2024 AMC 12B 第 16 题

先试着解答 2024 AMC 12B 第 16 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2024 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

16.

1616 个人要被分成 44 个不可区分的 44 人委员会。每个委员会有一名主席和一名秘书。不同分配方式数可写为 3rM3^r M,其中 rr、MM 是正整数,且 MM 不被 33 整除。求 rr。
A group of 1616 people will be partitioned into 44 indistinguishable 44-person committees. Each committee will have one chairperson and one secretary. The number of different ways to make these assignments can be written as 3rM,3^r M, where rr and MM are positive integers and MM is not divisible by 3.3. What is r?r?
55
66
77
88
99
答案:A
知识点:乘法原理勒让德公式
小提示:
分配数为 16!(4!)4 4!⋅124\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4\, 4!} \cdot 12^4,因为每个委员会有 4⋅3=124 \cdot 3 = 12 种主席和秘书的选择。
The number of assignments is 16!(4!)4 4!⋅124,\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4\, 4!} \cdot 12^4, where each committee contributes 4⋅3=124 \cdot 3 = 12 chair-and-secretary choices
大提示:
只追踪 33 的幂:16!16! 给出 363^6,分母 (4!)4 4!(4!)^4\,4! 给出 353^5,12412^4 给出 343^4
Track only powers of 3:3: 16!16! gives 36,3^6, the denominator (4!)4 4!(4!)^4\,4! gives 35,3^5, and 12412^4 gives 343^4
解答:
将 1616 人分成 44 个不可区分的 44 人组有 16!(4!)4 4!\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4\, 4!} 种。每个委员会选主席和秘书有 4⋅3=124 \cdot 3 = 12 种选择,贡献因子 12412^4。所以总数为 16!(4!)4 4!⋅124\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4\,4!}\cdot 12^4。
只计数因子 33:16!16! 贡献 ⌊163⌋+⌊169⌋=6\lfloor \frac{16}{3}\rfloor + \lfloor \frac{16}{9}\rfloor = 6 个;分母 (4!)4 4!(4!)^4\,4! 贡献 4+1=54 + 1 = 5 个;而 124=(22⋅3)412^4 = (2^2\cdot 3)^4 贡献 44 个。因此 r=6−5+4=5r = 6 - 5 + 4 = 5。
所以正确答案是 A。
The number of ways to split 1616 people into 44 indistinguishable groups of 44 is 16!(4!)4 4!.\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4\, 4!}. Each committee then chooses a chairperson and a secretary in 4⋅3=124 \cdot 3 = 12 ways, contributing 124.12^4. So the total is 16!(4!)4 4!⋅124.\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4\,4!}\cdot 12^4.
Counting factors of 3:3: 16!16! contributes ⌊163⌋+⌊169⌋=6.\lfloor \frac{16}{3}\rfloor + \lfloor \frac{16}{9}\rfloor = 6. The denominator (4!)4 4!(4!)^4\,4! contributes 4+1=5.4 + 1 = 5. And 124=(22⋅3)412^4 = (2^2\cdot 3)^4 contributes 4.4. Thus r=6−5+4=5.r = 6 - 5 + 4 = 5.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
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