2018 AMC 12B 第 16 题

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16.

方程 (z+6)8=81(z+6)^8=81 的解在复平面中连成一个凸正多边形,其中三个顶点标为 AABBCCABC\triangle ABC 的最小可能面积是多少?

The solutions to the equation (z+6)8=81(z+6)^8=81 are connected in the complex plane to form a convex regular polygon, three of whose vertices are labeled A,A, B,B, and C.C. What is the least possible area of ABC?\triangle ABC?

166\dfrac{1}{6}\sqrt{6}

32232\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}

23222\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{2}

122\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{2}

31\sqrt{3}-1

答案:B
知识点:单位根正多边形三角形面积
难度评级:1990
解答:

平移 66 后,z8=81z^8=81 的解是半径为 811/8=381^{1/8}=\sqrt3 的圆上的八个点,构成正八边形。面积最小的三角形使用三个连续顶点。

A=(126,126)A=\left(\tfrac12\sqrt6,\tfrac12\sqrt6\right)B=(3,0)B=(\sqrt3,0)C=(126,126)C=\left(\tfrac12\sqrt6,-\tfrac12\sqrt6\right)。此时 AC=6AC=\sqrt6,高为 3126\sqrt3-\tfrac12\sqrt6,所以面积为 126(3126)=32232. \begin{gathered} \tfrac12\cdot\sqrt6\left(\sqrt3-\tfrac12\sqrt6\right) \\ =\tfrac{3}{2}\sqrt2-\tfrac{3}{2}. \end{gathered}

所以正确答案是 B

Translating by 6,6, the solutions of z8=81z^8=81 are eight points on a circle of radius 811/8=3,81^{1/8}=\sqrt3, forming a regular octagon. The minimum-area triangle uses three consecutive vertices.

Take A=(126,126),A=\left(\tfrac12\sqrt6,\tfrac12\sqrt6\right), B=(3,0),B=(\sqrt3,0), and C=(126,126).C=\left(\tfrac12\sqrt6,-\tfrac12\sqrt6\right). Then AC=6AC=\sqrt6 and the height is 3126,\sqrt3-\tfrac12\sqrt6, so the area is 126(3126)=32232. \begin{gathered} \tfrac12\cdot\sqrt6\left(\sqrt3-\tfrac12\sqrt6\right) \\ =\tfrac{3}{2}\sqrt2-\tfrac{3}{2}. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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