2014 AMC 12A 第 24 题

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24.

f0(x)=x+x100f_0(x)=x+|x-100| x+100-|x+100|,并对 n1n\ge1, 定义 fn(x)=fn1(x)1f_n(x)=|f_{n-1}(x)|-1。有多少个 xx 值满足 f100(x)=0f_{100}(x)=0

Let f0(x)=x+x100f_0(x)=x+|x-100| x+100,-|x+100|, and for n1,n\ge1, let fn(x)=fn1(x)1.f_n(x)=|f_{n-1}(x)|-1. For how many values of xx is f100(x)=0?f_{100}(x)=0?

299299

300300

301301

302302

303303

答案:C
知识点:绝对值递推交点计数
难度评级:2520
解答:

fn1(x)=±kf_{n-1}(x)=\pm k,则 fn(x)=k1f_n(x)=k-1。因此,如果 f0(x)=±kf_0(x)=\pm k,其中 kk 是非负整数,那么 fk(x)=0f_k(x)=0,此后的值按 0,1,0,0,-1,0,\ldots 交替出现。所以,f100(x)=0f_{100}(x)=0 当且仅当对某个整数 50k50-50\le k\le50,有 f0(x)=2kf_0(x)=2k

函数 f0(x)=x+x100f_0(x)=x+|x-100| x+100-|x+100|x<100x\lt-100 时等于 x+200x+200,在 100x<100-100\le x\lt100 时等于 x-x,在 x100x\ge100 时等于 x200x-200。它的图像是分段直线,转折点为 (100,100)(-100,100)(100,100)(100,-100)

49k49-49\le k\le49 时,直线 y=2ky=2k 与图像有三个交点;当 k=±50k=\pm50 时,各有两个交点。交点总数为 993+22=30199\cdot3+2\cdot2=301

所以正确答案是 C

If fn1(x)=±k,f_{n-1}(x)=\pm k, then fn(x)=k1.f_n(x)=k-1. So if f0(x)=±kf_0(x)=\pm k for a nonnegative integer k,k, then fk(x)=0,f_k(x)=0, after which the sequence alternates 0,1,0,0,-1,0,\ldots Thus f100(x)=0f_{100}(x)=0 exactly when f0(x)=2kf_0(x)=2k for some integer 50k50.-50\le k\le50.

Now f0(x)=x+x100f_0(x)=x+|x-100| x+100-|x+100| equals x+200x+200 for x<100,x\lt-100, x-x for 100x<100,-100\le x\lt100, and x200x-200 for x100.x\ge100. Its graph is piecewise linear with turning points (100,100)(-100,100) and (100,100).(100,-100).

A line y=2ky=2k meets this graph three times for 49k49-49\le k\le49 and twice for k=±50.k=\pm50. The total is 993+22=301.99\cdot3+2\cdot2=301.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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