2004} b_k\text{。} 下列哪个量可能是非零数?

A polynomial P(x)=c2004x2004+c2003x2003++c1x+c0 \begin{aligned} &P(x) = c_{2004} x^{2004} + c_{2003} x^{2003} \\ &\quad {}+ \cdots + c_1 x + c_0 \end{aligned} has real coefficients with c20040c_{2004} \ne 0 and 20042004 distinct complex zeros zk=ak+bki,z_k = a_k + b_k i, 1k20041 \le k \le 2004 with aka_k and bkb_k real, a1=b1=0,a_1 = b_1 = 0, and k=12004ak=k=12004bk.\sum_{k=1}^{2004} a_k = \sum_{k=1}^{2004} b_k. Which of the following quantities can be a nonzero number?

c0c_0

c2003c_{2003}

b2b3b2004b_2 b_3 \ldots b_{2004}

k=12004ak\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{2004} a_k

k=12004ck\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{2004} c_k

答案:E
难度评级:2350
小提示:

因为 z1=0z_1 = 0 是根,所以 c0=P(0)=0c_0 = P(0) = 0;非实根成共轭对出现。

Since z1=0z_1 = 0 is a root, c0=P(0)=0;c_0 = P(0) = 0; nonreal roots come in conjugate pairs

大提示:

ck=P(1)\sum c_k = P(1),它不一定为零;检查其他每个选项都必须为零。

ck=P(1),\sum c_k = P(1), which is not forced to be zero; check each other option must vanish

解答:

因为 z1=a1+b1i=0z_1 = a_1 + b_1 i = 0 是根,所以 c0=P(0)=0c_0 = P(0) = 0

非实零点成共轭对出现,所以 bk=0\sum b_k = 0 而题设于是强制 ak=0\sum a_k = 0。系数 c2003c_{2003} 等于 c2004-c_{2004} 乘以根之和 ak+ibk=0\sum a_k + i \sum b_k = 0,所以 c2003=0c_{2003} = 0

因为次数为偶数,z2,,z2004z_2, \ldots, z_{2004} 中至少有一个实根,使得某个 bk=0b_k = 0,所以 b2b3b2004=0b_2 b_3 \cdots b_{2004} = 0。因此 (A) 到 (D) 都必须为 00

另一方面,k=12004ck=P(1)\sum_{k=1}^{2004} c_k = P(1)。一个有效多项式例如 P(x)=x(x2)(x3)P(x) = x(x - 2)(x - 3) \cdots (x2003)\cdot (x - 2003) (x+k=22003k)\cdot \left(x + \sum_{k=2}^{2003} k\right) 满足 P(1)0P(1) \ne 0,所以只有 ck\sum c_k 可能非零。

所以正确答案是 E

Since z1=a1+b1i=0z_1 = a_1 + b_1 i = 0 is a root, c0=P(0)=0.c_0 = P(0) = 0.

The nonreal zeros occur in conjugate pairs, so bk=0,\sum b_k = 0, and the hypothesis then forces ak=0.\sum a_k = 0. The coefficient c2003c_{2003} equals c2004-c_{2004} times the sum of the roots ak+ibk=0,\sum a_k + i \sum b_k = 0, so c2003=0.c_{2003} = 0.

Because the degree is even, at least one of z2,,z2004z_2, \ldots, z_{2004} is real, making one bk=0,b_k = 0, so b2b3b2004=0.b_2 b_3 \cdots b_{2004} = 0. Thus (A) through (D) all must be 0.0.

On the other hand, k=12004ck=P(1),\sum_{k=1}^{2004} c_k = P(1), and a valid polynomial such as P(x)=x(x2)(x3)P(x) = x(x - 2)(x - 3) \cdots (x2003)\cdot (x - 2003) (x+k=22003k)\cdot \left(x + \sum_{k=2}^{2003} k\right) has P(1)0.P(1) \ne 0. So only ck\sum c_k can be nonzero.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

24.

一个平面中有点 AABB,且 AB=1AB = 1。设 SS 为平面中所有覆盖线段 AB\overline{AB} 的半径为 11 的圆盘的并集。SS 的面积是多少?

A plane contains points AA and BB with AB=1.AB = 1. Let SS be the union of all disks of radius 11 in the plane that cover AB.\overline{AB}. What is the area of S?S?

2π+32\pi + \sqrt{3}

8π3\dfrac{8\pi}{3}

3π323\pi - \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

10π33\dfrac{10\pi}{3} - \sqrt{3}

4π234\pi - 2\sqrt{3}

答案:C
难度评级:2350
小提示:

一个半径为 11 的圆盘覆盖 AB\overline{AB},当且仅当它的圆心到 AABB 的距离都不超过 11

A radius-11 disk covers AB\overline{AB} exactly when its center lies within 11 of both AA and BB

大提示:

先找出圆心所在的透镜形区域 RR,再注意 SS 是所有到 RR 距离不超过 11 的点。

Find that lens-shaped region RR of centers, then SS is all points within 11 of RR

解答:

一个半径为 11 的圆盘覆盖线段 AB\overline{AB},当且仅当它的圆心到 AABB 的距离都不超过 11。这个区域 RR 是以 AABB 为圆心的两个单位圆的重叠透镜。

每个单位圆都经过另一个圆的圆心,所以透镜由两段 120120^\circ 圆弧围成。两个 120120^\circ 扇形的面积各为 π3\tfrac{\pi}{3},重叠中扣掉的两个等边三角形总面积为 32\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2},所以 RR 的面积为 2π332\tfrac{2\pi}{3} - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}

集合 SS 由所有到 RR 距离不超过 11 的点组成。除 RR 本身外,还增加两个 6060^\circ 半径 11 的扇形(每个面积 π6\tfrac{\pi}{6})和两个 120120^\circ 外半径 22、内半径 11 的环形区域(每个面积 π\pi)。

因此 SS 的面积为 (2π332)+2π6+2π=3π32 \begin{aligned} &\left(\tfrac{2\pi}{3} - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \tfrac{\pi}{6} \\ &\quad {}+ 2\pi = 3\pi - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

A radius-11 disk covers segment AB\overline{AB} exactly when its center is within 11 of both AA and B.B. That region RR is the lens where the two unit circles centered at AA and BB overlap.

Each unit circle passes through the other’s center, so the lens is bounded by two 120120^\circ arcs. Two 120120^\circ sectors of area π3\tfrac{\pi}{3} overlap in two equilateral triangles of total area 32,\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}, giving RR area 2π332.\tfrac{2\pi}{3} - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}.

The set SS consists of all points within 11 of R.R. Beyond RR itself, this adds two 6060^\circ sectors of radius 11 (each area π6\tfrac{\pi}{6}) and two 120120^\circ annuli of outer radius 22 and inner radius 11 (each area π\pi).

Therefore the area of SS is (2π332)+2π6+2π=3π32. \begin{aligned} &\left(\tfrac{2\pi}{3} - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \tfrac{\pi}{6} \\ &\quad {}+ 2\pi = 3\pi - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

25.

对每个整数 n4n \ge 4,令 ana_n 表示 nn 进制数 0.133n0.\overline{133}_n。乘积 a4a5a99a_4 a_5 \ldots a_{99} 可表示为 mn!\dfrac{m}{n!},其中 mmnn 是正整数,且 nn 尽可能小。mm 的值是多少?

For each integer n4,n \ge 4, let ana_n denote the base-nn number 0.133n.0.\overline{133}_n. The product a4a5a99a_4 a_5 \ldots a_{99} can be expressed as mn!,\dfrac{m}{n!}, where mm and nn are positive integers and nn is as small as possible. What is the value of m?m?

9898

101101

132132

798798

962962

答案:E
难度评级:2440
小提示:

一个循环 nn 进制小数 0.133n0.\overline{133}_n 等于 n2+3n+3n31\dfrac{n^2 + 3n + 3}{n^3 - 1}

A repeating base-nn fraction 0.133n0.\overline{133}_n equals n2+3n+3n31\dfrac{n^2 + 3n + 3}{n^3 - 1}

大提示:

注意 n2+3n+3=(n+1)31nn^2 + 3n + 3 = \dfrac{(n+1)^3 - 1}{n},这会使乘积裂项相消。

Note n2+3n+3=(n+1)31n,n^2 + 3n + 3 = \dfrac{(n+1)^3 - 1}{n}, which makes the product telescope

解答:

因为 n3an=133.133nn^3 \cdot a_n = 133.\overline{133}_n =an+n2+3n+3= a_n + n^2 + 3n + 3,得到 an=n2+3n+3n31=(n+1)31n(n31) \begin{aligned} a_n &= \dfrac{n^2 + 3n + 3}{n^3 - 1} \\ &= \dfrac{(n+1)^3 - 1}{n(n^3 - 1)} \end{aligned}\text{。}

写成 n31=(n1)(n2+n+1)n^3 - 1 = (n - 1)(n^2 + n + 1),以及 (n+1)31(n+1)^3 - 1 =n((n+1)2+(n+1)+1)= n\big((n+1)^2 + (n+1) + 1\big),乘积 a4a5a99a_4 a_5 \cdots a_{99} 裂项相消为 3!99!10031431=3!99!99(1002+100+1)63 \begin{gathered} \dfrac{3!}{99!} \cdot \dfrac{100^3 - 1}{4^3 - 1} \\ {}= \dfrac{3!}{99!} \cdot \dfrac{99(100^2 + 100 + 1)}{63} \end{gathered}\text{。}

它化简为 (2)(10101)(21)(98!)=96298!\dfrac{(2)(10101)}{(21)(98!)} = \dfrac{962}{98!}。若 n97n \le 97,把这个分数改写成以 n!n! 为分母会要求 9898 整除 962962,但并不成立。因此最小可能的 nn9898,且 m=962m = 962

所以正确答案是 E

Since n3an=133.133nn^3 \cdot a_n = 133.\overline{133}_n =an+n2+3n+3,= a_n + n^2 + 3n + 3, we get an=n2+3n+3n31=(n+1)31n(n31). \begin{aligned} a_n &= \dfrac{n^2 + 3n + 3}{n^3 - 1} \\ &= \dfrac{(n+1)^3 - 1}{n(n^3 - 1)}. \end{aligned}

Writing n31=(n1)(n2+n+1)n^3 - 1 = (n - 1)(n^2 + n + 1) and (n+1)31(n+1)^3 - 1 =n((n+1)2+(n+1)+1),= n\big((n+1)^2 + (n+1) + 1\big), the product a4a5a99a_4 a_5 \cdots a_{99} telescopes to 3!99!10031431=3!99!99(1002+100+1)63. \begin{gathered} \dfrac{3!}{99!} \cdot \dfrac{100^3 - 1}{4^3 - 1} \\ {}= \dfrac{3!}{99!} \cdot \dfrac{99(100^2 + 100 + 1)}{63}. \end{gathered}

This simplifies to (2)(10101)(21)(98!)=96298!.\dfrac{(2)(10101)}{(21)(98!)} = \dfrac{962}{98!}. If n97,n \le 97, then rewriting this fraction with denominator n!n! would require 9898 to divide 962,962, which it does not. Hence the smallest possible nn is 98,98, and m=962.m = 962.

Thus, the correct answer is E.