2015 AMC 12A 第 16 题

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16.

四面体 ABCDABCD 满足 AB=5AB = 5AC=3AC = 3BC=4BC = 4BD=4BD = 4AD=3AD = 3, 且 CD=1252CD = \dfrac{12}{5}\sqrt{2}。 这个四面体的体积是多少?

Tetrahedron ABCDABCD has AB=5,AB = 5, AC=3,AC = 3, BC=4,BC = 4, BD=4,BD = 4, AD=3,AD = 3, and CD=1252.CD = \dfrac{12}{5}\sqrt{2}. What is the volume of the tetrahedron?

323\sqrt{2}

252\sqrt{5}

245\dfrac{24}{5}

333\sqrt{3}

2452\dfrac{24}{5}\sqrt{2}

答案:C
知识点:立体几何体积直角三角形
难度评级:1840
解答:

三角形 ABCABCABDABD 都是 33-44-55 直角三角形,面积为 66,并共用斜边 ABAB。设 EE 为从 CCABAB 所作高的垂足,则 CE=345=125CE = \dfrac{3\cdot 4}{5} = \dfrac{12}{5}。同样,从 DDABAB 所作的高也落在同一点 EE,并且 DE=125DE = \dfrac{12}{5}

三角形 CDECDE 的边长为 125\dfrac{12}{5}125\dfrac{12}{5}, 和 CD=1252CD = \dfrac{12}{5}\sqrt{2}, 因此它是以 EE 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形。 所以 DECEDE \perp CEDEABDE \perp AB, 从而 DEDE 垂直于平面 ABCABC

四面体的体积为 13[ABC]DE=136125\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot [ABC]\cdot DE = \dfrac{1}{3}\cdot 6\cdot \dfrac{12}{5} =245= \dfrac{24}{5}

因此,正确答案是 C

Triangles ABCABC and ABDABD are 33-44-55 right triangles with area 66 and common hypotenuse AB.AB. Let EE be the foot of the altitude from CC to AB;AB; then CE=345=125.CE = \dfrac{3\cdot 4}{5} = \dfrac{12}{5}. Likewise the altitude from DD meets ABAB at the same point EE with DE=125.DE = \dfrac{12}{5}.

Triangle CDECDE has sides 125,\dfrac{12}{5}, 125,\dfrac{12}{5}, and CD=1252,CD = \dfrac{12}{5}\sqrt{2}, so it is an isosceles right triangle with the right angle at E.E. Thus DECEDE \perp CE and DEAB,DE \perp AB, making DEDE perpendicular to the plane of ABC.ABC.

The tetrahedron's volume is 13[ABC]DE=136125\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot [ABC]\cdot DE = \dfrac{1}{3}\cdot 6\cdot \dfrac{12}{5} =245.= \dfrac{24}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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