2021 AMC 12A Fall 第 24 题

先试着解答 2021 AMC 12A Fall 第 24 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2021 AMC 12A Fall 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

24.

凸四边形 ABCDABCD 满足 AB=18AB = 18、∠A=60∘\angle A = 60^\circ,且 AB‾∥CD‾\overline{AB} \parallel \overline{CD}。四条边的长度按某种顺序构成一个等差数列,并且边 ABAB 是最大长度的边。另一条边的长度为 aa。所有可能的 aa 值之和是多少?
Convex quadrilateral ABCDABCD has AB=18,AB = 18, ∠A=60∘,\angle A = 60^\circ, and AB‾∥CD‾.\overline{AB} \parallel \overline{CD}. In some order, the lengths of the four sides form an arithmetic progression, and side ABAB is a side of maximum length. The length of another side is a.a. What is the sum of all possible values of a?a?
2424
4242
6060
6666
8484
答案:E
知识点:梯形等差数列分类讨论
小提示:
因为 AB=18AB = 18 是最大值,四边长为 18,18−d,18−2d,18−3d18, 18 - d, 18 - 2d, 18 - 3d;令 A=(0,0)A = (0,0),B=(18,0)B = (18,0),并把 DD 放在 60∘60^\circ 方向上
With AB=18AB = 18 the maximum, the four sides are 18,18−d,18−2d,18−3d;18, 18 - d, 18 - 2d, 18 - 3d; place A=(0,0),A = (0,0), B=(18,0),B = (18,0), and DD at angle 60∘60^\circ
大提示:
对三条较短边分配给 BC,CD,DABC, CD, DA 的每种方式,要求 CD‾\overline{CD} 水平并解出 dd;还要包括公差 d=0d = 0 的情形
For each assignment of the three smaller lengths to BC,CD,DA,BC, CD, DA, impose that CD‾\overline{CD} is horizontal and solve for d;d; also include common difference d=0d = 0
解答:
因为 AB=18AB = 18 是最大边,四条边为 18,18−d,18−2d,18−3d18, 18 - d, 18 - 2d, 18 - 3d。取 A=(0,0)A = (0,0),B=(18,0)B = (18,0),D=(m2,m32)D = \left(\tfrac{m}{2}, \tfrac{m\sqrt3}{2}\right),其中 m=DAm=DA,令 n=CDn=CD 且 ℓ=BC\ell=BC。则 C=(m2+n,m32)C=(\tfrac m2+n,\tfrac{m\sqrt3}{2}),所以 ℓ2=m2+(18−n)2−m(18−n)。 \begin{aligned} \ell^2&=m^2+(18-n)^2 \\ &\quad {}-m(18-n) \end{aligned}\text{。}
令 uj=18−jdu_j=18-jd,其中 j=1,2,3j=1,2,3。将 (u1,u2,u3)(u_1,u_2,u_3) 的排列 123,132,213,231,312,321123,132,213,231,312,321 依次代入 (m,n,ℓ)(m,n,\ell),得到非零候选值 d=18,2,9,5,6,6d=18,2,9,5,6,6,因为 u3u_3 为正要求 d<6d<6,所以只留下 d=2d=2 和 d=5d=5。情形 d=0d=0 也给出一个有效的菱形。
因此边长集合为 {18,16,14,12}\{18,16,14,12\},{18,13,8,3}\{18,13,8,3\},和 {18,18,18,18}\{18,18,18,18\}。
非 ABAB 边长的可能值为 {3,8,12,13,14,16,18}\{3, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18\},其和为 8484。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Since AB=18AB = 18 is the largest, the four sides are 18,18−d,18−2d,18−3d.18, 18 - d, 18 - 2d, 18 - 3d. Placing A=(0,0),A = (0,0), B=(18,0),B = (18,0), and D=(m2,m32)D = \left(\tfrac{m}{2}, \tfrac{m\sqrt3}{2}\right) with m=DA,m=DA, let n=CDn=CD and ℓ=BC.\ell=BC. Then C=(m2+n,m32),C=(\tfrac m2+n,\tfrac{m\sqrt3}{2}), so ℓ2=m2+(18−n)2−m(18−n). \begin{aligned} \ell^2&=m^2+(18-n)^2 \\ &\quad {}-m(18-n). \end{aligned}
Write uj=18−jdu_j=18-jd for j=1,2,3.j=1,2,3. Substituting the permutations 123,132,213,231,312,321123,132,213,231,312,321 of (u1,u2,u3)(u_1,u_2,u_3) for (m,n,ℓ)(m,n,\ell) gives the nonzero candidates d=18,2,9,5,6,6,d=18,2,9,5,6,6, respectively. Positivity of u3u_3 requires d<6,d<6, leaving only d=2d=2 and d=5.d=5. The case d=0d=0 also gives a valid rhombus.
Thus the side sets are {18,16,14,12},\{18,16,14,12\}, {18,13,8,3},\{18,13,8,3\}, and {18,18,18,18}.\{18,18,18,18\}.
The possible values of a non-ABAB side length are {3,8,12,13,14,16,18},\{3, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18\}, whose sum is 84.84.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
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