2015 AMC 12A 第 16 题

先试着解答 2015 AMC 12A 第 16 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2015 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

16.

四面体 ABCDABCD 满足 AB=5AB = 5,AC=3AC = 3,BC=4BC = 4,BD=4BD = 4,AD=3AD = 3,且 CD=1252CD = \dfrac{12}{5}\sqrt{2}。这个四面体的体积是多少?
Tetrahedron ABCDABCD has AB=5,AB = 5, AC=3,AC = 3, BC=4,BC = 4, BD=4,BD = 4, AD=3,AD = 3, and CD=1252.CD = \dfrac{12}{5}\sqrt{2}. What is the volume of the tetrahedron?
323\sqrt{2}
252\sqrt{5}
245\dfrac{24}{5}
333\sqrt{3}
2452\dfrac{24}{5}\sqrt{2}
答案:C
知识点:立体几何体积直角三角形
小提示:
三角形 ABCABC 和 ABDABD 都是共用边 ABAB 的 33-44-55 直角三角形
Triangles ABCABC and ABDABD are both 33-44-55 right triangles sharing the edge ABAB
大提示:
从 CC 和 DD 向 ABAB 作高;共同的垂足说明 CDCD 垂直于底面 ABCABC。
Drop altitudes from CC and DD to AB;AB; their common foot shows CDCD is perpendicular to base ABCABC
解答:
三角形 ABCABC 和 ABDABD 都是 33-44-55 直角三角形,面积为 66,并共用斜边 ABAB。设 EE 为从 CC 向 ABAB 所作高的垂足,则 CE=3⋅45=125CE = \dfrac{3\cdot 4}{5} = \dfrac{12}{5}。同样,从 DD 向 ABAB 所作的高也落在同一点 EE,并且 DE=125DE = \dfrac{12}{5}。
三角形 CDECDE 的边长为 125\dfrac{12}{5},125\dfrac{12}{5},和 CD=1252CD = \dfrac{12}{5}\sqrt{2},因此它是以 EE 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形。所以 DE⊥CEDE \perp CE 且 DE⊥ABDE \perp AB,从而 DEDE 垂直于平面 ABCABC。
四面体的体积为 13⋅[ABC]⋅DE=13⋅6⋅125\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot [ABC]\cdot DE = \dfrac{1}{3}\cdot 6\cdot \dfrac{12}{5} =245= \dfrac{24}{5}。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Triangles ABCABC and ABDABD are 33-44-55 right triangles with area 66 and common hypotenuse AB.AB. Let EE be the foot of the altitude from CC to AB;AB; then CE=3⋅45=125.CE = \dfrac{3\cdot 4}{5} = \dfrac{12}{5}. Likewise the altitude from DD meets ABAB at the same point EE with DE=125.DE = \dfrac{12}{5}.
Triangle CDECDE has sides 125,\dfrac{12}{5}, 125,\dfrac{12}{5}, and CD=1252,CD = \dfrac{12}{5}\sqrt{2}, so it is an isosceles right triangle with the right angle at E.E. Thus DE⊥CEDE \perp CE and DE⊥AB,DE \perp AB, making DEDE perpendicular to the plane of ABC.ABC.
The tetrahedron’s volume is 13⋅[ABC]⋅DE=13⋅6⋅125\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot [ABC]\cdot DE = \dfrac{1}{3}\cdot 6\cdot \dfrac{12}{5} =245.= \dfrac{24}{5}.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
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