2017 AMC 12A 第 16 题

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16.

在下图中,以 AABB 为圆心、半径分别为 2211 的半圆,画在一个以 JK\overline{JK} 为直径的半圆内部,并与它共用底边。两个较小的半圆彼此外切,并且都与最大半圆内切。 以 PP 为圆心的圆与两个较小半圆外切,并与最大半圆内切。以 PP 为圆心的圆的半径是多少?

In the figure below, semicircles with centers at AA and BB and with radii 22 and 1,1, respectively, are drawn in the interior of, and sharing bases with, a semicircle with diameter JK.\overline{JK}. The two smaller semicircles are externally tangent to each other and internally tangent to the largest semicircle. A circle centered at PP is drawn externally tangent to the two smaller semicircles and internally tangent to the largest semicircle. What is the radius of the circle centered at P?P?

34\dfrac{3}{4}

67\dfrac{6}{7}

123\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt3

582\dfrac{5}{8}\sqrt2

1112\dfrac{11}{12}

答案:B
知识点:相切圆勾股定理坐标几何
难度评级:1840
解答:

大半圆半径为 33,圆心 CCJK\overline{JK} 的中点。把 JJ 放在原点,则沿底边有 A=2A=2B=5B=5C=3C=3K=6K=6。设 PP 处圆的半径为 rr

由相切可知 PA=2+rPA=2+rPB=1+rPB=1+r, 且 PC=3rPC=3-r。 从 PP 向底边作垂线, 垂足的水平位置为 3+x3+x,高度为 hh, 由勾股定理得 h2=(2+r)2(1+x)2=(3r)2x2=(1+r)2(2x)2. \begin{aligned} h^2 &=(2+r)^2-(1+x)^2 \\ &=(3-r)^2-x^2 \\ &=(1+r)^2-(2-x)^2. \end{aligned}

这些式子化为关于 5rx=35r-x=32r+x=32r+x=3 的两个线性方程,其解为 r=67r=\dfrac{6}{7} (且 7r=67r=6)。

所以正确答案是 B

The large semicircle has radius 33 and center C,C, the midpoint of JK.\overline{JK}. Placing JJ at the origin, A=2,A=2, B=5,B=5, C=3,C=3, K=6K=6 along the base. Let rr be the radius of the circle at P.P.

By tangency, PA=2+r,PA=2+r, PB=1+r,PB=1+r, and PC=3r.PC=3-r. Dropping a perpendicular from PP to the base at horizontal position 3+x3+x with height h,h, the Pythagorean theorem gives h2=(2+r)2(1+x)2=(3r)2x2=(1+r)2(2x)2. \begin{aligned} h^2 &=(2+r)^2-(1+x)^2 \\ &=(3-r)^2-x^2 \\ &=(1+r)^2-(2-x)^2. \end{aligned}

Equating the first expression with the middle one gives 5rx=3,5r-x=3, while equating the last expression with the middle one gives 2r+x=3.2r+x=3. Adding yields 7r=6,7r=6, so r=67.r=\dfrac{6}{7}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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