2015 AMC 12A 第 23 题

先试着解答 2015 AMC 12A 第 23 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2015 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

设 SS 是边长为 11 的正方形。在 SS 的边上独立随机选取两个点。这两点之间的直线距离至少为 12\dfrac12 的概率是 a−bπc\dfrac{a - b\pi}{c},其中 aa,bb,和 cc 是正整数且 gcd⁡(a,b,c)=1\gcd(a, b, c) = 1。求 a+b+ca + b + c?
Let SS be a square of side length 1.1. Two points are chosen independently at random on the sides of S.S. The probability that the straight-line distance between the points is at least 12\dfrac12 is a−bπc,\dfrac{a - b\pi}{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers and gcd⁡(a,b,c)=1.\gcd(a, b, c) = 1. What is a+b+c?a + b + c?
5959
6060
6161
6262
6363
答案:A
知识点:几何概率分类讨论
小提示:
根据两个点是否在同一边、对边或相邻边上分类
Condition on whether the two points lie on the same side, opposite sides, or adjacent sides
大提示:
相邻边的情况会通过半径为 12\dfrac12 的四分之一圆产生 π\pi 项
The adjacent-sides case produces the π\pi term via a quarter-circle of radius 12\dfrac12
解答:
第二个点与第一个点在同一边上的概率为 14\dfrac14, 在对边上的概率为 14\dfrac14, 在相邻边上的概率为 12\dfrac12。
对边: 距离总是至少为 1≥121 \ge \dfrac12,概率为 11。
同一边: 对点 (a,0)(a, 0) 和 (b,0)(b, 0), 条件 ∣a−b∣≥12|a - b| \ge \dfrac12 的概率为 14\dfrac14。
相邻边: 对点 (a,0)(a, 0) 和 (0,b)(0, b), 条件 a2+b2≥12\sqrt{a^2 + b^2} \ge \dfrac12 是半径为 12\dfrac12 的四分之一圆外部的区域, 概率为 1−14π(12)2=1−π161 - \dfrac14\pi\left(\dfrac12\right)^2 = 1 - \dfrac{\pi}{16}。
总概率为 14⋅1+14⋅14+12(1−π16)=26−π32。 \begin{aligned} &\dfrac14\cdot 1 + \dfrac14\cdot\dfrac14 \\ &\quad {}+ \dfrac12\left(1 - \dfrac{\pi}{16}\right) \\ &\quad = \dfrac{26 - \pi}{32}\text{。} \end{aligned} 因此 a+b+c=26+1+32=59a + b + c = 26 + 1 + 32 = 59。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The second point is on the same side as the first with probability 14,\dfrac14, on the opposite side with probability 14,\dfrac14, and on an adjacent side with probability 12.\dfrac12.
Opposite sides: the distance is at least 1≥121 \ge \dfrac12 always, probability 1.1.
Same side: for points (a,0)(a, 0) and (b,0),(b, 0), the condition ∣a−b∣≥12|a - b| \ge \dfrac12 has probability 14.\dfrac14.
Adjacent sides: for points (a,0)(a, 0) and (0,b),(0, b), the condition a2+b2≥12\sqrt{a^2 + b^2} \ge \dfrac12 is the region outside a quarter-circle of radius 12,\dfrac12, with probability 1−14π(12)2=1−π16.1 - \dfrac14\pi\left(\dfrac12\right)^2 = 1 - \dfrac{\pi}{16}.
The total probability is 14⋅1+14⋅14+12(1−π16)=26−π32. \begin{aligned} &\dfrac14\cdot 1 + \dfrac14\cdot\dfrac14 \\ &\quad {}+ \dfrac12\left(1 - \dfrac{\pi}{16}\right) \\ &\quad = \dfrac{26 - \pi}{32}. \end{aligned} Thus a+b+c=26+1+32=59.a + b + c = 26 + 1 + 32 = 59.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
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