2018 AMC 12A 第 23 题

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23.

PAT\triangle PAT 中,P=36\angle P = 36^\circA=56\angle A = 56^\circ,且 PA=10PA = 10。点 UUGG 分别在边 TP\overline{TP}TA\overline{TA} 上,使得 PU=AG=1PU = AG = 1。设 MMNN 分别为线段 PA\overline{PA}UG\overline{UG} 的中点。直线 MNMNPAPA 所成锐角的度数是多少?

In PAT,\triangle PAT, P=36,\angle P = 36^\circ, A=56,\angle A = 56^\circ, and PA=10.PA = 10. Points UU and GG lie on sides TP\overline{TP} and TA,\overline{TA}, respectively, so that PU=AG=1.PU = AG = 1. Let MM and NN be the midpoints of segments PA\overline{PA} and UG,\overline{UG}, respectively. What is the degree measure of the acute angle formed by lines MNMN and PA?PA?

7676

7777

7878

7979

8080

答案:E
知识点:导角中点平行四边形
难度评级:2370
解答:

PNPN 经过 NN 延长到 QQ,使 PN=NQPN = NQ。 因为 NNUGUGPQPQ 的中点,四边形 UPGQUPGQ 是平行四边形,所以 GQPTGQ \parallel PTGQ=PU=1=AGGQ = PU = 1 = AG。 因此 QGA\angle QGA =180T= 180^\circ - \angle T =P+A= \angle P + \angle A =36+56=92= 36^\circ + 56^\circ = 92^\circ, 等腰三角形 QGAQGA 给出 QAG=12(18092)=44\angle QAG = \tfrac12(180^\circ - 92^\circ) = 44^\circ

因为 M,NM, N 是中点,MNMNQPA\triangle QPA 的中位线,所以 MNAQMN \parallel AQ,并且 因此直线 MNMNPAPA 所成锐角为 180100=80180^\circ - 100^\circ = 80^\circNMP=QAP=QAG+GAP=44+56=100. \begin{aligned} \angle NMP &= \angle QAP \\ &= \angle QAG + \angle GAP \\ &= 44^\circ + 56^\circ = 100^\circ. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 E

Extend PNPN through NN to QQ with PN=NQ.PN = NQ. Since NN is the midpoint of UGUG and of PQ,PQ, the quadrilateral UPGQUPGQ is a parallelogram, so GQPTGQ \parallel PT and GQ=PU=1=AG.GQ = PU = 1 = AG. Then QGA\angle QGA =180T= 180^\circ - \angle T =P+A= \angle P + \angle A =36+56=92,= 36^\circ + 56^\circ = 92^\circ, and the isosceles triangle QGAQGA gives QAG=12(18092)=44.\angle QAG = \tfrac12(180^\circ - 92^\circ) = 44^\circ.

Because M,NM, N are midpoints, MNMN is a midline of QPA,\triangle QPA, so MNAQMN \parallel AQ and NMP=QAP=QAG+GAP=44+56=100. \begin{aligned} \angle NMP &= \angle QAP \\ &= \angle QAG + \angle GAP \\ &= 44^\circ + 56^\circ = 100^\circ. \end{aligned} The acute angle between line MNMN and PAPA is therefore 180100=80.180^\circ - 100^\circ = 80^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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