2019 AMC 12B 第 23 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

有多少个由 0011 组成的长度为 1919 的序列,满足以 00 开头、以 00 结尾、不含两个连续的 00,且不含三个连续的 11

How many sequences of 00s and 11s of length 1919 are there that begin with a 0,0, end with a 0,0, contain no two consecutive 00s, and contain no three consecutive 11s?

5555

6060

6565

7070

7575

答案:C
知识点:分拆与有序分拆组合分类讨论
难度评级:2050
解答:

没有两个 00 相邻,所以 00 之间由若干 11 的块隔开,每块大小为 1122 (不能为 33)。若有 kk 个零,则有 k1k-1 个这样的块,合计 19k19-k 个一。

大小为 22 的块数为 (19k)(k1)=202k(19-k)-(k-1)=20-2k, 它必须满足 0202kk10\le20-2k\le k-1, 即 7k107\le k\le10

k=7,8,9,10k=7,8,9,10 求和 (k1202k)\binom{k-1}{20-2k} 得到 (66)+(74)+(82)+(90)\binom66+\binom74+\binom82+\binom90 =1+35+28+1=1+35+28+1 =65=65

所以正确答案是 C

No two 00s are adjacent, so the 00s are separated by blocks of 11s, each of size 11 or 22 (never 33). If there are kk zeros, there are k1k-1 such blocks summing to 19k19-k ones.

The number of size-22 blocks is (19k)(k1)=202k,(19-k)-(k-1)=20-2k, which must satisfy 0202kk1,0\le20-2k\le k-1, i.e. 7k10.7\le k\le10.

Summing (k1202k)\binom{k-1}{20-2k} over k=7,8,9,10k=7,8,9,10 gives (66)+(74)+(82)+(90)\binom66+\binom74+\binom82+\binom90 =1+35+28+1=1+35+28+1 =65.=65.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

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