2017 AMC 12B 第 20 题

先试着解答 2017 AMC 12B 第 20 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2017 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

实数 xxyy 独立地从区间 (0,1)(0, 1) 中均匀随机选取。若 r\lfloor r \rfloor 表示小于或等于实数 rr 的最大整数,那么 log2x=log2y\lfloor \log_2 x \rfloor = \lfloor \log_2 y \rfloor 的概率是多少?

Real numbers xx and yy are chosen independently and uniformly at random from the interval (0,1).(0, 1). What is the probability that log2x=log2y,\lfloor \log_2 x \rfloor = \lfloor \log_2 y \rfloor, where r\lfloor r \rfloor denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to the real number r?r?

18\dfrac{1}{8}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:D
知识点:几何概率取整函数等比数列
难度评级:1990
解答:

对每个正整数 nnlog2x=n\lfloor \log_2 x \rfloor = -n 当且仅当 12nx<12n1\dfrac{1}{2^n} \le x \lt \dfrac{1}{2^{n-1}},这是长度为 12n\dfrac{1}{2^n} 的区间。两个取整值都等于 n-n 的事件是面积为 14n\dfrac{1}{4^n} 的正方形。对所有 nn 求和,概率为 n=114n=1/411/4=13.\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{4^n} = \frac{1/4}{1 - 1/4} = \frac{1}{3}.

所以正确答案是 D

For each positive integer n,n, log2x=n\lfloor \log_2 x \rfloor = -n exactly when 12nx<12n1,\dfrac{1}{2^n} \le x \lt \dfrac{1}{2^{n-1}}, an interval of length 12n.\dfrac{1}{2^n}. The event that both floors equal n-n is a square of area 14n.\dfrac{1}{4^n}. Summing over all n,n, the probability is n=114n=1/411/4=13.\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{4^n} = \frac{1/4}{1 - 1/4} = \frac{1}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

← 第 19 题#19
完整试卷

其他年份的第 20 题