2002 AMC 12A 第 16 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

16.

Tina 从集合 {1,2,3,4,5}\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\} 中随机选择两个不同的数,Sergio 从集合 {1,2,,10}\{1, 2, \ldots, 10\} 中随机选择一个数。Sergio 选的数大于 Tina 所选两个数之和的概率是多少?

Tina randomly selects two distinct numbers from the set {1,2,3,4,5},\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}, and Sergio randomly selects a number from the set {1,2,,10}.\{1, 2, \ldots, 10\}. The probability that Sergio's number is larger than the sum of the two numbers chosen by Tina is

25\dfrac{2}{5}

920\dfrac{9}{20}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

1120\dfrac{11}{20}

2425\dfrac{24}{25}

答案:A
知识点:基本概率分类讨论
难度评级:1630
解答:

Tina 的十个数对的和为 3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,93, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9。 对于和 ss, Sergio 的数大于它的概率为 10s10\dfrac{10 - s}{10}

相应的 10s10 - s 值为 7,6,5,5,4,4,3,3,2,17, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 总和为 4040。 总概率为 401010=25\dfrac{40}{10\cdot 10} = \dfrac{2}{5}

因此,正确答案是 A

Tina's ten pairs have sums 3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,9.3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9. For a sum s,s, Sergio's number exceeds it with probability 10s10.\dfrac{10 - s}{10}.

The corresponding values of 10s10 - s are 7,6,5,5,4,4,3,3,2,1,7, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, totaling 40.40. The overall probability is 401010=25.\dfrac{40}{10\cdot 10} = \dfrac{2}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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