2013 AMC 12A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
正方形 的边长为 。点 在 上,且 的面积为 。 是多少?
Square has side length Point is on and the area of is What is
2.
一支垒球队打了十场比赛,得分分别为 ,,,,,,,, 和 分。他们恰好在五场比赛中以一分之差输掉。在其他每场比赛中,他们的得分都是对手的两倍。对手总共得了多少分?
A softball team played ten games, scoring and runs. They lost by one run in exactly five games. In each of their other games, they scored twice as many runs as their opponent. How many total runs did their opponents score?
小提示:
只有当本队得分为偶数时,才可能是对手得分的两倍
Scoring twice the opponent is only possible when the team’s own score is even
大提示:
五场一分惜败是奇数得分的比赛;每场对手多得一分。
The five one-run losses are the odd-scored games; each opponent scored one more
解答:
只有当本队得分为偶数时,本队得分才可能是对手的两倍。这些比赛的得分为 ,因而对手得分为 。
另外五场比赛的本队得分为 ,且都是一分惜败,所以对手得分为 。总分为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The team can only score twice as many runs as its opponent when its own score is even. Those games have scores so their opponents scored
The other five games had scores and were one-run losses, so their opponents scored The total is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
3.
一束花包含粉玫瑰、红玫瑰、粉康乃馨和红康乃馨。粉色花中有三分之一是玫瑰,红色花中有四分之三是康乃馨,且所有花中有十分之六是粉色。所有花中有百分之几是康乃馨?
A flower bouquet contains pink roses, red roses, pink carnations, and red carnations. One third of the pink flowers are roses, three fourths of the red flowers are carnations, and six tenths of the flowers are pink. What percent of the flowers are carnations?
小提示:
所有花中十分之六是粉色,十分之四是红色
Six tenths of the flowers are pink and four tenths are red
大提示:
粉色花的三分之二和红色花的四分之三是康乃馨;把两部分相加
Two thirds of the pink and three fourths of the red are carnations; add the two amounts
解答:
所有花中十分之六是粉色,十分之四是红色。因为粉色花中三分之二是康乃馨,所以粉康乃馨占全部花的 。
因为红色花中四分之三是康乃馨,所以红康乃馨占全部花的 。康乃馨合计占 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Six tenths of the flowers are pink and four tenths are red. Since two thirds of the pink flowers are carnations, pink carnations make up of the flowers.
Since three fourths of the red flowers are carnations, red carnations make up of the flowers. Together the carnations are
Thus, the correct answer is E.
4.
5.
Tom、Dorothy 和 Sammy 去度假,并约定平均分摊费用。旅途中 Tom 支付了 ,Dorothy 支付了 ,Sammy 支付了 。为了平摊费用,Tom 给 Sammy 美元,Dorothy 给 Sammy 美元。 是多少?
Tom, Dorothy, and Sammy went on a vacation and agreed to split the costs evenly. During their trip Tom paid Dorothy paid and Sammy paid In order to share the costs equally, Tom gave Sammy dollars, and Dorothy gave Sammy dollars. What is
小提示:
每个人公平应付的金额是总花费的三分之一
Each person’s fair share is one third of the total spent
大提示:
和 分别表示 Tom 和 Dorothy 比公平份额少付的金额
and measure how much Tom and Dorothy each fall short of their fair share
解答:
总花费为 ,所以每人的公平份额为 美元。
于是 ,,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The total spent was so each fair share is dollars.
Then and so
Thus, the correct answer is B.
6.
在最近的一场篮球比赛中,Shenille 只出手三分球和两分球。她的三分球命中率为 ,两分球命中率为 。Shenille 一共出手 次。她得了多少分?
In a recent basketball game, Shenille attempted only three-point shots and two-point shots. She was successful on of her three-point shots and of her two-point shots. Shenille attempted shots. How many points did she score?
小提示:
设三分球出手次数为 ,则两分球出手次数为
Let be the number of three-point attempts, so are two-point attempts
大提示:
她的得分为 ;其中 项会抵消
Her score is the terms cancel
解答:
如果 Shenille 出手 次三分球、 次两分球,那么她的得分为 分。
因此,正确答案是 B。
If Shenille attempted three-point shots and two-point shots, she scored points.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
7.
数列 ,,,, 满足从第三项开始,每一项都是前两项之和。也就是说, 已知 且 。 是多少?
The sequence has the property that every term beginning with the third is the sum of the previous two. That is, Suppose that and What is
8.
已知 和 是不同的非零实数,且 , 是多少?
Given that and are distinct nonzero real numbers such that what is
9.
在 中,,且 。点 、 和 分别在边 、 和 上,使得 和 分别平行于 和 。平行四边形 的周长是多少?
In and Points and are on sides and respectively, such that and are parallel to and respectively. What is the perimeter of parallelogram
小提示:
因为 ,三角形 与 相似,因此是等腰三角形,且 。
Since triangle is similar to and hence isosceles with
大提示:
周长的一半等于 。
Half the perimeter equals
解答:
因为 ,三角形 与三角形 相似,而后者是等腰三角形,所以 。
平行四边形 周长的一半为 。因此整个周长为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Because triangle is similar to triangle which is isosceles, so
Half the perimeter of parallelogram is The entire perimeter is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
10.
设 为所有正整数 的集合,使得 的循环小数表示为 ,其中 和 是不同的数字。集合 中元素的和是多少?
Let be the set of positive integers for which has the repeating decimal representation with and different digits. What is the sum of the elements of
小提示:
两位循环节表示 。
A two-digit repeating block means
大提示:
所以 是两位数 ;检查 的因数
So is the two-digit number check the divisors of
解答:
若 ,则 是一个两位数。 的正因数为 。
只有 时, 分别等于 ,它们有两个不同的数字。所求和为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If then a two-digit number. The positive divisors of are
Only make equal to which have two different digits. The requested sum is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
11.
三角形 是等边三角形,且 。点 和 在 上,点 和 在 上,使得 和 都平行于 。此外,三角形 以及梯形 和 的周长都相同。求 。
Triangle is equilateral with Points and are on and points and are on such that both and are parallel to Furthermore, triangle and trapezoids and all have the same perimeter. What is
小提示:
设 、,用 和 表示三个周长
Let and and write each of the three perimeters in terms of and
大提示:
三个相等的周长给出 。
The three equal perimeters give
解答:
设 、。平行线切出的较小区域是等边三角形或等腰梯形,所以周长为
令它们相等, 得 ,且 。解得 、,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let and The parallel cuts make the small regions equilateral or isosceles trapezoids, so the perimeters are
Setting them equal, gives and Solving yields and so
Thus, the correct answer is C.
12.
某个三角形的三个角成等差数列,边长为 ,,和 。所有可能的 值之和等于 ,其中 ,,和 为正整数。 是多少?
The angles in a particular triangle are in arithmetic progression, and the side lengths are and The sum of the possible values of equals where and are positive integers. What is
小提示:
三个角成等差数列且和为 ,所以中间的角必须是 。
Angles in arithmetic progression summing to force the middle angle to be
大提示:
分别讨论哪条边对着 角,并使用余弦定理
Apply the Law of Cosines in each case for which side is opposite the angle
解答:
若三个角为 ,它们的和 给出 ,所以其中一个角是 。
若 对着 角,由余弦定理得 所以 。
若 对着 角,则 ,正解为 。若 对着该角,则 ,没有实数解。
所有可能值的和为 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
If the angles are their sum gives so one angle is
If is opposite the angle, the Law of Cosines gives so
If is opposite the angle, then whose positive solution is If is opposite, then has no real solution.
The sum of the possible values is so
Thus, the correct answer is A.
13.
设点 ,,,和 。一条经过 的直线把四边形 分成面积相等的两部分。该直线与 交于点 ,其中这些分数均为最简形式。 是多少?
Let points and Quadrilateral is cut into equal area pieces by a line passing through This line intersects at point where these fractions are in lowest terms. What is
小提示:
求出 的面积;这条分割线与底边 构成一个面积为一半的三角形
Find the area of the cutting line makes a triangle on base with half that area
大提示:
底边 ,该三角形的高就是 上交点的 坐标
With base the triangle’s height is the -coordinate of the point on
解答:
由鞋带公式, 的面积为 。设直线与 交于 。三角形 的面积必须为 。
因为 在 轴上, 给出 。直线 为 ,所以 。
于是 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
By the shoelace formula, the area of is Let the line meet at Triangle must have area
Since lies on the -axis, gives Line is so
Then
Thus, the correct answer is B.
14.
数列 是一个等差数列。求 。
The sequence is an arithmetic progression. What is
小提示:
对数的差相等,意味着 是等比数列
Equal differences of logs mean is a geometric sequence
大提示:
由 求公比 。
Find the common ratio from
解答:
因为这些对数成等差数列, 成等比数列。它的公比 满足 ,所以 ,且 。
因此 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Because the logarithms are in arithmetic progression, is a geometric sequence. Its common ratio satisfies so and
Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is B.
15.
兔子 Peter 和 Pauline 有三个孩子 Flopsie、Mopsie 和 Cottontail。现在要把这五只兔子分配给四家不同的宠物店,使得没有一家店同时得到一只父母兔和一只孩子兔。不要求每家店都得到兔子。有多少种不同的分配方法?
Rabbits Peter and Pauline have three offspring—Flopsie, Mopsie, and Cottontail. These five rabbits are to be distributed to four different pet stores so that no store gets both a parent and a child. It is not required that every store gets a rabbit. In how many different ways can this be done?
小提示:
按两只父母兔是否去同一家店分类
Split into cases by whether the two parents go to the same store
大提示:
同店:父母有 种选择,孩子有 种分配;不同店:父母有 种选择,孩子有 种分配
Same store: parent choices and child assignments; different stores: and
解答:
如果两只父母兔在同一家店,有 种选择,而每只孩子兔必须去另外三家店之一:共有 种。
如果父母兔去不同的店,有 种选择,而每只孩子兔必须去剩下两家店之一:共有 种。
总数为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If the two parents share a store, there are choices for it, and each child must go to one of the other three stores: ways.
If the parents go to different stores, there are choices, and each child must go to one of the two remaining stores: ways.
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
16.
、 和 是三堆石头。 中石头的平均重量为 磅, 中石头的平均重量为 磅,合并 和 两堆后石头的平均重量为 磅,合并 和 两堆后石头的平均重量为 磅。合并 和 两堆后,石头平均重量的最大可能整数值是多少磅?
and are three piles of rocks. The mean weight of the rocks in is pounds, the mean weight of the rocks in is pounds, the mean weight of the rocks in the combined piles and is pounds, and the mean weight of the rocks in the combined piles and is pounds. What is the greatest possible integer value for the mean in pounds of the rocks in the combined piles and
小提示:
设 为石头数量; 的平均数 给出 。
Let be the counts; the mean gives
大提示:
用 和 的平均数 ,把 的平均数写成 和 的式子
Write the mean in terms of and using and the mean
解答:
设 分别为三堆石头的数量。由 ,得 ,所以 且 。
设 为 和 的平均重量。利用 的平均数 表示出 ,可得 ,所以 。
因为 比 重,所以 和 的平均数大于 ,这迫使 ,即 。取 时可以达到 :此时堆 的平均重量为 ,代入上式得 。因此最大的整数平均数是 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let be the numbers of rocks in the piles. From we get so and
Let be the mean of and Using the mean to express we find so
Since is heavier than the mean of and exceeds forcing i.e. The value is attainable by taking then pile has mean and the displayed formula gives Thus the greatest integer mean is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
17.
一组 名海盗同意按如下方式分一箱金币。第 个取份额的海盗拿走箱中剩余金币的 。箱中最初的金币数是能使每名海盗都得到正整数枚金币的最小数。第 名海盗得到多少枚金币?
A group of pirates agree to divide a treasure chest of gold coins among themselves as follows. The th pirate to take a share takes of the coins that remain in the chest. The number of coins initially in the chest is the smallest number for which this arrangement will allow each pirate to receive a positive whole number of coins. How many coins does the th pirate receive?
小提示:
在第 名海盗取走份额之前,箱中金币数是取走之后剩余金币数的 倍
Before the th pirate takes a share, the chest holds times what remains after
大提示:
若最后一名海盗拿到 枚金币,则初始金币数为 ;令它成为整数并使 最小
If coins remain for the last pirate, the initial count is make it an integer with smallest
解答:
对 ,第 名海盗取走份额之前的金币数,是取走之后金币数的 倍。所以若留给第 名海盗的是 枚金币,初始金币数为
使其成为正整数的最小 为 。在第 名海盗取金币之前,剩余的金币数等于初始数目乘以 ;代入这个 便可看出它对每个 都是整数。因此每个人分到的都是整数枚金币,而第 名海盗得到 枚金币。
因此,正确答案是 D。
For the number of coins before the th pirate takes a share is times the number afterward. So if coins are left for the th pirate, the initial count is
The smallest making this a positive integer is Before pirate the remaining count is the initial count multiplied by substituting this shows it is an integer for every Hence all shares are integral, and the th pirate receives coins.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
18.
六个半径为 的球摆放成它们的球心位于边长为 的正六边形顶点上。这六个球都内切于一个大球,大球球心是该正六边形的中心。第八个球外切于这六个小球,并内切于大球。这个第八个球的半径是多少?
Six spheres of radius are positioned so that their centers are at the vertices of a regular hexagon of side length The six spheres are internally tangent to a larger sphere whose center is the center of the hexagon. An eighth sphere is externally tangent to the six smaller spheres and internally tangent to the larger sphere. What is the radius of this eighth sphere?
小提示:
大球半径为 ;设第八个球半径为 ,其球心到中心的距离为 ,且 。
The large sphere has radius let the eighth sphere have radius and center at distance from the center, with
大提示:
一个小球球心、中心 ,和第八个球心构成直角三角形:
A center of a small sphere, the center and the eighth center form a right triangle:
解答:
每个小球球心到中心 的距离为 ,而小球半径为 ,所以大球半径为 。设第八个球半径为 ,球心 到 的距离为 ,则 。
因为 到两个相对的六边形顶点等距, 垂直于通向某个顶点的线,由勾股定理得
化简得 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Each small center is from the center and the small spheres have radius so the large sphere has radius Let the eighth sphere have radius and center at distance from then
Since is equidistant from two opposite hexagon vertices, is perpendicular to the line to a vertex, and the Pythagorean Theorem gives
This simplifies to so
Thus, the correct answer is B.
19.
在 中,,且 。以 为圆心、 为半径的圆与 交于点 和 。此外, 和 的长度都是整数。 是多少?
In and A circle with center and radius intersects at points and Moreover and have integer lengths. What is
小提示:
从点 使用点的幂,得到 。
Power of a Point from gives
大提示:
;在 下分解因数
factor with
解答:
由点的幂定理,,其中 是圆的半径。因此 。
因为 且 都是整数,它们是 的一对互补因数。由于 ,唯一可能是 且 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
By the Power of a Point Theorem, where is the radius. Thus
Since and are integers, they are complementary factors of As the only possibility is and
Thus, the correct answer is D.
20.
设 为集合 。对 ,,定义 表示 或 。有多少个由 中元素组成的有序三元组 满足 、 且 ?
Let be the set For define to mean that either or How many ordered triples of elements of have the property that and
小提示:
在模 意义下考虑;此时 等价于
Work modulo then means
大提示:
固定 ( 种);令 ,其中 ,则 有 种选择
Fix ( ways); let with then has options
解答:
把元素按模 来看,关系 恰好在 时成立。
有 种选择。固定 后,令 ,其中 。那么 必须满足 ,因而有 种选择。
总数为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Reading the elements modulo the relation holds exactly when
There are choices for Once is fixed, take for some Then must satisfy giving choices.
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
21.
考虑
以下哪个区间包含 ?
Consider
Which of the following intervals contains
小提示:
跟踪嵌套值所在范围:较小 时有 ,之后有 ,等等
Track where the nested value sits: for small then etc.
大提示:
当 时,该值满足 ,再估计 。
For the value satisfies so estimate
解答:
设 。可以检查 时 , 时 , 时 ,且 时 。
因此 ,所以 ,从而 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let One checks for then for then for and for
Hence so and therefore
Thus, the correct answer is A.
22.
回文数是一个非负整数,按 进制书写且没有前导零时,从前往后读和从后往前读相同。随机均匀选取一个 位回文数 , 也是回文数的概率是多少?
A palindrome is a nonnegative integer number that reads the same forwards and backwards when written in base with no leading zeros. A -digit palindrome is chosen uniformly at random. What is the probability that is also a palindrome?
小提示:
证明 必须是一个 位回文数 。
Show must be a -digit palindrome
大提示:
乘积 是回文数当且仅当 且 ;计数这些情况
The product is a palindrome exactly when and count those
解答:
令 。如果 是四位数,那么 ,所以六位回文数 的首位和末位都必须是 。这迫使回文数 的首位和末位也都是 ,从而 且 ,矛盾。因此 是五位回文数 。
写成 ,恰好在 且 时没有进位;所得数字依次为 。若 ,首位与末位不同;若只有 ,第二位与倒数第二位不同。所以这些条件也是必要的。有效的 的个数是
六位回文数共有 个,所以概率为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let If had four digits, then so the first and last digits of the six-digit palindrome would both be This forces the first and last digits of the palindromic to be hence and a contradiction. Therefore is a five-digit palindrome
Writing no carries occur exactly when and the resulting digits are If the leading and trailing digits differ; if only the next pair differs. Thus the conditions are also necessary. The number of valid is
There are six-digit palindromes, so the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
23.
是一个边长为 的正方形。点 在 上,且 。将正方形 围成的区域绕中心 逆时针旋转 ,扫过区域的面积为 ,其中 , 和 为正整数且 。求 。
is a square of side length Point is on such that The square region bounded by is rotated counterclockwise with center sweeping out a region whose area is where and are positive integers and What is
小提示:
跟踪像点 ;扫过区域由四个圆扇形和四个三角形组成
Track the images the swept region is four circular sectors plus four triangles
大提示:
且 给出扇形半径,而 是 -- 度三角形。
and give the sector radii, and is a –– triangle
解答:
设 为各顶点旋转后的像。扫过的区域可分解为四个圆扇形和四个三角形。
因为 且 ,所以 和 处的扇形面积分别为 和 。若 是 的中点,则 且 ,所以 是 -- 三角形,并且 。因此沿 的两个 扇形面积各为 。以 为高的两个三角形贡献 ,另一对全等三角形的高为 ,贡献 。所以四个三角形共贡献 。
总面积为 因此 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let be the images of the vertices under the rotation. The swept region decomposes into four circular sectors and four triangles.
Since and the sectors at and have areas and If is the midpoint of then and so is a -- triangle and Hence the two sectors along each have area The two triangles with altitude contribute and the other congruent pair has altitude and contributes Thus the four triangles contribute
The total area is so
Thus, the correct answer is C.
24.
从所有以正 边形顶点为端点的线段中随机选取三条不同的线段。这三条线段的长度能作为一个面积为正的三角形的三条边长的概率是多少?
Three distinct segments are chosen at random among the segments whose endpoints are the vertices of a regular -gon. What is the probability that the lengths of these three segments are the three side lengths of a triangle with positive area?
小提示:
共有 种可能长度 ;统计每种长度有多少条线段
There are possible lengths count how many segments have each length
大提示:
用补集计数:减去最长边长度大于或等于另外两边长度之和的三元组
Use complementary counting: subtract the triples whose longest length is at least the sum of the other two
解答:
将正 边形内接于单位圆。线段长度为 ,其中 ,长度 各有 条,长度 有 条。
比较各和,满足 且 的禁用指标三元组 为
前三个以 结尾的三元组贡献 ;两个以 结尾且有重复长度的三元组贡献 ;三个长度互异且不含直径的三元组贡献 ;剩下两个含直径的三元组贡献 。将总和除以 ,得到失败概率 ,所以答案是 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Inscribe the -gon in a unit circle. The segment lengths are for with segments of each length and of length
Comparing sums, the forbidden index triples with and are
The first three triples ending in contribute the two repeated-length triples ending in contribute the three triples of distinct non-diameter lengths contribute and the two remaining diameter triples contribute Dividing their sum by gives failure probability so the answer is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
25.
定义函数 为 。有多少个复数 满足 ,并且 的实部和虚部都是绝对值至多为 的整数?
Let be defined by How many complex numbers are there such that and both the real and the imaginary parts of are integers with absolute value at most
小提示:
证明 在上半平面上一一对应到其像,所以计数 等价于计数有效的
Show is one-to-one on the upper half-plane, so counting equals counting valid
大提示:
像集为 ;统计满足 的格点
The image is count lattice points with
解答:
在上半平面 上,若 ,则 ;因为 ,因子 ,所以 在 上是一一的。
当 取实数时,边界上的值 描出抛物线 。因为 位于它的左侧,而 在 上连续且一一对应,所以它的像恰好由满足 的所有 组成。因此我们计数满足 、 且 的 :
因此,正确答案是 A。
On the upper half-plane if then since the factor so is one-to-one on
For real the boundary values trace the parabola Since lies to its left and is continuous and one-to-one on its image consists precisely of the values satisfying Thus we count with and
Thus, the correct answer is A.