2013 AMC 12B 第 24 题

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24.

ABCABC 是一个三角形,MMACAC 的中点,CNCNACB\angle ACB 的角平分线, NNABAB 上。设 XX 是中线 BMBM 与角平分线 CNCN 的交点。另外 BXN\triangle BXN 是等边三角形,且 AC=2AC = 2BN2BN^2 是多少?

Let ABCABC be a triangle where MM is the midpoint of AC,AC, and CNCN is the angle bisector of ACB\angle ACB with NN on AB.AB. Let XX be the intersection of the median BMBM and the bisector CN.CN. In addition BXN\triangle BXN is equilateral and AC=2.AC = 2. What is BN2?BN^2?

10627\dfrac{10 - 6\sqrt2}{7}

29\dfrac{2}{9}

52338\dfrac{5\sqrt2 - 3\sqrt3}{8}

26\dfrac{\sqrt2}{6}

3345\dfrac{3\sqrt3 - 4}{5}

答案:A
知识点:角平分线等边三角形余弦定理相似
难度评级:2600
解答:

α=ACN=NCB\alpha = \angle ACN = \angle NCBx=BNx = BN。由于 BXN\triangle BXN 是等边三角形,所以 BXC=CNA=120\angle BXC = \angle CNA = 120^\circ,由此得到 ABCBMC\triangle ABC \sim \triangle BMCANCBXC\triangle ANC \sim \triangle BXC。由第一组相似关系,并利用 MC=12AC=1MC = \tfrac12 AC = 1,可得 BC2=MCBC\dfrac{BC}{2} = \dfrac{MC}{BC},所以 BC=2BC = \sqrt2。由第二组相似关系可得 CX=(2+1)xCX = (\sqrt2 + 1)x。在 BCX\triangle BCX 中,对 BXC=120\angle BXC = 120^\circ 应用余弦定理,得到 2=x22 = x^2 +(2+1)2x2+ (\sqrt2 + 1)^2 x^2 +(2+1)x2+ (\sqrt2 + 1)x^2 =(5+32)x2= (5 + 3\sqrt2)x^2。因此 BN2=x2BN^2 = x^2 =25+32= \dfrac{2}{5 + 3\sqrt2} =10627= \dfrac{10 - 6\sqrt2}{7}。所以正确答案是 A

Let α=ACN=NCB\alpha = \angle ACN = \angle NCB and x=BN.x = BN. Since BXN\triangle BXN is equilateral, BXC=CNA=120,\angle BXC = \angle CNA = 120^\circ, which gives ABCBMC\triangle ABC \sim \triangle BMC and ANCBXC.\triangle ANC \sim \triangle BXC. From the first, with MC=12AC=1,MC = \tfrac12 AC = 1, we get BC2=MCBC,\dfrac{BC}{2} = \dfrac{MC}{BC}, so BC=2.BC = \sqrt2. From the second, CX=(2+1)x.CX = (\sqrt2 + 1)x. The Law of Cosines in BCX\triangle BCX with BXC=120\angle BXC = 120^\circ gives 2=x22 = x^2 +(2+1)2x2+ (\sqrt2 + 1)^2 x^2 +(2+1)x2+ (\sqrt2 + 1)x^2 =(5+32)x2.= (5 + 3\sqrt2)x^2. Hence BN2=x2BN^2 = x^2 =25+32= \dfrac{2}{5 + 3\sqrt2} =10627.= \dfrac{10 - 6\sqrt2}{7}. Thus, the correct answer is A.

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