2024 AMC 12B 第 16 题

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16.

1616 个人要被分成若干不可区分的 44 人委员会。每个委员会有一名主席和一名秘书。不同分配方式数可写为 3rM3^r M,其中 rrMM 是正整数,且 MM 不被 33 整除。求 rr

A group of 1616 people will be partitioned into indistinguishable 44-person committees. Each committee will have one chairperson and one secretary. The number of different ways to make these assignments can be written as 3rM,3^r M, where rr and MM are positive integers and MM is not divisible by 3.3. What is r?r?

55

66

77

88

99

答案:A
知识点:乘法原理勒让德公式
难度评级:1860
解答:

1616 人分成 44 个不可区分的 44 人组有 16!(4!)44!\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4\, 4!} 种。每个委员会选主席和秘书有 43=124 \cdot 3 = 12 种选择,贡献因子 12412^4。所以总数为 16!(4!)44!124\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4\,4!}\cdot 12^4

只计数因子 3316!16! 贡献 16/3+16/9=6\lfloor 16/3\rfloor + \lfloor 16/9\rfloor = 6 个;分母 (4!)44!(4!)^4\,4! 贡献 4+1=54 + 1 = 5 个;而 124=(223)412^4 = (2^2\cdot 3)^4 贡献 44 个。因此 r=65+4=5r = 6 - 5 + 4 = 5

所以正确答案是 A

The number of ways to split 1616 people into 44 indistinguishable groups of 44 is 16!(4!)44!.\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4\, 4!}. Each committee then chooses a chairperson and a secretary in 43=124 \cdot 3 = 12 ways, contributing 124.12^4. So the total is 16!(4!)44!124.\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4\,4!}\cdot 12^4.

Counting factors of 3:3: 16!16! contributes 16/3+16/9=6.\lfloor 16/3\rfloor + \lfloor 16/9\rfloor = 6. The denominator (4!)44!(4!)^4\,4! contributes 4+1=5.4 + 1 = 5. And 124=(223)412^4 = (2^2\cdot 3)^4 contributes 4.4. Thus r=65+4=5.r = 6 - 5 + 4 = 5.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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