2017 AMC 12B 第 23 题

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23.

y=f(x)y = f(x) 的图像中,f(x)f(x) 是一个 33 次多项式,且图像包含点 A(2,4)A(2, 4)B(3,9)B(3, 9)C(4,16)C(4, 16)。直线 ABABACACBCBC 分别再次与图像相交于点 DDEEFF。若 DDEEFFxx-坐标之和为 2424,那么 f(0)f(0) 是多少?

The graph of y=f(x),y = f(x), where f(x)f(x) is a polynomial of degree 3,3, contains points A(2,4),A(2, 4), B(3,9),B(3, 9), and C(4,16).C(4, 16). Lines AB,AB, AC,AC, and BCBC intersect the graph again at points D,D, E,E, and F,F, respectively, and the sum of the xx-coordinates of D,D, E,E, and FF is 24.24. What is f(0)?f(0)?

2-2

00

22

245\dfrac{24}{5}

88

答案:D
知识点:韦达定理多项式
难度评级:2370
解答:

A,B,CA, B, C 都在 y=x2y = x^2 上,所以 g(x)=f(x)x2g(x) = f(x) - x^22,3,42, 3, 4 为根,即 g(x)=a(x2)(x3)(x4)g(x) = a(x-2)(x-3)(x-4),其中 a0a \ne 0x3x^3x2x^2ff 中的系数分别为 aa19a1 - 9a,因此由韦达定理,f(x)L(x)f(x) - L(x)(对任意一次函数 LL)的三个根之和为 91a9 - \tfrac1a。直线 AB,AC,BCAB, AC, BC 与三次曲线相交的三个横坐标集合分别为 {2,3,xD}\{2, 3, x_D\}{2,4,xE}\{2, 4, x_E\}{3,4,xF}\{3, 4, x_F\},所以 解得 a=15a = -\tfrac15。因此 f(x)=x2f(x) = x^2 15(x2)(x3)(x4)- \tfrac15(x-2)(x-3)(x-4),所以 f(0)=015(2)(3)(4)f(0) = 0 - \tfrac15(-2)(-3)(-4) =245= \tfrac{24}{5}xD+xE+xF=3(91a)2(2+3+4)=93a=24, \begin{aligned} &x_D + x_E + x_F \\ &\quad {}= 3\left(9 - \tfrac1a\right) \\ &\quad {}- 2(2 + 3 + 4) \\ &\quad {}= 9 - \tfrac3a = 24, \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 D

The points A,B,CA, B, C lie on y=x2,y = x^2, so g(x)=f(x)x2g(x) = f(x) - x^2 has roots 2,3,4:2, 3, 4: g(x)=a(x2)(x3)(x4)g(x) = a(x-2)(x-3)(x-4) for some a0.a \ne 0. The coefficients of x3x^3 and x2x^2 in ff are aa and 19a,1 - 9a, so by Vieta the three roots of f(x)L(x)f(x) - L(x) (for any linear LL) sum to 91a.9 - \tfrac1a. The lines AB,AC,BCAB, AC, BC meet the cubic in triples {2,3,xD},\{2, 3, x_D\}, {2,4,xE},\{2, 4, x_E\}, {3,4,xF},\{3, 4, x_F\}, so xD+xE+xF=3(91a)2(2+3+4)=93a=24, \begin{aligned} &x_D + x_E + x_F \\ &\quad {}= 3\left(9 - \tfrac1a\right) \\ &\quad {}- 2(2 + 3 + 4) \\ &\quad {}= 9 - \tfrac3a = 24, \end{aligned} giving a=15.a = -\tfrac15. Then f(x)=x2f(x) = x^2 15(x2)(x3)(x4),- \tfrac15(x-2)(x-3)(x-4), so f(0)=015(2)(3)(4)f(0) = 0 - \tfrac15(-2)(-3)(-4) =245.= \tfrac{24}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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