2020 AMC 12A 第 16 题

先试着解答 2020 AMC 12A 第 16 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2020 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

16.

在坐标平面中,从顶点为 (0,0)(0, 0)、(2020,0)(2020, 0)、(2020,2020)(2020, 2020) 和 (0,2020)(0, 2020) 的正方形内随机选取一点。该点在某个格点的 dd 个单位以内的概率为 12\tfrac12。(若点 (x,y)(x, y) 的 xx 和 yy 都是整数,则称它为格点。)dd 四舍五入到十分位是多少?
A point is chosen at random within the square in the coordinate plane whose vertices are (0,0),(0, 0), (2020,0),(2020, 0), (2020,2020),(2020, 2020), and (0,2020).(0, 2020). The probability that the point is within dd units of a lattice point is 12.\tfrac12. (A point (x,y)(x, y) is a lattice point if xx and yy are both integers.) What is dd to the nearest tenth?
0.30.3
0.40.4
0.50.5
0.60.6
0.70.7
答案:B
知识点:几何概率圆面积格点
小提示:
由周期性,只需关注一个四个顶点都是格点的单位正方形
By periodicity, focus on a single unit square with a lattice point at each corner
大提示:
一个单位格子中的四个四分之一圆盘组成一个半径为 dd 的完整圆盘;令其面积为 12\tfrac12。
The four quarter-disks in one unit cell form one full disk of radius d;d; set its area to 12\tfrac12
解答:
由周期性,只需考虑一个四个角都是格点的单位格子。距离某个角不超过 dd 的区域由四个半径为 dd 的四分之一圆盘组成,合成一个面积为 πd2\pi d^2 的完整圆盘。所得的值将小于 12\tfrac12,所以这些四分之一圆盘互不重叠。
令 πd2=12\pi d^2 = \tfrac12 得到 d=12π≈0.399d = \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2\pi}} \approx 0.399。
四舍五入到十分位,d=0.4d = 0.4。
因此,正确答案是 B。
By periodicity it suffices to consider one unit cell with a lattice point at each corner. The region within dd of a corner consists of four quarter-disks of radius d,d, forming one full disk of area πd2.\pi d^2. The resulting value will be less than 12,\tfrac12, so these quarter-disks do not overlap.
Setting πd2=12\pi d^2 = \tfrac12 gives d=12π≈0.399.d = \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2\pi}} \approx 0.399.
To the nearest tenth, d=0.4.d = 0.4.
Thus, B is the correct answer.
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