2020 AMC 12A 第 16 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

16.

在坐标平面中,从顶点为 (0,0)(0, 0)(2020,0)(2020, 0)(2020,2020)(2020, 2020)(0,2020)(0, 2020) 的正方形内随机选取一点。该点在某个格点的 dd 个单位以内的概率为 12\tfrac12。(若点 (x,y)(x, y)xxyy 都是整数,则称它为格点。)dd 四舍五入到十分位是多少?

A point is chosen at random within the square in the coordinate plane whose vertices are (0,0),(0, 0), (2020,0),(2020, 0), (2020,2020),(2020, 2020), and (0,2020).(0, 2020). The probability that the point is within dd units of a lattice point is 12.\tfrac12. (A point (x,y)(x, y) is a lattice point if xx and yy are both integers.) What is dd to the nearest tenth?

0.30.3

0.40.4

0.50.5

0.60.6

0.70.7

答案:B
知识点:几何概率圆面积格点
难度评级:1730
解答:

由周期性,只需考虑一个四个角都是格点的单位格子。距离某个角不超过 dd 的区域由四个半径为 dd 的四分之一圆盘组成,合成一个面积为 πd2\pi d^2 的完整圆盘。 12\tfrac12

πd2=12\pi d^2 = \tfrac12 得到 d=12π0.399d = \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2\pi}} \approx 0.399

四舍五入到十分位,d=0.4d = 0.4

因此,正确答案是 B

By periodicity it suffices to consider one unit cell with a lattice point at each corner. The region within dd of a corner consists of four quarter-disks of radius d,d, forming one full disk of area πd2.\pi d^2. The resulting value will be less than 12,\tfrac12, so these quarter-disks do not overlap.

Setting πd2=12\pi d^2 = \tfrac12 gives d=12π0.399.d = \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2\pi}} \approx 0.399.

To the nearest tenth, d=0.4.d = 0.4.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

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