2017 AMC 12A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
Pablo 给他的朋友们买冰棒。商店出售单支冰棒,每支 ; 支装盒,每盒 ;以及 支装盒,每盒 。Pablo 用 最多可以买多少支冰棒?
Pablo buys popsicles for his friends. The store sells single popsicles for each, -popsicle boxes for and -popsicle boxes for What is the greatest number of popsicles that Pablo can buy with
小提示:
最划算的是 支装盒, 买 支
The best value is the -popsicle box, at for
大提示:
用 买两盒 支装,再用剩下的 买一盒 支装
Spend on two -boxes, then use the remaining on a -box
解答:
最便宜的冰棒来自 支装盒,单价为 。即使按这个单价, 支冰棒也要花 ,超过 。
因此 Pablo 最多能买 支,而且他可以用 买两盒 支装,再用 买一盒 支装,得到 支冰棒。
所以正确答案是 D。
The cheapest popsicles come from the -popsicle box, at each. Even at that rate, popsicles would cost more than
So Pablo can buy at most and he achieves this with two -boxes for and one -box for giving popsicles.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
2.
两个非零实数的和等于它们乘积的 倍。这两个数的倒数之和是多少?
The sum of two nonzero real numbers is times their product. What is the sum of the reciprocals of the two numbers?
3.
Carroll 老师承诺:即将到来的考试中,凡是把所有选择题都答对的人,都会在这次考试中得到 A。以下哪一句一定能由此在逻辑上推出?
Ms. Carroll promised that anyone who got all the multiple choice questions right on the upcoming exam would receive an A on the exam. Which one of these statements necessarily follows logically?
如果 Lewis 没有得到 A,那么他把所有选择题都答错了。
If Lewis did not receive an A, then he got all of the multiple choice questions wrong.
如果 Lewis 没有得到 A,那么他至少答错了一道选择题。
If Lewis did not receive an A, then he got at least one of the multiple choice questions wrong.
如果 Lewis 至少答错了一道选择题,那么他没有得到 A。
If Lewis got at least one of the multiple choice questions wrong, then he did not receive an A.
如果 Lewis 得到了 A,那么他把所有选择题都答对了。
If Lewis received an A, then he got all of the multiple choice questions right.
如果 Lewis 得到了 A,那么他至少答对了一道选择题。
If Lewis received an A, then he got at least one of the multiple choice questions right.
答案:B
小提示:
一个蕴含命题与它的逆否命题等价,而不与它的逆命题或否命题等价
An implication is logically equivalent to its contrapositive, not to its converse or inverse
大提示:
“全部答对”的否定是“至少有一道答错”
Negating “got all right” gives “got at least one wrong”
解答:
这个承诺是“全部答对 得到 A”。一个蕴含命题只与它的逆否命题等价:“没有得到 A 没有全部答对”。
“没有全部答对”表示至少有一道题答错,这正是选项 B。逆命题和否命题都不能推出,而“全部答错”比这个否定强得多。
所以正确答案是 B。
The promise is “all right A.” An implication is equivalent only to its contrapositive: “not A not all right.”
“Not all right” means at least one question was wrong, which is exactly statement B. The converse and inverse do not follow, and getting “all wrong” is a much stronger claim than the negation.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
4.
Jerry 和 Silvia 想从一块正方形田地的西南角走到东北角。Jerry 先向正东走,再向正北走到达目的地;Silvia 则朝东北方向沿直线走到目的地。与 Jerry 的路程相比,Silvia 的路程大约短了多少?
Jerry and Silvia wanted to go from the southwest corner of a square field to the northeast corner. Jerry walked due east and then due north to reach the goal, but Silvia headed northeast and reached the goal walking in a straight line. Which of the following is closest to how much shorter Silvia’s trip was, compared to Jerry’s trip?
小提示:
设边长为 ;Jerry 走 ,Silvia 走对角线
Let the side be ; Jerry walks and Silvia walks the diagonal
大提示:
对角线为 ,节省的比例是 。
The diagonal is so the fraction saved is
解答:
如果正方形边长为 ,Jerry 走 而 Silvia 走对角线 。
Silvia 的路程短了的比例为
这最接近 。
所以正确答案是 A。
If the square has side Jerry walks while Silvia walks the diagonal
The fraction by which Silvia’s trip is shorter is
This is closest to
Thus, the correct answer is A.
5.
在一个 人聚会上,有 个人彼此都认识,还有 个人谁也不认识。彼此认识的人拥抱,彼此不认识的人握手。一共会发生多少次握手?
At a gathering of people, there are people who all know each other and people who know no one. People who know each other hug, and people who do not know each other shake hands. How many handshakes occur?
小提示:
那 个彼此认识的人只会和 个陌生人握手
The acquaintances only shake hands with the strangers
大提示:
把每个人的握手次数相加,再除以 。
Add up each person’s handshakes and divide by
解答:
那 个彼此认识的人只和 个陌生人握手。那 个陌生人中的每个人都和其他 人握手。
把握手次数相加并除以 (每次握手涉及两个人),得到
所以正确答案是 B。
Each of the people who know each other shakes hands with only the strangers. Each of the strangers shakes hands with all other people.
Summing handshake counts and dividing by (each handshake involves two people) gives
Thus, the correct answer is B.
6.
Joy 有 根细杆,长度分别为从 cm 到 cm 的每个整数,且每种长度各一根。她把长度为 cm、 cm 和 cm 的杆放在桌上。她接着想从剩下的杆中选一根,和这三根一起组成一个面积为正的四边形。她可以选择多少根剩余的杆作为第四根?
Joy has thin rods, one each of every integer length from cm through cm. She places the rods with lengths cm, cm, and cm on a table. She then wants to choose a fourth rod that she can put with these three to form a quadrilateral with positive area. How many of the remaining rods can she choose as the fourth rod?
小提示:
四条长度能组成四边形,当且仅当最长边小于另外三边之和
Four lengths form a quadrilateral exactly when the longest is less than the sum of the other three
大提示:
这给出 ;然后去掉已经在桌上的杆
This gives ; then remove the rods already on the table
解答:
四条长度能组成面积为正的四边形,当且仅当最长边严格小于另外三边之和。若第四根杆长为 ,则需要 且 ,所以
从 到 的整数共有 个,但长度为 和 的杆已经在桌上,剩下 种选择。
所以正确答案是 B。
Four lengths form a quadrilateral with positive area if and only if the longest is strictly less than the sum of the other three. With a fourth rod of length this requires and so
The integers from to give values, but the rods of length and are already on the table, leaving choices.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
7.
在正整数上递归定义函数:,当 为偶数时 ,当 为大于 的奇数时 。 是多少?
Define a function on the positive integers recursively by if is even, and if is odd and greater than What is
小提示:
计算 ,寻找规律
Compute and look for a pattern
大提示:
验证 同时满足两条递推规则
Check that satisfies both recursive rules
解答:
列出数值:,,,,这说明可能有 。
两条规则都与 一致:当 为偶数时,;当 为奇数时,。由于递归唯一确定 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Listing values: suggesting
Both rules are consistent with for even and for odd Since the recursion determines uniquely,
Thus, the correct answer is B.
8.
三维空间中所有到线段 距离不超过 个单位的点组成的区域体积为 。 的长度是多少?
The region consisting of all points in three-dimensional space within units of line segment has volume What is the length
小提示:
这个区域是半径为 的圆柱,两端各有一个半球
The region is a cylinder of radius with a hemisphere capping each end
大提示:
两个半球合成一个完整球:。
The two hemispheres combine into a full sphere:
解答:
设 。 这个区域是一个半径为 、高为 的圆柱,两端各接一个半径为 的半球。
圆柱体积为 ,两个半球合起来是一个球,体积为 。因此 得 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let The region is a cylinder of radius and height with a hemisphere of radius on each end.
The cylinder has volume and the two hemispheres together form a sphere of volume So giving
Thus, the correct answer is D.
9.
设 是坐标平面中满足以下条件的点 的集合:三个量 ,,和 中有两个相等,而第三个量不大于这个公共值。以下哪一项正确描述了 ?
Let be the set of points in the coordinate plane such that two of the three quantities and are equal and the third of the three quantities is no greater than this common value. Which of the following is a correct description of
一个点
a single point
两条相交直线
two intersecting lines
三条直线,且两两交点是三个不同的点
three lines whose pairwise intersections are three distinct points
一个三角形
a triangle
三条有共同端点的射线
three rays with a common endpoint
小提示:
令三个量中的两个相等,并要求第三个量至多等于这个公共值
Set two of the three quantities equal and require the third to be at most that common value
大提示:
三种配对各产生一条射线,且都从同一点 出发
Each of the three pairings produces a ray, and all three start at the same point
解答:
考虑 ,, 中哪两个是相等的较大值。
若 ,则 且 ,得到一条从 向下的射线。若 ,则 且 ,得到一条从 向左的射线。若 ,则 且 ,得到一条从 向右上方的射线。
三条射线共享端点 ,所以 是三条有共同端点的射线。
所以正确答案是 E。
Consider which two of are the (equal) larger pair.
If then and a downward ray from If then and a leftward ray from If then and a ray from going up and to the right.
All three rays share the endpoint so is three rays with a common endpoint.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
10.
Chloé 从区间 中均匀随机选择一个实数。Laurent 独立地从区间 中均匀随机选择一个实数。Laurent 选到的数大于 Chloé 选到的数的概率是多少?
Chloé chooses a real number uniformly at random from the interval Independently, Laurent chooses a real number uniformly at random from the interval What is the probability that Laurent’s number is greater than Chloé’s number?
小提示:
按 Laurent 的数是在 以上还是以下来分类
Split on whether Laurent’s number is above or below
大提示:
若它大于 ,Laurent 一定赢;若小于,则是对称的,双方各有一半机会
If it is above he always wins; if below, it is a symmetric coin flip
解答:
Laurent 的数有概率 落在 ,这会大于 Chloé 可能选择的任何数,因此他必胜。
另有概率 ,Laurent 的数落在 ,与 Chloé 的区间相同;由对称性,他较大的概率是一半。总概率为
所以正确答案是 C。
With probability Laurent’s number lies in which exceeds any number Chloé could choose, so he wins for certain.
With the other probability Laurent’s number lies in matching Chloé’s interval; by symmetry he is larger half the time. The total probability is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
11.
Claire 把一个凸多边形的若干个内角度数相加,得到和为 。随后她发现自己漏掉了一个角。被漏掉的角的度数是多少?
Claire adds the degree measures of the interior angles of a convex polygon and arrives at a sum of She then discovers that she forgot to include one angle. What is the degree measure of the forgotten angle?
小提示:
真正的内角和 是刚好大于 的 的倍数
The true angle sum is a multiple of just above
大提示:
被漏掉的角等于那个倍数减去 ,且必须小于 。
The forgotten angle is that multiple minus and it must be less than
解答:
若多边形有 条边,漏掉的角为 ,则 。因为 ,所以
这个范围内唯一的 的倍数是 ,所以 ,且
所以正确答案是 D。
If the polygon has sides and the forgotten angle is then Since
The only multiple of in this range is so and
Thus, the correct answer is D.
12.
有 匹马,名字分别为 Horse 、Horse 、、Horse 。它们的名字来自它们绕圆形跑道跑一圈所需的分钟数:Horse 恰好用 分钟跑一圈。在时刻 ,所有马都在跑道起点。它们沿同一方向开始奔跑,并以各自恒定速度一直绕跑道跑。所有 匹马再次同时到达起点的最小正时间(分钟)为 ,且 。设 是至少 匹马再次同时在起点的最小正时间(分钟)。 的各位数字之和是多少?
There are horses, named Horse Horse Horse They get their names from how many minutes it takes them to run one lap around a circular race track: Horse runs one lap in exactly minutes. At time all the horses are together at the starting point on the track. The horses start running in the same direction, and they keep running around the circular track at their constant speeds. The least time in minutes, at which all horses will again simultaneously be at the starting point is Let be the least time, in minutes, such that at least of the horses are again at the starting point. What is the sum of the digits of
小提示:
Horse 在时刻 回到起点,当且仅当 整除 。
Horse is back at the start at time exactly when divides
大提示:
找到最小的 ,使它在 到 中至少有 个因数
Find the smallest having at least divisors among through
解答:
Horse 在时刻 位于起点,恰好当 是 的倍数。因此我们需要最小的 ,使它在 中至少有 个因数。
小于 的正整数至多有 个这样的因数,而 可被 和 整除。因此 ,它的各位数字之和是 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Horse is at the starting point at time precisely when is a multiple of So we want the smallest with at least divisors among
The positive integers below have at most divisors, while is divisible by and Thus and the sum of its digits is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
13.
Sharon 通常以恒定速度从她家开车到她母亲家需要 分钟。有一天,Sharon 以通常速度出发,但开了全程的 后遇到严重暴风雪,于是把速度降低了每小时 英里。这次行程总共用了 分钟。从 Sharon 家到她母亲家有多少英里?
Driving at a constant speed, Sharon usually takes minutes to drive from her house to her mother’s house. One day Sharon begins the drive at her usual speed, but after driving of the way, she hits a bad snowstorm and reduces her speed by miles per hour. This time the trip takes her a total of minutes. How many miles is the drive from Sharon’s house to her mother’s house?
小提示:
她通常开车要 小时,所以距离等于通常速度的 倍
Her usual drive is hours, so the distance equals times her usual speed
大提示:
后三分之二路程用 分钟,以降低后的速度行驶
The final two-thirds takes minutes at the reduced speed
解答:
设距离为 英里,通常速度为每小时 英里。由于通常行程为 小时,。
前 路程以速度 行驶,用时 分钟,所以剩下 路程用时 分钟, 小时,速度为 。
最后一段距离为 英里,所以 解得 ,因此 ,。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let the distance be miles and the usual speed mph. Since the usual trip is hours,
The first of the drive takes minutes at speed so the remaining takes minutes hours at speed
That final portion covers miles, so Solving gives so and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
14.
Alice 拒绝坐在 Bob 或 Carla 旁边。Derek 拒绝坐在 Eric 旁边。在这些条件下,他们五个人坐成一排 把椅子有多少种方式?
Alice refuses to sit next to either Bob or Carla. Derek refuses to sit next to Eric. How many ways are there for the five of them to sit in a row of chairs under these conditions?
小提示:
从所有 种坐法开始,减去被禁止的相邻情况
Start from all seatings and subtract the forbidden adjacencies
大提示:
把每个被禁止的配对看作一个块(内部有 种顺序),并使用容斥
Treat each forbidden pair as a block (with internal orders) and apply inclusion-exclusion
解答:
令 ,, 分别表示 Alice-Bob、Alice-Carla、Derek-Eric 相邻的坐法。所求为 。
把一个被禁止的配对看作一个块,得到 。对交集,有 (Alice 在 Bob 和 Carla 中间), ,且 。
由容斥, ,所以答案是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let be the seatings where Alice-Bob, Alice-Carla, and Derek-Eric are adjacent, respectively. The answer is
Treating a forbidden pair as a block gives For intersections, (Alice between Bob and Carla), and
By inclusion-exclusion, so the answer is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
15.
设 ,其中变量 使用弧度制。使 的最小正 落在哪个区间?
Let using radian measure for the variable In what interval does the smallest positive value of for which lie?
答案:D
小提示:
对 ,三项都为正,所以那里没有根
For all three terms are positive, so there is no root there
大提示:
刚过 后, 使 为负;定位 之后的第一次变号
Just past the term makes negative; locate the first sign change after
解答:
对 ,三项都为正,所以 。对 ,令 ,。因为 , 因此在 之前没有根。
当 ,。当 ,,所以 。由介值定理,最小正根位于 。
因为 且 ,这个区间包含在 中。
所以正确答案是 D。
For all three terms are positive, so For set and Since Thus no root occurs before
At At so By the intermediate value theorem the smallest positive root lies in
Since and this interval sits inside
Thus, the correct answer is D.
16.
在下图中,以 和 为圆心、半径分别为 和 的半圆,画在一个以 为直径的半圆内部,并与它共用底边。两个较小的半圆彼此外切,并且都与最大半圆内切。以 为圆心的圆与两个较小半圆外切,并与最大半圆内切。以 为圆心的圆的半径是多少?
In the figure below, semicircles with centers at and and with radii and respectively, are drawn in the interior of, and sharing bases with, a semicircle with diameter The two smaller semicircles are externally tangent to each other and internally tangent to the largest semicircle. A circle centered at is drawn externally tangent to the two smaller semicircles and internally tangent to the largest semicircle. What is the radius of the circle centered at
小提示:
设 为大半圆圆心;则 ,,。
Let be the center of the large semicircle; then
大提示:
从 向 作垂线,并令三个关于高度平方的表达式相等
Drop a perpendicular from to and set the three expressions for its squared height equal
解答:
大半圆半径为 ,圆心 是 的中点。把 放在原点,则沿底边有 、、、。设 处圆的半径为 。
由相切可知 ,,且 。从 向底边作垂线,垂足的水平位置为 ,高度为 ,由勾股定理得
令第一个表达式与中间那个相等,得到 ;令最后一个表达式与中间那个相等,得到 。两式相加得 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The large semicircle has radius and center the midpoint of Placing at the origin, along the base. Let be the radius of the circle at
By tangency, and Dropping a perpendicular from to the base at horizontal position with height the Pythagorean theorem gives
Equating the first expression with the middle one gives while equating the last expression with the middle one gives Adding yields so
Thus, the correct answer is B.
17.
有 个不同的复数 满足 。其中有多少个使得 是实数?
There are different complex numbers such that For how many of these is a real number?
小提示:
对 ,写成 。
Write for
大提示:
此时 ,它为实数当且仅当 为偶数
Then which is real exactly when is even
解答:
这 个解是 次单位根,即 ,其中 。
于是 ,它为实数当且仅当 ,即 为偶数。这个范围内有 个偶数 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The solutions are the th roots of unity, for
Then which is real exactly when i.e. when is even. There are even values of in the range.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
18.
设 表示正整数 的各位数字之和。例如,。对某个正整数 ,有 。下列哪一个可能是 的值?
Let equal the sum of the digits of positive integer For example, For a particular positive integer Which of the following could be the value of
小提示:
如果 恰好以 个九结尾,加 会使数字和减少 ,再增加 。
If ends in exactly nines, adding drops the digit sum by and adds
大提示:
所以 ;检查哪个选项有这种形式
So check which choice has this form
解答:
给 加 通常会使数字和增加 ,但末尾的每个 都会变成 ,使数字和减少 。如果 恰好以 个九结尾,则 。
因此可能值为 在选项中,只有 符合(例如, 可以以四个 结尾,前面有足够多的 )。
所以正确答案是 D。
Adding to increases the digit sum by except that each trailing turns into a losing If ends in exactly nines, then
So the possible values are Among the choices, only fits (for example, ending in four s preceded by enough s).
Thus, the correct answer is D.
19.
一个边长为 的正方形内接于边长为 ,, 的直角三角形中,使得正方形的一个顶点与三角形的直角顶点重合。另一个边长为 的正方形内接于另一个边长为 ,, 的直角三角形中,使得正方形的一条边落在三角形的斜边上。 是多少?
A square with side length is inscribed in a right triangle with sides of length and so that one vertex of the square coincides with the right-angle vertex of the triangle. A square with side length is inscribed in another right triangle with sides of length and so that one side of the square lies on the hypotenuse of the triangle. What is
小提示:
顶点在直角处的正方形边长为 。
A square with its corner at the right angle has side
大提示:
若正方形一边在长度为 的底边上,而到底边的高为 ,则正方形边长为 ;用斜边作底
A square with a side on a base of length and height to that base has side use the hypotenuse as the base
解答:
对第一个正方形,它截出的两个小三角形与整个三角形相似,得到 ,所以 。(等价地,直角处内接正方形的边长为 。)
对第二个正方形,以长度为 的斜边作底;到斜边的高为 。若正方形一边在底边 上,高为 ,则正方形边长为 ,所以
因此 。
所以正确答案是 D。
For the first square, the two smaller triangles it cuts off are similar to the whole triangle, giving so (Equivalently, a square in the right angle has side )
For the second square, take the hypotenuse of length as base; the altitude to it is A square with a side on a base and height has side so
Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is D.
20.
有多少个有序对 满足: 是正实数, 是 到 之间(含端点)的整数,且 ?
How many ordered pairs such that is a positive real number and is an integer between and inclusive, satisfy the equation
小提示:
令 ;方程变为 。
Let the equation becomes
大提示:
要么 ,要么 ;对每个允许的 个底数计数 的个数
Either or count the values for each of the allowed bases
解答:
令 。因为 ,方程为 ,所以 或 。
若 则 ,对所有 个底数都有效。若 则 ,对每个底数给出 个 值,也就是 个有序对。
总共有 个有序对。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let Since the equation is so or
If then valid for every one of the bases. If then giving values of for each base, i.e. pairs.
In total there are ordered pairs.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
21.
集合 按如下方式构造。开始时,。之后尽可能重复下面的操作:如果 是某个多项式 的整数根,其中 且所有系数 都是 中的元素,那么把 加入 。当不能再向 加入新元素时, 有多少个元素?
A set is constructed as follows. To begin, Repeatedly, as long as possible, if is an integer root of some polynomial for some all of whose coefficients are elements of then is put into When no more elements can be added to how many elements does have?
小提示:
由有理根定理,系数在 中的多项式的任意整数根都整除其常数项
By the Rational Root Theorem, any integer root of a polynomial with coefficients in divides its constant term
大提示:
从 出发可得到 ;再说明没有别的数能进入
Starting from reach show nothing else can enter
解答:
使用多项式 ,根 进入 。然后 作为 的根进入,而 由 得到。
现在 有根 ,而 给出 ;接着 和 给出 。此时 。
不会再出现其他整数。用归纳法, 中每个非零元素都整除 。如果规则中使用的多项式常数项为 ,先提出最高可能次幂的 ;任何非零根就成为一个新多项式的根,而其常数项是原多项式的第一个非零系数。由有理根定理,该根整除这个系数;归纳假设说明该系数整除 。因此 有 个元素。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Using the root enters Then enters as a root of and enters from
Now has root and gives then and give At this point
No further integer can appear. Inductively, every nonzero member of divides If a polynomial used in the rule has constant term factor out the largest possible power of any nonzero root is then a root of a polynomial whose constant term is the first nonzero original coefficient. The Rational Root Theorem shows that the root divides this coefficient, which by the inductive hypothesis divides So has elements.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
22.
在笛卡尔坐标平面中画一个正方形,顶点为 、、 和 。一个粒子从 出发。每一秒,它等概率地移动到离当前位置最近的八个格点(坐标均为整数的点)之一,且与之前的移动相互独立。换句话说,粒子从 移动到 、、、、、、 或 中每一点的概率都是 。粒子最终会第一次碰到这个正方形,碰到的位置要么是正方形的 个顶点之一,要么是某条边内部的 个格点之一。它碰到顶点而不是边内部点的概率为 ,其中 和 是互质正整数。 是多少?
A square is drawn in the Cartesian coordinate plane with vertices at and A particle starts at Every second it moves with equal probability to one of the eight lattice points (points with integer coordinates) closest to its current position, independently of its previous moves. In other words, the probability is that the particle will move from to each of or The particle will eventually hit the square for the first time, either at one of the corners of the square or at one of the lattice points in the interior of one of the sides of the square. The probability that it will hit at a corner rather than at an interior point of a side is where and are relatively prime positive integers. What is
小提示:
利用对称性,只追踪三类内部状态:中心、四个轴向邻点和四个对角邻点
By symmetry, track only three interior states: the center, the four edge-midpoint neighbors, and the four diagonal neighbors
大提示:
对每类状态写出碰到顶点的概率方程,并解这个线性方程组求中心处的值
Write hitting-probability equations for each state and solve the linear system for the center’s value
解答:
由对称性,把相关内部点分成三类:、“轴向”点 和“对角”点 。设从 三类点出发最终碰到顶点的概率分别为 。
读出转移概率(例如, 中一点以概率 到 ,以 到 ,以 到 ,并以 到边内部,等等),得到
解得 ,,。所求概率是 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 E。
By symmetry, group the relevant interior points into three types: the “axis” points and the “diagonal” points Let be the probabilities of eventually hitting a corner starting from a point of type
Reading off the transition probabilities (a point in goes to with prob to with to with and to a side interior with etc.) gives
Solving yields The required probability is so
Thus, the correct answer is E.
23.
对某些实数 、 和 ,多项式 有三个不同的根,且 的每个根也是多项式 的根。 是多少?
For certain real numbers and the polynomial has three distinct roots, and each root of is also a root of the polynomial What is
小提示:
因为 的三个根都是 的根,所以对某个额外根 有
Since the three roots of are roots of we have for one extra root
大提示:
比较 项系数求 ,再用
Match the coefficients to find then
解答:
因为 有三个不同的根,且都被四次多项式 共享,所以可写成 ,其中 是剩下的根。展开得
比较 的系数,,所以 。比较 的系数,,所以 。
因此 ,且 ,所以
所以正确答案是 C。
Since has three distinct roots all shared by the quartic we can write for some remaining root Expanding,
Matching the coefficient, so Matching the coefficient, so
Then and so
Thus, the correct answer is C.
24.
四边形 内接于圆 ,且边长为 ,,,。设 和 是 上的点,满足 且 。设 是直线 与过 且平行于 的直线的交点。设 是直线 与过 且平行于 的直线的交点。设 是圆 上除 外还位于直线 上的点。 是多少?
Quadrilateral is inscribed in circle and has sides and Let and be points on such that and Let be the intersection of line and the line through parallel to Let be the intersection of line and the line through parallel to Let be the point on circle other than that lies on line What is
小提示:
平行关系给出 和 。
The parallels give and
大提示:
将这些比例与点的幂结合,得到 ;再用余弦定理求 。
Combine those ratios with Power of a Point to get find via Law of Cosines
解答:
因为 且 ,可得到 和 ,所以 且 。因而 ,所以 。
在点 使用点的幂,,合并可得 。令 ,则 且 ,所以
由于 是圆内接四边形, 与 互补。在 和 中使用余弦定理,得到 ,所以 。因此 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Because and we get and giving and Hence so
Power of a Point at gives and combining yields With and so
Since is cyclic, and are supplementary. The Law of Cosines on and gives so Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is A.
25.
复平面中一个中心对称六边形的顶点集合 为 对每个 ,,从 中随机选择一个元素 ,且各次选择相互独立。设 为所选 个数的乘积。 的概率是多少?
The vertices of a centrally symmetric hexagon in the complex plane are given by For each an element is chosen from at random, independently of the other choices. Let be the product of the numbers selected. What is the probability that
小提示:
两个元素 的模为 ;另外四个元素的模为 。
The two elements have magnitude the other four have magnitude
大提示:
要使 ,需要恰有 个大模因子和 个小模因子,然后再让相位正确
For you need exactly of the large-magnitude factors and of the small ones, then get the phase right
解答:
令 (每个模为 ),令 为另外四个元素 (每个模为 )。由于 强制 且 ,必须恰有 个因子来自 , 个来自 。
个 中元素的乘积等于 (实数),而 个 中元素的乘积等于 中的一个。它们的乘积是 中的一个,且四种结果等可能,所以这些配置中恰有 给出 。
出现 个来自 、 个来自 这种模式的概率为 。再乘以 得到
所以正确答案是 E。
Let (each of magnitude ) and be the other four elements (each of magnitude ). Since forces and exactly factors must come from and from
A product of elements of equals (real), and a product of elements of equals one of Their product is one of each equally likely, so exactly of these configurations give
The chance of landing in the -from-, -from- pattern is Multiplying by gives
Thus, the correct answer is E.