2008 AMC 12A 第 18 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

18.

边长为 5,65, 677 的三角形 ABCABC 有一个顶点在正 xx-轴上,一个顶点在正 yy-轴上,一个顶点在正 zz-轴上。设 OO 为原点。四面体 OABCOABC 的体积是多少?

Triangle ABC,ABC, with sides of length 5,6,5, 6, and 7,7, has one vertex on the positive xx-axis, one on the positive yy-axis, and one on the positive zz-axis. Let OO be the origin. What is the volume of tetrahedron OABC?OABC?

85\sqrt{85}

90\sqrt{90}

95\sqrt{95}

1010

105\sqrt{105}

答案:C
知识点:立体几何方程组体积
难度评级:1910
解答:

A=(a,0,0)A = (a, 0, 0)B=(0,b,0)B = (0, b, 0)C=(0,0,c)C = (0, 0, c)。于是 a2+b2=25,b2+c2=36,a2+c2=49. \begin{aligned} a^2 + b^2 &= 25, \\ b^2 + c^2 &= 36, \\ a^2 + c^2 &= 49. \end{aligned}

将三个边长方程相加得 a2+b2+c2=55a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 55,所以 a2=19a^2 = 19b2=6b^2 = 6c2=30c^2 = 30

体积为 16abc=1619630=163420=95. \begin{aligned} \dfrac{1}{6}abc &= \dfrac{1}{6}\sqrt{19 \cdot 6 \cdot 30} \\ &= \dfrac{1}{6}\sqrt{3420} \\ &= \sqrt{95}. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 C

Let A=(a,0,0),A = (a, 0, 0), B=(0,b,0),B = (0, b, 0), C=(0,0,c).C = (0, 0, c). Assigning the sides, a2+b2=25,b2+c2=36,a2+c2=49. \begin{aligned} a^2 + b^2 &= 25, \\ b^2 + c^2 &= 36, \\ a^2 + c^2 &= 49. \end{aligned}

Adding gives a2+b2+c2=55,a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 55, so a2=19,a^2 = 19, b2=6,b^2 = 6, and c2=30.c^2 = 30.

The volume is 16abc=1619630=163420=95. \begin{aligned} \dfrac{1}{6}abc &= \dfrac{1}{6}\sqrt{19 \cdot 6 \cdot 30} \\ &= \dfrac{1}{6}\sqrt{3420} \\ &= \sqrt{95}. \end{aligned}

Thus, C is the correct answer.

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