2004 AMC 12B 真题

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1.

上周每次篮球训练时,Jenny 罚中的球数都是前一次训练罚中球数的两倍。她第五次训练罚中 4848 球。她第一次训练罚中了多少球?

At each basketball practice last week, Jenny made twice as many free throws as she made at the previous practice. At her fifth practice she made 4848 free throws. How many free throws did she make at the first practice?

33

66

99

1212

1515

答案:A
知识点:等比数列逆推法
难度评级:900
小提示:

往前推时,每次训练罚中的球数都是下一次的一半。

Each practice she made half as many as the next practice

大提示:

4848 连续四次除以二,就能回到第一次训练

Halve 4848 four times to reach the first practice

解答:

每次训练罚中球数都是前一次的两倍,所以倒着推要除以二。第五次是 4848,前几次分别是 242412126633 球。

因此正确答案是 A

Each practice she made twice the previous, so going backward we halve. From the fifth practice at 48,48, the earlier practices had 24,24, 12,12, 6,6, and 33 free throws.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

2.

在表达式 cabdc \cdot a^b - d 中,aabbccdd 的值是 00112233,但顺序不一定如此。这个表达式的最大可能值是多少?

In the expression cabd,c \cdot a^b - d, the values of a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd are 0,0, 1,1, 2,2, and 3,3, although not necessarily in that order. What is the maximum possible value of the result?

55

66

88

99

1010

答案:D
难度评级:1000
小提示:

要让结果尽量大,应让 dd 尽量小。

To keep the result large, make dd as small as possible

大提示:

d=0d = 0,再尝试哪个变量取值为 11

Set d=0d = 0 and try each choice of which variable equals 11

解答:

为了使结果最大,取 d=0d = 0。此时 a,b,ca, b, c 分别取 1,2,31, 2, 3 中的不同值;当 c=1c = 1ab=32=9a^b = 3^2 = 9 时,cabc \cdot a^b 最大。这给出 190=91 \cdot 9 - 0 = 9,比 23=82^3 = 8 以及其他分配都大。

因此正确答案是 D

To maximize, set d=0.d = 0. With a,b,ca, b, c taking 1,2,3,1, 2, 3, the term cabc \cdot a^b is largest when c=1c = 1 and ab=32=9.a^b = 3^2 = 9. This gives 190=9,1 \cdot 9 - 0 = 9, which beats 23=82^3 = 8 and the other assignments.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

3.

xxyy 是正整数,且 2x3y=12962^x 3^y = 1296,则 x+yx + y 的值是多少?

If xx and yy are positive integers for which 2x3y=1296,2^x 3^y = 1296, what is the value of x+y?x + y?

88

99

1010

1111

1212

答案:A
难度评级:980
小提示:

12961296 分解成 2233 的幂。

Factor 12961296 into powers of 22 and 33

大提示:

1296=64=24341296 = 6^4 = 2^4 \cdot 3^4

1296=64=24341296 = 6^4 = 2^4 \cdot 3^4

解答:

分解得 1296=64=24341296 = 6^4 = 2^4 \cdot 3^4。比较指数可得 x=4x = 4y=4y = 4,所以 x+y=8x + y = 8

因此正确答案是 A

Factoring, 1296=64=2434.1296 = 6^4 = 2^4 \cdot 3^4. Matching exponents gives x=4x = 4 and y=4,y = 4, so x+y=8.x + y = 8.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

4.

从满足 10x9910 \le x \le 99 的整数中选一个整数 xx。若所有选择等可能,xx 的至少一个数字是 77 的概率是多少?

An integer x,x, with 10x99,10 \le x \le 99, is to be chosen. If all choices are equally likely, what is the probability that at least one digit of xx is a 7?7?

19\dfrac{1}{9}

15\dfrac{1}{5}

1990\dfrac{19}{90}

29\dfrac{2}{9}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

答案:B
难度评级:1100
小提示:

分别数个位是 77 的两位数和十位是 77 的两位数。

Count two-digit numbers with a 77 in the units place and with a 77 in the tens place

大提示:

7777 在两组中都被数到,所以要减去一次。

7777 is counted in both groups, so subtract it once

解答:

10109999 共有 9090 个整数。个位是 77 的有十个,十位是 77 的有九个。由于 7777 被重复计算,所以至少有一个 77 的数共有 10+91=1810 + 9 - 1 = 18 个。概率为 1890=15\dfrac{18}{90} = \dfrac{1}{5}

因此正确答案是 B

There are 9090 integers from 1010 to 99.99. Ten have a units digit 7,7, and nine have a tens digit 7.7. Since 7777 is counted twice, there are 10+91=1810 + 9 - 1 = 18 with at least one 7.7. The probability is 1890=15.\dfrac{18}{90} = \dfrac{1}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

5.

Isabella 从美国去加拿大旅行,带了 dd 美元。在边境她把钱全部兑换,每 77 美元可换 1010 加元。花掉 6060 加元后,她还剩 dd 加元。dd 的各位数字之和是多少?

On a trip from the United States to Canada, Isabella took dd U.S. dollars. At the border she exchanged them all, receiving 1010 Canadian dollars for every 77 U.S. dollars. After spending 6060 Canadian dollars, she had dd Canadian dollars left. What is the sum of the digits of d?d?

55

66

77

88

99

答案:A
难度评级:1150
小提示:

dd 美元可兑换成 10d7\dfrac{10d}{7} 加元。

Exchanging dd U.S. dollars gives 10d7\dfrac{10d}{7} Canadian dollars

大提示:

建立方程 10d760=d\dfrac{10d}{7} - 60 = d,并求出 dd

Set 10d760=d\dfrac{10d}{7} - 60 = d and solve for dd

解答:

兑换后得到 10d7\dfrac{10d}{7} 加元。花掉 6060 后,她有 10d760=d\dfrac{10d}{7} - 60 = d。因此 3d7=60\dfrac{3d}{7} = 60,所以 d=140d = 140,数字和为 1+4+0=51 + 4 + 0 = 5

因此正确答案是 A

Exchanging gives 10d7\dfrac{10d}{7} Canadian dollars. After spending 60,60, she has 10d760=d.\dfrac{10d}{7} - 60 = d. Then 3d7=60,\dfrac{3d}{7} = 60, so d=140.d = 140. The sum of its digits is 1+4+0=5.1 + 4 + 0 = 5.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

6.

明尼阿波利斯-圣保罗国际机场位于圣保罗市中心西南 88 英里处,且位于明尼阿波利斯市中心东南 1010 英里处。下列哪一个最接近圣保罗市中心和明尼阿波利斯市中心之间的英里数?

Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport is 88 miles southwest of downtown St. Paul and 1010 miles southeast of downtown Minneapolis. Which of the following is closest to the number of miles between downtown St. Paul and downtown Minneapolis?

1313

1414

1515

1616

1717

答案:A
知识点:勾股定理估算
难度评级:1190
小提示:

西南方向和东南方向互相垂直。

Southwest and southeast directions are perpendicular

大提示:

距离是 102+82\sqrt{10^2 + 8^2},然后估算。

The distance is 102+82,\sqrt{10^2 + 8^2}, then estimate

解答:

西南和东南方向互相垂直,所以机场位于一个直角三角形的直角顶点,两条直角边长为 881010。两个市中心之间的距离为 102+82=16412.8\sqrt{10^2 + 8^2} = \sqrt{164} \approx 12.8,最接近 1313

因此正确答案是 A

Southwest and southeast are perpendicular, so the airport sits at the right angle of a right triangle with legs 88 and 10.10. The distance between downtowns is 102+82=16412.8,\sqrt{10^2 + 8^2} = \sqrt{164} \approx 12.8, closest to 13.13.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

7.

一个正方形边长为 1010,一个圆以该正方形的一个顶点为圆心,半径为 1010。正方形和圆所围成区域的并集面积是多少?

A square has sides of length 10,10, and a circle centered at one of its vertices has radius 10.10. What is the area of the union of the regions enclosed by the square and the circle?

200+25π200 + 25\pi

100+75π100 + 75\pi

75+100π75 + 100\pi

100+100π100 + 100\pi

100+125π100 + 125\pi

答案:B
难度评级:1220
小提示:

正方形与圆的重叠部分是圆的四分之一。

The overlap of the square and circle is a quarter of the circle

大提示:

并集面积 =[正方形]= [\text{正方形}] +[]+ [\text{圆}] [四分之一圆]- [\text{四分之一圆}]

Union =[square]= [\text{square}] +[circle]+ [\text{circle}] [quarter circle]- [\text{quarter circle}]

解答:

正方形面积为 100100,圆面积为 100π100\pi。二者重叠部分是位于正方形内的四分之一圆,面积为 25π25\pi。并集面积为 100+100π25π=100+75π100 + 100\pi - 25\pi = 100 + 75\pi

因此正确答案是 B

The square has area 100100 and the circle has area 100π.100\pi. Their overlap is the quarter of the circle lying inside the square, with area 25π.25\pi. The union is 100+100π25π=100+75π.100 + 100\pi - 25\pi = 100 + 75\pi.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

8.

一位杂货商摆放罐头,最上面一排有一个罐头,每下面一排都比上一排多两个罐头。若这个陈列共有 100100 个罐头,它有多少排?

A grocer makes a display of cans in which the top row has one can and each lower row has two more cans than the row above it. If the display contains 100100 cans, how many rows does it contain?

55

88

99

1010

1111

答案:D
难度评级:1220
小提示:

各排罐头数为 1,3,5,1, 3, 5, \ldots,即奇数。

The row counts are 1,3,5,,1, 3, 5, \ldots, the odd numbers

大提示:

nn 个奇数之和为 n2n^2

The sum of the first nn odd numbers is n2n^2

解答:

各排罐头数为 1,3,5,,(2n1)1, 3, 5, \ldots, (2n - 1),前 nn 个奇数之和为 n2n^2。令 n2=100n^2 = 100,得 n=10n = 10

因此正确答案是 D

The rows contain 1,3,5,,(2n1)1, 3, 5, \ldots, (2n - 1) cans, and the sum of the first nn odd numbers is n2.n^2. Setting n2=100n^2 = 100 gives n=10.n = 10.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

9.

(3,2)(-3, 2) 绕原点顺时针旋转 9090^\circ 得到点 BB。然后点 BB 关于直线 y=xy = x 反射得到点 CCCC 的坐标是什么?

The point (3,2)(-3, 2) is rotated 9090^\circ clockwise around the origin to point B.B. Point BB is then reflected in the line y=xy = x to point C.C. What are the coordinates of C?C?

(3,2)(-3, -2)

(2,3)(-2, -3)

(2,3)(2, -3)

(2,3)(2, 3)

(3,2)(3, 2)

答案:E
知识点:变换坐标几何
难度评级:1350
小提示:

顺时针旋转 9090^\circ 会把 (x,y)(x, y) 变为 (y,x)(y, -x)

A 9090^\circ clockwise rotation sends (x,y)(x, y) to (y,x)(y, -x)

大提示:

关于 y=xy = x 反射会交换两个坐标。

Reflecting in y=xy = x swaps the coordinates

解答:

(3,2)(-3, 2) 顺时针旋转 9090^\circ,按 (x,y)(y,x)(x, y) \to (y, -x),得到 B=(2,3)B = (2, 3)。关于 y=xy = x 反射会交换坐标,所以 C=(3,2)C = (3, 2)

因此正确答案是 E

Rotating (3,2)(-3, 2) by 9090^\circ clockwise sends (x,y)(y,x),(x, y) \to (y, -x), giving B=(2,3).B = (2, 3). Reflecting in y=xy = x swaps coordinates, giving C=(3,2).C = (3, 2).

Thus, the correct answer is E.

10.

圆环是两个同心圆之间的区域。图中的同心圆半径分别为 bbcc,其中 b>cb \gt c。令 OX\overline{OX} 为大圆的一条半径,XZ\overline{XZ}ZZ 处与小圆相切,OY\overline{OY} 是经过 ZZ 的大圆半径。令 a=XZa = XZd=YZd = YZe=XYe = XY。这个圆环的面积是多少?

An annulus is the region between two concentric circles. The concentric circles in the figure have radii bb and c,c, with b>c.b \gt c. Let OX\overline{OX} be a radius of the larger circle, let XZ\overline{XZ} be tangent to the smaller circle at Z,Z, and let OY\overline{OY} be the radius of the larger circle that contains Z.Z. Let a=XZ,a = XZ, d=YZ,d = YZ, and e=XY.e = XY. What is the area of the annulus?

πa2\pi a^2

πb2\pi b^2

πc2\pi c^2

πd2\pi d^2

πe2\pi e^2

答案:A
难度评级:1460
小提示:

圆环面积为 πb2πc2\pi b^2 - \pi c^2

The annulus area is πb2πc2\pi b^2 - \pi c^2

大提示:

因为 XZ\overline{XZ} 是切线,OZX\triangle OZXZZ 处为直角,所以 b2c2=a2b^2 - c^2 = a^2

Since XZ\overline{XZ} is tangent, OZX\triangle OZX is right-angled at Z,Z, so b2c2=a2b^2 - c^2 = a^2

解答:

圆环面积为 πb2πc2\pi b^2 - \pi c^2。因为 XZ\overline{XZ}ZZ 处与小圆相切,所以它垂直于半径 OZ\overline{OZ},于是 OZX\triangle OZXZZ 处为直角。由此 b2=c2+a2b^2 = c^2 + a^2,所以 b2c2=a2b^2 - c^2 = a^2,面积为 πa2\pi a^2

因此正确答案是 A

The annulus area is πb2πc2.\pi b^2 - \pi c^2. Because XZ\overline{XZ} is tangent to the smaller circle at Z,Z, it is perpendicular to radius OZ,\overline{OZ}, so OZX\triangle OZX is right-angled at Z.Z. Then b2=c2+a2,b^2 = c^2 + a^2, giving b2c2=a2.b^2 - c^2 = a^2. The area is πa2.\pi a^2.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

11.

代数课上的所有学生都参加了一次满分 100100 分的考试。五名学生得了 100100 分,每名学生至少得 6060 分,平均分为 7676。这个班最少可能有多少名学生?

All the students in an algebra class took a 100100-point test. Five students scored 100,100, each student scored at least 60,60, and the mean score was 76.76. What is the smallest possible number of students in the class?

1010

1111

1212

1313

1414

答案:D
难度评级:1440
小提示:

把每个分数看成与平均分 7676 的差。

Measure each score as its deviation from the mean 7676

大提示:

五个 100100 分一共比平均分高 120120 分;每个其他学生最多比平均分低 1616 分。

The five 100100s are 120120 points above the mean; each other student is at most 1616 below it

解答:

每个 100100 分比平均分 76762424 分,所以五个学生共高出 120120 分。这些必须由低于平均分的分数抵消,而每个剩余学生最多低 7660=1676 - 60 = 16 分。因此至少需要 12016=7.5\dfrac{120}{16} = 7.5,即 88 名额外学生,总数为 1313。五个 100100 分和八个 6161 分可以达到这一情况。

因此正确答案是 D

Each score of 100100 is 2424 above the mean, so the five contribute 120120 points above 76.76. These must be balanced by points below the mean, and each remaining student is at most 7660=1676 - 60 = 16 below. So at least 12016=7.5,\dfrac{120}{16} = 7.5, hence 88 more students are needed, for a total of 13.13. Five 100100s and eight 6161s achieve this.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

12.

在数列 200120012002200220032003\ldots 中,从第四项起,每一项等于前两项之和减去前一项。例如第四项为 2001+20022003=20002001 + 2002 - 2003 = 2000。这个数列的第 20042004 项是多少?

In the sequence 2001,2001, 2002,2002, 2003,2003, ,\ldots, each term after the third is found by subtracting the previous term from the sum of the two terms that precede that term. For example, the fourth term is 2001+20022003=2000.2001 + 2002 - 2003 = 2000. What is the 20042004th term in this sequence?

2004-2004

2-2

00

40034003

60076007

答案:C
难度评级:1500
小提示:

写出若干项来寻找规律。

Write out several terms to spot a pattern

大提示:

偶数项 2002,2000,1998,2002, 2000, 1998, \ldots 构成等差数列。

The even-indexed terms 2002,2000,1998,2002, 2000, 1998, \ldots form an arithmetic progression

解答:

递推给出 20012001200220022003200320002000200520051998,1998, \ldots。偶数项为 2002,2000,1998,2002, 2000, 1998, \ldots,每次减少 22

更确切地说,用归纳法可以验证 a2k=20042ka_{2k} = 2004 - 2ka2k+1=2001+2ka_{2k+1} = 2001 + 2k。因此 a2004=a21002=20042(1002)=0 \begin{aligned} a_{2004} &= a_{2\cdot1002} \\ &= 2004 - 2(1002) = 0 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此正确答案是 C

The rule gives 2001,2001, 2002,2002, 2003,2003, 2000,2000, 2005,2005, 1998,1998, \ldots The even-indexed terms are 2002,2000,1998,,2002, 2000, 1998, \ldots, decreasing by 2.2.

More precisely, the recurrence verifies inductively that a2k=20042ka_{2k} = 2004 - 2k and a2k+1=2001+2k.a_{2k+1} = 2001 + 2k. Therefore a2004=a21002=20042(1002)=0. \begin{aligned} a_{2004} &= a_{2\cdot1002} \\ &= 2004 - 2(1002) = 0. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

13.

f(x)=ax+bf(x) = ax + b,且 f1(x)=bx+af^{-1}(x) = bx + a,其中 aabb 为实数,则 a+ba + b 的值是多少?

If f(x)=ax+bf(x) = ax + b and f1(x)=bx+af^{-1}(x) = bx + a with aa and bb real, what is the value of a+b?a + b?

2-2

1-1

00

11

22

答案:A
知识点:函数方程组
难度评级:1580
小提示:

使用 f(f1(x))=xf(f^{-1}(x)) = x

Use f(f1(x))=xf(f^{-1}(x)) = x

大提示:

展开 a(bx+a)+b=xa(bx + a) + b = x,得到 ab=1ab = 1a2+b=0a^2 + b = 0

Expanding a(bx+a)+b=xa(bx + a) + b = x gives ab=1ab = 1 and a2+b=0a^2 + b = 0

解答:

因为 f(f1(x))=xf(f^{-1}(x)) = x,所以 a(bx+a)+b=xa(bx + a) + b = x。比较系数得 ab=1ab = 1a2+b=0a^2 + b = 0。于是 b=1ab = \frac{1}{a},且 a2+1a=0a^2 + \frac{1}{a} = 0,所以 a3=1a^3 = -1 得到 a=1a = -1b=1b = -1。因此 a+b=2a + b = -2

因此正确答案是 A

Since f(f1(x))=x,f(f^{-1}(x)) = x, we have a(bx+a)+b=x.a(bx + a) + b = x. Matching terms gives ab=1ab = 1 and a2+b=0.a^2 + b = 0. Then b=1ab = \frac{1}{a} and a2+1a=0,a^2 + \frac{1}{a} = 0, so a3=1,a^3 = -1, giving a=1a = -1 and b=1.b = -1. Thus a+b=2.a + b = -2.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

14.

ABC\triangle ABC 中,AB=13AB = 13AC=5AC = 5BC=12BC = 12。点 MMNN 分别在 AC\overline{AC}BC\overline{BC} 上,且 CM=CN=4CM = CN = 4。点 JJKKAB\overline{AB} 上,使得 MJ\overline{MJ}NK\overline{NK} 都垂直于 AB\overline{AB}。五边形 CMJKNCMJKN 的面积是多少?

In ABC,\triangle ABC, AB=13,AB = 13, AC=5AC = 5 and BC=12.BC = 12. Points MM and NN lie on AC\overline{AC} and BC,\overline{BC}, respectively, with CM=CN=4.CM = CN = 4. Points JJ and KK are on AB\overline{AB} so that MJ\overline{MJ} and NK\overline{NK} are perpendicular to AB.\overline{AB}. What is the area of pentagon CMJKN?CMJKN?

1515

815\dfrac{81}{5}

20512\dfrac{205}{12}

24013\dfrac{240}{13}

2020

答案:D
难度评级:1680
小提示:

因为 52+122=1325^2 + 12^2 = 13^2ABC\triangle ABCCC 处为直角。

ABC\triangle ABC is right-angled at CC since 52+122=1325^2 + 12^2 = 13^2

大提示:

AMJ\triangle AMJNBK\triangle NBKABC\triangle ABC 相似,斜边分别为 AM=1AM = 1BN=8BN = 8

AMJ\triangle AMJ and NBK\triangle NBK are similar to ABC\triangle ABC with hypotenuses AM=1AM = 1 and BN=8BN = 8

解答:

因为 52+122=1325^2 + 12^2 = 13^2ABC\triangle ABCCC 处为直角,面积为 12(5)(12)=30\tfrac12 (5)(12) = 30。小直角三角形 AMJ\triangle AMJNBK\triangle NBK 都与 ABC\triangle ABC 相似,斜边分别为 AM=54=1AM = 5 - 4 = 1BN=124=8BN = 12 - 4 = 8。它们的面积为 (113)2(30)\left(\dfrac{1}{13}\right)^2 (30)(813)2(30)\left(\dfrac{8}{13}\right)^2 (30)

五边形是剩余部分:(1116964169)(30)=104169(30)=24013 \begin{gathered} \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{169} - \dfrac{64}{169}\right)(30) \\ {}= \dfrac{104}{169}(30) = \dfrac{240}{13} \end{gathered}\text{。}

因此正确答案是 D

Since 52+122=132,5^2 + 12^2 = 13^2, ABC\triangle ABC is right-angled at CC with area 12(5)(12)=30.\tfrac12 (5)(12) = 30. The small right triangles AMJ\triangle AMJ and NBK\triangle NBK are each similar to ABC,\triangle ABC, with hypotenuses AM=54=1AM = 5 - 4 = 1 and BN=124=8.BN = 12 - 4 = 8. Their areas are (113)2(30)\left(\dfrac{1}{13}\right)^2 (30) and (813)2(30).\left(\dfrac{8}{13}\right)^2 (30).

The pentagon is what remains: (1116964169)(30)=104169(30)=24013. \begin{gathered} \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{169} - \dfrac{64}{169}\right)(30) \\ {}= \dfrac{104}{169}(30) = \dfrac{240}{13}. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

15.

Jack 年龄的两个数字与 Bill 年龄的两个数字相同,但顺序相反。五年后,Jack 的年龄将是 Bill 那时年龄的两倍。他们现在年龄的差是多少?

The two digits in Jack’s age are the same as the digits in Bill’s age, but in reverse order. In five years Jack will be twice as old as Bill will be then. What is the difference in their current ages?

99

1818

2727

3636

4545

答案:B
难度评级:1510
小提示:

设 Jack 的年龄为 10x+y10x + y,Bill 的年龄为 10y+x10y + x

Let Jack be 10x+y10x + y and Bill be 10y+x10y + x

大提示:

10x+y+5=2(10y+x+5)10x + y + 5 = 2(10y + x + 5) 化简为 8x=19y+58x = 19y + 5

10x+y+5=2(10y+x+5)10x + y + 5 = 2(10y + x + 5) simplifies to 8x=19y+58x = 19y + 5

解答:

设 Jack 为 10x+y10x + y,Bill 为 10y+x10y + x,则 10x+y+5=2(10y+x+5)10x + y + 5 = 2(10y + x + 5),所以 8x=19y+58x = 19y + 5。检验数字,只有 y=1,x=3y = 1, x = 3 可行,因此 Jack 是 3131 岁,Bill 是 1313 岁。差为 3113=1831 - 13 = 18

因此正确答案是 B

Let Jack be 10x+y10x + y and Bill be 10y+x.10y + x. Then 10x+y+5=2(10y+x+5),10x + y + 5 = 2(10y + x + 5), so 8x=19y+5.8x = 19y + 5. Testing digits, only y=1,x=3y = 1, x = 3 works, so Jack is 3131 and Bill is 13.13. The difference is 3113=18.31 - 13 = 18.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

16.

函数 ff 定义为 f(z)=izf(z) = i\overline{z},其中 i=1i = \sqrt{-1}z\overline{z}zz 的复共轭。有多少个 zz 同时满足 z=5|z| = 5f(z)=zf(z) = z

A function ff is defined by f(z)=iz,f(z) = i\overline{z}, where i=1i = \sqrt{-1} and z\overline{z} is the complex conjugate of z.z. How many values of zz satisfy both z=5|z| = 5 and f(z)=z?f(z) = z?

00

11

22

44

88

答案:C
知识点:复数坐标几何
难度评级:1610
小提示:

写成 z=x+iyz = x + iy,并计算 izi\overline{z}

Write z=x+iyz = x + iy and compute izi\overline{z}

大提示:

f(z)=zf(z) = z 会强制 y=xy = x,这是一条直线;再与圆 z=5|z| = 5 相交。

f(z)=zf(z) = z forces y=x,y = x, a line; intersect it with the circle z=5|z| = 5

解答:

z=x+iyz = x + iyf(z)=i(xiy)=y+ixf(z) = i(x - iy) = y + ix。令 f(z)=zf(z) = zy=xy = x,这是一条过原点的直线。条件 z=5|z| = 5 是一个圆,过圆心的直线与圆相交于 22 个点。

因此正确答案是 C

Writing z=x+iy,z = x + iy, we get f(z)=i(xiy)=y+ix.f(z) = i(x - iy) = y + ix. Setting f(z)=zf(z) = z gives y=x,y = x, which is a line through the origin. The condition z=5|z| = 5 is a circle, and a line through the center meets the circle in 22 points.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

17.

对某些实数 aabb,方程 8x3+4ax2+2bx+a=08x^3 + 4ax^2 + 2bx + a = 0 有三个不同的正根。若这些根的以 22 为底的对数之和为 55,则 aa 的值是多少?

For some real numbers aa and b,b, the equation 8x3+4ax2+2bx+a=08x^3 + 4ax^2 + 2bx + a = 0 has three distinct positive roots. If the sum of the base-22 logarithms of the roots is 5,5, what is the value of a?a?

256-256

64-64

8-8

6464

256256

答案:A
知识点:韦达定理对数
难度评级:1770
小提示:

根的 log2\log_2 之和等于根的乘积的 log2\log_2

The sum of log2\log_2 of the roots equals log2\log_2 of their product

大提示:

对于 8x3++a8x^3 + \cdots + a 根的乘积为 a8-\dfrac{a}{8}

For 8x3++a,8x^3 + \cdots + a, the product of the roots is a8-\dfrac{a}{8}

解答:

22 为底的对数之和为 log2(r1r2r3)=5\log_2(r_1 r_2 r_3) = 5,所以 r1r2r3=25=32r_1 r_2 r_3 = 2^5 = 32。由 Vieta 公式,方程 8x3+4ax2+2bx+a8x^3 + 4ax^2 + 2bx + a 的根的乘积为 a8-\dfrac{a}{8}。因此 a8=32-\dfrac{a}{8} = 32 得到 a=256a = -256

因此正确答案是 A

The sum of the base-22 logarithms is log2(r1r2r3)=5,\log_2(r_1 r_2 r_3) = 5, so r1r2r3=25=32.r_1 r_2 r_3 = 2^5 = 32. By Vieta’s formulas on 8x3+4ax2+2bx+a,8x^3 + 4ax^2 + 2bx + a, the product of the roots is a8.-\dfrac{a}{8}. Thus a8=32,-\dfrac{a}{8} = 32, giving a=256.a = -256.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

18.

AABB 在抛物线 y=4x2+7x1y = 4x^2 + 7x - 1 上,且原点是 AB\overline{AB} 的中点。ABAB 的长度是多少?

Points AA and BB are on the parabola y=4x2+7x1,y = 4x^2 + 7x - 1, and the origin is the midpoint of AB.\overline{AB}. What is the length of AB?AB?

252\sqrt{5}

5+225 + \dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}

5+25 + \sqrt{2}

77

525\sqrt{2}

答案:E
难度评级:1740
小提示:

B=(a,b)B = (a, b),则 A=(a,b)A = (-a, -b)

If B=(a,b),B = (a, b), then A=(a,b)A = (-a, -b)

大提示:

将两个点都代入抛物线方程,然后把方程相减。

Substitute both points into the parabola and subtract the equations

解答:

B=(a,b)B = (a, b)A=(a,b)A = (-a, -b)。则 4a2+7a1=b4a^2 + 7a - 1 = b,且 4a27a1=b4a^2 - 7a - 1 = -b。相减得 14a=2b14a = 2b,所以 b=7ab = 7a。再由 4a2+7a1=7a4a^2 + 7a - 1 = 7aa2=14a^2 = \dfrac14,且 b2=49a2=494b^2 = 49a^2 = \dfrac{49}{4}。因此 AB=2a2+b2AB = 2\sqrt{a^2 + b^2} =2504=52= 2\sqrt{\dfrac{50}{4}} = 5\sqrt{2}

因此正确答案是 E

Let B=(a,b)B = (a, b) and A=(a,b).A = (-a, -b). Then 4a2+7a1=b4a^2 + 7a - 1 = b and 4a27a1=b.4a^2 - 7a - 1 = -b. Subtracting gives 14a=2b,14a = 2b, so b=7a.b = 7a. Then 4a2+7a1=7a4a^2 + 7a - 1 = 7a gives a2=14,a^2 = \dfrac14, and b2=49a2=494.b^2 = 49a^2 = \dfrac{49}{4}. So AB=2a2+b2AB = 2\sqrt{a^2 + b^2} =2504=52.= 2\sqrt{\dfrac{50}{4}} = 5\sqrt{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

19.

一个截锥有水平底面,两个底面半径分别为 181822。一个球与截锥的上底面、下底面和侧面都相切。这个球的半径是多少?

A truncated cone has horizontal bases with radii 1818 and 2.2. A sphere is tangent to the top, bottom, and lateral surface of the truncated cone. What is the radius of the sphere?

66

454\sqrt{5}

99

1010

636\sqrt{3}

答案:A
知识点:圆锥切线
难度评级:1870
小提示:

取过轴的截面:它是一个内切圆的等腰梯形。

Take the cross-section through the axis: an isosceles trapezoid with an inscribed circle

大提示:

切线长关系给出斜边长 18+2=2018 + 2 = 20;作高得到一个直角三角形。

Tangent lengths give a slant side of 18+2=20;18 + 2 = 20; drop a height to form a right triangle

解答:

轴截面是梯形 ABCDABCD,平行边长为 221818,且有一个内切圆(球的大圆)。从 BBCC 引出的切线段长度相等,所以斜边 BC=18+2=20BC = 18 + 2 = 20。从 CC 向下底作垂线,得到一个水平直角边为 182=1618 - 2 = 16 的直角三角形,所以高为 202162=12\sqrt{20^2 - 16^2} = 12。球的半径是高的一半,即 66

因此正确答案是 A

The axial cross-section is a trapezoid ABCDABCD with parallel sides 22 and 1818 and an inscribed circle (a great circle of the sphere). By equal tangent lengths from BB and C,C, the slant side BC=18+2=20.BC = 18 + 2 = 20. Dropping a perpendicular from CC to the bottom base gives a right triangle with horizontal leg 182=16,18 - 2 = 16, so the height is 202162=12.\sqrt{20^2 - 16^2} = 12. The sphere’s radius is half the height, 6.6.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

20.

一个立方体的每个面都独立地以概率 12\tfrac12 涂成红色或蓝色。这个涂色立方体能被放在水平面上,使得四个竖直面颜色全相同的概率是多少?

Each face of a cube is painted either red or blue, each with probability 12.\tfrac12. The color of each face is determined independently. What is the probability that the painted cube can be placed on a horizontal surface so that the four vertical faces are all the same color?

14\dfrac{1}{4}

516\dfrac{5}{16}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

716\dfrac{7}{16}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:B
难度评级:1890
小提示:

共有 26=642^6 = 64 种等可能的涂色。

There are 26=642^6 = 64 equally likely colorings

大提示:

统计全部 66 面同色、恰好 55 面同色,或 4-24\text{-}2 分布且少数颜色在相对两面的情况。

Count arrangements with all 6,6, exactly 5,5, or a 4-24\text{-}2 split on opposite faces

解答:

共有 26=642^6 = 64 种涂色。存在合适摆放方式的情况包括:六个面全同色(22 种),恰好五个面同色( 26=122 \cdot 6 = 12 种),或四个面为一种颜色且另外两个面为另一种颜色并位于相对面( 23=62 \cdot 3 = 6 种)。共有 2+12+6=202 + 12 + 6 = 20 种有利涂色,所以概率为 2064=516\dfrac{20}{64} = \dfrac{5}{16}

因此正确答案是 B

There are 26=642^6 = 64 colorings. A suitable orientation exists when all six faces are one color (22 ways), exactly five faces are one color (26=122 \cdot 6 = 12 ways), or four faces are one color with the other color on a pair of opposite faces (23=62 \cdot 3 = 6 ways). That is 2+12+6=202 + 12 + 6 = 20 favorable colorings, so the probability is 2064=516.\dfrac{20}{64} = \dfrac{5}{16}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

21.

方程 2x2+xy+3y22x^2 + xy + 3y^2 11x20y+40=0- 11x - 20y + 40 = 0 的图像是在 xyxy 平面第一象限内的一个椭圆。令 aabb 分别为椭圆上所有点 (x,y)(x, y)yx\dfrac{y}{x} 的最大值和最小值。a+ba + b 的值是多少?

The graph of 2x2+xy+3y22x^2 + xy + 3y^2 11x20y+40=0- 11x - 20y + 40 = 0 is an ellipse in the first quadrant of the xyxy-plane. Let aa and bb be the maximum and minimum values of yx\dfrac{y}{x} over all points (x,y)(x, y) on the ellipse. What is the value of a+b?a + b?

33

10\sqrt{10}

72\dfrac{7}{2}

92\dfrac{9}{2}

2142\sqrt{14}

答案:C
难度评级:2080
小提示:

yx\dfrac{y}{x} 的极值来自与椭圆相切的直线 y=mxy = mx

The extreme values of yx\dfrac{y}{x} come from lines y=mxy = mx tangent to the ellipse

大提示:

代入 y=mxy = mx,并令所得关于 xx 的二次方程的判别式为零。

Substitute y=mxy = mx and set the discriminant of the resulting quadratic in xx to zero

解答:

斜率 aabb 是使直线 y=mxy = mx 与椭圆恰好交于一点的 mm 值。代入得 (3m2+m+2)x2(20m+11)x+40=0 \begin{aligned} &(3m^2 + m + 2)x^2 \\ &\quad {}- (20m + 11)x + 40 = 0\text{。} \end{aligned} 令判别式为零,得到 80m2+280m199=0-80m^2 + 280m - 199 = 0。由 Vieta 公式,a+b=28080=72a + b = \dfrac{280}{80} = \dfrac{7}{2}

因此正确答案是 C

The slopes aa and bb are the values of mm for which y=mxy = mx meets the ellipse in exactly one point. Substituting gives (3m2+m+2)x2(20m+11)x+40=0. \begin{aligned} &(3m^2 + m + 2)x^2 \\ &\quad {}- (20m + 11)x + 40 = 0. \end{aligned} Setting its discriminant to zero yields 80m2+280m199=0.-80m^2 + 280m - 199 = 0. By Vieta’s formulas, a+b=28080=72.a + b = \dfrac{280}{80} = \dfrac{7}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

22.

方阵 50bcdefgh2\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline 50 & b & c \\ \hline d & e & f \\ \hline g & h & 2 \\ \hline \end{array} 是一个乘法幻方。也就是说,每一行、每一列和每条对角线上的数的乘积都相同。若所有项都是正整数,gg 的可能值之和是多少?

The square 50bcdefgh2\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline 50 & b & c \\ \hline d & e & f \\ \hline g & h & 2 \\ \hline \end{array} is a multiplicative magic square. That is, the product of the numbers in each row, column, and diagonal is the same. If all the entries are positive integers, what is the sum of the possible values of g?g?

1010

2525

3535

6262

136136

答案:C
难度评级:1940
小提示:

利用相等的乘积,把每一项都用 bb 表示。

Express every entry in terms of bb using the equal products

大提示:

角上的关系强制 c=20bc = \dfrac{20}{b}d=4bd = \dfrac{4}{b},所以 b{1,2,4}b \in \{1, 2, 4\}

The corner relations force c=20bc = \dfrac{20}{b} and d=4b,d = \dfrac{4}{b}, so b{1,2,4}b \in \{1, 2, 4\}

解答:

由各行、列、对角线乘积相等,可把每一项都写成关于 bb 的式子:h=100bh = \dfrac{100}{b}g=100cg = \dfrac{100}{c}f=100df = \dfrac{100}{d}。比较行和列得 c=20bc = \dfrac{20}{b}d=4bd = \dfrac{4}{b},因此 g=5bg = 5b,且 e=10e = 10

所有项都是正整数当且仅当 b=1,2b = 1, 2,或 44,对应 g=5,10,20g = 5, 10, 20。它们的和为 3535

因此正确答案是 C

From the equal row, column, and diagonal products, every entry can be written in terms of b:b: h=100b,h = \dfrac{100}{b}, g=100c,g = \dfrac{100}{c}, f=100d.f = \dfrac{100}{d}. Comparing rows and columns gives c=20bc = \dfrac{20}{b} and d=4b,d = \dfrac{4}{b}, hence g=5bg = 5b and e=10.e = 10.

All entries are positive integers exactly when b=1,2,b = 1, 2, or 4,4, giving g=5,10,20.g = 5, 10, 20. Their sum is 35.35.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

23.

多项式 x32004x2+mx+nx^3 - 2004x^2 + mx + n 的系数为整数,并且有三个不同的正零点。其中恰好一个零点是整数,且它等于另外两个零点之和。nn 可能有多少个值?

The polynomial x32004x2+mx+nx^3 - 2004x^2 + mx + n has integer coefficients and three distinct positive zeros. Exactly one of these is an integer, and it is the sum of the other two. How many values of nn are possible?

250,000250{,}000

250,250250{,}250

250,500250{,}500

250,750250{,}750

251,000251{,}000

答案:C
难度评级:2280
小提示:

整数零点等于另外两个零点之和,而另外两个零点必须是共轭数 a2±r\dfrac{a}{2} \pm r

The integer zero is the sum of the other two, which must be conjugates a2±r\dfrac{a}{2} \pm r

大提示:

整数零点是 20042004 的一半,所以是 10021002;然后数合法的 r2r^2

The integer zero is half of 2004,2004, so it is 1002;1002; then count valid r2r^2

解答:

设整数零点为 aa。另外两个零点是无理共轭数 a2±r\dfrac{a}{2} \pm r,它们的和 aa 等于整数零点。由 x2x^2 项系数的 Vieta 公式,a+a=2004a + a = 2004,所以 a=1002a = 1002,共轭对为 501±r501 \pm r

系数为整数当且仅当 r2r^2 是正整数;零点为正且互不相同当 1r250121=251,0001 \le r^2 \le 501^2 - 1 = 251{,}000。由于 rr 不能是整数,排除 500500 个平方数 r2=12,,5002r^2 = 1^2, \ldots, 500^2,剩下 251,000500=250,500251{,}000 - 500 = 250{,}500nn 的值。

因此正确答案是 C

Let the integer zero be a.a. The other two zeros are irrational conjugates a2±r,\dfrac{a}{2} \pm r, whose sum aa equals the integer zero. Vieta’s formula on the x2x^2 coefficient gives a+a=2004,a + a = 2004, so a=1002a = 1002 and the conjugate pair is 501±r.501 \pm r.

The coefficients are integers exactly when r2r^2 is a positive integer, and the zeros are positive and distinct when 1r250121=251,000.1 \le r^2 \le 501^2 - 1 = 251{,}000. Since rr cannot be an integer, we exclude the 500500 perfect-square values r2=12,,5002,r^2 = 1^2, \ldots, 500^2, leaving 251,000500=250,500251{,}000 - 500 = 250{,}500 values of n.n.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

24.

ABC\triangle ABC 中,AB=BCAB = BC,且 BD\overline{BD} 是高。点 EEAC\overline{AC} 的延长线上,且 BE=10BE = 10tanCBE\tan \angle CBEtanDBE\tan \angle DBEtanABE\tan \angle ABE 的值构成等比数列,而 cotDBE\cot \angle DBEcotCBE\cot \angle CBEcotDBC\cot \angle DBC 的值构成等差数列。ABC\triangle ABC 的面积是多少?

In ABC,\triangle ABC, AB=BC,AB = BC, and BD\overline{BD} is an altitude. Point EE is on the extension of AC\overline{AC} such that BE=10.BE = 10. The values of tanCBE,\tan \angle CBE, tanDBE,\tan \angle DBE, and tanABE\tan \angle ABE form a geometric progression, and the values of cotDBE,\cot \angle DBE, cotCBE,\cot \angle CBE, cotDBC\cot \angle DBC form an arithmetic progression. What is the area of ABC?\triangle ABC?

1616

503\dfrac{50}{3}

10310\sqrt{3}

858\sqrt{5}

1818

答案:B
难度评级:2390
小提示:

DBE=α\angle DBE = \alphaDBC=β\angle DBC = \beta;则 CBE=αβ\angle CBE = \alpha - \betaABE=α+β\angle ABE = \alpha + \beta

Let DBE=α\angle DBE = \alpha and DBC=β;\angle DBC = \beta; then CBE=αβ\angle CBE = \alpha - \beta and ABE=α+β\angle ABE = \alpha + \beta

大提示:

等比数列给出 tan(αβ)tan(α+β)=tan2α\tan(\alpha - \beta)\tan(\alpha + \beta) = \tan^2\alpha,这会推出 α=45\alpha = 45^\circ

The geometric progression gives tan(αβ)tan(α+β)=tan2α,\tan(\alpha - \beta)\tan(\alpha + \beta) = \tan^2\alpha, which forces α=45\alpha = 45^\circ

解答:

DBE=α\angle DBE = \alphaDBC=β\angle DBC = \beta。由于 BD\overline{BD} 是等腰三角形的高,CBE=αβ\angle CBE = \alpha - \beta,且 ABE=α+β\angle ABE = \alpha + \beta。等比数列给出 tan(αβ)tan(α+β)=tan2α\tan(\alpha - \beta)\tan(\alpha + \beta) = \tan^2\alpha,化简为 tan2β(tan4α1)=0\tan^2\beta(\tan^4\alpha - 1) = 0,所以 tanα=1\tan\alpha = 1α=45\alpha = 45^\circ

DC=aDC = aBD=bBD = b,等差数列 cotDBE\cot\angle DBEcotCBE\cot\angle CBEcotDBC\cot\angle DBC 变为 1,b+aba,ba1, \dfrac{b + a}{b - a}, \dfrac{b}{a},从而推出 b=3ab = 3a。又 BE=10BE = 10,且 DBE=45\angle DBE = 45^\circ,所以 b=BE2=52b = \dfrac{BE}{\sqrt2} = 5\sqrt2,于是 a=523a = \dfrac{5\sqrt2}{3}

ABC\triangle ABC 的面积为 12(AC)(BD)=ab\tfrac12 (AC)(BD) = ab =52523= 5\sqrt2 \cdot \dfrac{5\sqrt2}{3} =503= \dfrac{50}{3}

因此正确答案是 B

Let DBE=α\angle DBE = \alpha and DBC=β.\angle DBC = \beta. Since BD\overline{BD} is the altitude of the isosceles triangle, CBE=αβ\angle CBE = \alpha - \beta and ABE=α+β.\angle ABE = \alpha + \beta. The geometric progression gives tan(αβ)tan(α+β)=tan2α,\tan(\alpha - \beta)\tan(\alpha + \beta) = \tan^2\alpha, which simplifies to tan2β(tan4α1)=0,\tan^2\beta(\tan^4\alpha - 1) = 0, so tanα=1\tan\alpha = 1 and α=45.\alpha = 45^\circ.

Writing DC=aDC = a and BD=b,BD = b, the arithmetic progression cotDBE,\cot\angle DBE, cotCBE,\cot\angle CBE, cotDBC\cot\angle DBC becomes 1,b+aba,ba,1, \dfrac{b + a}{b - a}, \dfrac{b}{a}, forcing b=3a.b = 3a. With BE=10BE = 10 and DBE=45,\angle DBE = 45^\circ, we get b=BE2=52,b = \dfrac{BE}{\sqrt2} = 5\sqrt2, so a=523.a = \dfrac{5\sqrt2}{3}.

The area of ABC\triangle ABC is 12(AC)(BD)=ab\tfrac12 (AC)(BD) = ab =52523= 5\sqrt2 \cdot \dfrac{5\sqrt2}{3} =503.= \dfrac{50}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

25.

已知 220042^{2004} 是一个 604604 位数,且首位数字是 11,集合 S={20,21,22,,22003}S = \{2^0, 2^1, 2^2, \ldots, 2^{2003}\} 中有多少个元素的首位数字是 44

Given that 220042^{2004} is a 604604-digit number whose first digit is 1,1, how many elements of the set S={20,21,22,,22003}S = \{2^0, 2^1, 2^2, \ldots, 2^{2003}\} have a first digit of 4?4?

194194

195195

196196

197197

198198

答案:B
知识点:数字找规律
难度评级:2360
小提示:

2k2^k 的位数恰好在首位数字导致进位时增加 11

The number of digits of 2k2^k increases by 11 exactly when its leading digit forces a carry

大提示:

一个 22 的幂首位是 8899,当且仅当前一个幂的首位是 44

A power of 22 has leading digit 88 or 99 precisely when the previous power has leading digit 44

解答:

具有任意固定位数的最小 22 的幂位于 10k10^k210k2\cdot10^k 之间,所以首位数字为 11。因为 220042^{2004} 是以 11 开头的 604604 位数,它是位数为 604604 的第一个幂。因此集合 SS 对从 11603603 的每一种位数恰含一个首位为 11 的数,共 603603 个。

在每个首位为 11 的幂之后,下一个幂的首位为 2233,再下一个幂的首位为 4,5,64, 5, 6,或 77。所以有 603603 个元素首位为 2233,另有 603603 个元素首位从 4477,剩余 20043(603)=1952004 - 3(603) = 195 个元素首位为 8899

最后,把首位为 8899 的幂除以二,会得到前一个首位为 44 的幂;把任意首位为 44 的幂乘以二正好是逆操作。这是一个双射,所以首位数字为 44 的元素有 195195 个。

所以正确答案是 B

The smallest power of 22 with any given digit-count lies between 10k10^k and 210k,2\cdot10^k, so it has leading digit 1.1. Because 220042^{2004} is a 604604-digit number beginning with 1,1, it is the first 604604-digit power. Thus the powers in SS contain exactly one leading-11 number for each digit-count from 11 through 603,603, or 603603 in all.

After each leading-11 power, the next power leads with 22 or 3,3, and the following power leads with 4,5,6,4, 5, 6, or 7.7. Hence 603603 elements lead with 22 or 3,3, another 603603 lead with 44 through 7,7, and the remaining 20043(603)=1952004 - 3(603) = 195 lead with 88 or 9.9.

Finally, halving a power that leads with 88 or 99 produces the preceding power with leading digit 4,4, and doubling any leading-44 power reverses this. This is a bijection, so there are 195195 elements with first digit 4.4.

Thus, the correct answer is B.