2013 AMC 12A 第 16 题

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16.

AABBCC 是三堆石头。AA 中石头的平均重量为 4040 磅,BB 中石头的平均重量为 5050 磅,合并 AABB 两堆后石头的平均重量为 4343 磅,合并 AACC 两堆后石头的平均重量为 4444 磅。合并 BBCC 两堆后,石头平均重量的最大可能整数值是多少磅?

A,A, B,B, and CC are three piles of rocks. The mean weight of the rocks in AA is 4040 pounds, the mean weight of the rocks in BB is 5050 pounds, the mean weight of the rocks in the combined piles AA and BB is 4343 pounds, and the mean weight of the rocks in the combined piles AA and CC is 4444 pounds. What is the greatest possible integer value for the mean in pounds of the rocks in the combined piles BB and C?C?

5555

5656

5757

5858

5959

答案:E
知识点:平均数最优化
难度评级:1980
解答:

a,b,ca, b, c 分别为三堆石头的数量。由 40a+50ba+b=43,\dfrac{40a + 50b}{a + b} = 43,7b=3a,7b = 3a,所以 a=7ka = 7kb=3k.b = 3k.

μBC\mu_{BC}BBC.C. 的平均重量。利用 A,CA, C 的平均数 4444 表示出 μC=28k+44cc,\mu_C = \dfrac{28k + 44c}{c},可得 μBC=178k+44c3k+c,\mu_{BC} = \dfrac{178k + 44c}{3k + c},所以 (μBC44)c=(1783μBC)k.(\mu_{BC} - 44)c = (178 - 3\mu_{BC})k.

因为 BBA,A, 重,所以 BBCC 的平均数大于 44,44,这迫使 1783μBC>0,178 - 3\mu_{BC} \gt 0,μBC<1783=5913.\mu_{BC} \lt \tfrac{178}{3} = 59\tfrac13.k=15c;k=15c; 时可达到 5959:此时堆 CC 的平均重量为 464464,代入上式得 μBC=59.\mu_{BC}=59. 因此最大的整数平均数是 59.59.

因此,正确答案是 E

Let a,b,ca, b, c be the numbers of rocks in the piles. From 40a+50ba+b=43,\dfrac{40a + 50b}{a + b} = 43, we get 7b=3a,7b = 3a, so a=7ka = 7k and b=3k.b = 3k.

Let μBC\mu_{BC} be the mean of BB and C.C. Using the A,CA, C mean 4444 to express μC=28k+44cc,\mu_C = \dfrac{28k + 44c}{c}, we find μBC=178k+44c3k+c,\mu_{BC} = \dfrac{178k + 44c}{3k + c}, so (μBC44)c=(1783μBC)k.(\mu_{BC} - 44)c = (178 - 3\mu_{BC})k.

Since BB is heavier than A,A, the mean of BB and CC exceeds 44,44, forcing 1783μBC>0,178 - 3\mu_{BC} \gt 0, i.e. μBC<1783=5913.\mu_{BC} \lt \tfrac{178}{3} = 59\tfrac13. The value 5959 is attainable by taking k=15c;k=15c; then pile CC has mean 464464 and the displayed formula gives μBC=59.\mu_{BC}=59. Thus the greatest integer mean is 59.59.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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