2005 AMC 12A 第 23 题

先试着解答 2005 AMC 12A 第 23 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2005 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

随机选择两个不同的数 aa 和 bb,它们都来自集合 {2,22,23,…,225}\{2, 2^2, 2^3, \ldots, 2^{25}\}。log⁡ab\log_a b 为整数的概率是多少?
Two distinct numbers aa and bb are chosen randomly from the set {2,22,23,…,225}.\{2, 2^2, 2^3, \ldots, 2^{25}\}. What is the probability that log⁡ab\log_a b is an integer?
225\dfrac{2}{25}
31300\dfrac{31}{300}
13100\dfrac{13}{100}
750\dfrac{7}{50}
12\dfrac{1}{2}
答案:B
知识点:整除性取整函数基本概率
小提示:
写 a=2ja = 2^j、b=2kb = 2^k,则 log⁡ab=kj\log_a b = \dfrac{k}{j}。
Write a=2ja = 2^j and b=2k,b = 2^k, so log⁡ab=kj\log_a b = \dfrac{k}{j}
大提示:
对每个 jj,数出 jj 在 1,…,251, \ldots, 25 中的倍数;排除 jj 本身后,个数为 ⌊25j⌋−1\left\lfloor \tfrac{25}{j} \right\rfloor - 1。
For each j,j, count the multiples of jj among 1,…,251, \ldots, 25 other than jj itself, namely ⌊25j⌋−1\left\lfloor \tfrac{25}{j} \right\rfloor - 1
解答:
设 a=2ja = 2^j,b=2kb = 2^k。则 log⁡ab=kj\log_a b = \dfrac{k}{j},它为整数当且仅当 kk 是 jj 的倍数。
对每个 jj,满足 k≠jk \ne j 且位于 {1,…,25}\{1, \ldots, 25\} 中的有效指数共有 ⌊25j⌋−1\left\lfloor \tfrac{25}{j} \right\rfloor - 1 个。对 jj 求和得到 24+11+7+5+4+3+2+2+4⋅1=62 \begin{aligned} &24 + 11 + 7 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 \\ &\quad {}+ 2 + 4 \cdot 1 = 62 \end{aligned} 个有序对 (a,b)(a, b)。
总共有 25⋅24=60025 \cdot 24 = 600 个有序不同对,所以概率为 62600=31300\dfrac{62}{600} = \dfrac{31}{300}。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let a=2ja = 2^j and b=2k.b = 2^k. Then log⁡ab=kj,\log_a b = \dfrac{k}{j}, which is an integer exactly when kk is a multiple of j.j.
For each j,j, the number of valid k≠jk \ne j in {1,…,25}\{1, \ldots, 25\} is ⌊25j⌋−1.\left\lfloor \tfrac{25}{j} \right\rfloor - 1. Summing over jj gives 24+11+7+5+4+3+2+2+4⋅1=62 \begin{aligned} &24 + 11 + 7 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 \\ &\quad {}+ 2 + 4 \cdot 1 = 62 \end{aligned} ordered pairs (a,b).(a, b).
Since there are 25⋅24=60025 \cdot 24 = 600 ordered pairs of distinct elements, the probability is 62600=31300.\dfrac{62}{600} = \dfrac{31}{300}.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
LIVE by Po-Shen Loh
LIVE项目

LIVE直播课程

Self-Paced录播课程

启明星Star计划

奖学金项目

关于我们

罗博深是谁?

邮件联系

订阅英文简报

加入我们

申请明星导师

For a more Thought Full world.

© 2026 Expii, Inc.