2004 AMC 12B 第 23 题

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23.

多项式 x32004x2+mx+nx^3 - 2004x^2 + mx + n 的系数为整数,并且有三个不同的正零点。其中恰好一个零点是整数,且它等于另外两个零点之和。 nn 可能有多少个值?

The polynomial x32004x2+mx+nx^3 - 2004x^2 + mx + n has integer coefficients and three distinct positive zeros. Exactly one of these is an integer, and it is the sum of the other two. How many values of nn are possible?

250,000250{,}000

250,250250{,}250

250,500250{,}500

250,750250{,}750

251,000251{,}000

答案:C
知识点:韦达定理多项式区间内整数计数
难度评级:2280
解答:

设整数零点为 aa。另外两个零点是无理共轭数 a2±r\dfrac{a}{2} \pm r,它们的和 aa 等于整数零点。 由 x2x^2 项系数的 Vieta 公式,a+a=2004a + a = 2004,所以 a=1002a = 1002,共轭对为 501±r501 \pm r

系数为整数当且仅当 r2r^2 是正整数;零点为正且互不相同当 1r250121=251,0001 \le r^2 \le 501^2 - 1 = 251{,}000。由于 rr 不能是整数,排除 500500 个平方数 r2=12,,5002r^2 = 1^2, \ldots, 500^2,剩下 251,000500=250,500251{,}000 - 500 = 250{,}500nn 的值。

因此正确答案是 C

Let the integer zero be a.a. The other two zeros are irrational conjugates a2±r,\dfrac{a}{2} \pm r, whose sum aa equals the integer zero. Vieta's formula on the x2x^2 coefficient gives a+a=2004,a + a = 2004, so a=1002a = 1002 and the conjugate pair is 501±r.501 \pm r.

The coefficients are integers exactly when r2r^2 is a positive integer, and the zeros are positive and distinct when 1r250121=251,000.1 \le r^2 \le 501^2 - 1 = 251{,}000. Since rr cannot be an integer, we exclude the 500500 perfect-square values r2=12,,5002,r^2 = 1^2, \ldots, 500^2, leaving 251,000500=250,500251{,}000 - 500 = 250{,}500 values of n.n.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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