2004 AMC 12A 第 24 题

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24.

一个平面中有点 AABB,且 AB=1AB = 1。设 SS 为平面中所有覆盖线段 AB\overline{AB} 的半径为 11 的圆盘的并集。SS 的面积是多少?

A plane contains points AA and BB with AB=1.AB = 1. Let SS be the union of all disks of radius 11 in the plane that cover AB.\overline{AB}. What is the area of S?S?

2π+32\pi + \sqrt{3}

8π3\dfrac{8\pi}{3}

3π323\pi - \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

10π33\dfrac{10\pi}{3} - \sqrt{3}

4π234\pi - 2\sqrt{3}

答案:C
知识点:面积分割扇形
难度评级:2350
解答:

一个半径为 11 的圆盘覆盖线段 AB\overline{AB},当且仅当它的圆心到 AABB 的距离都不超过 11。这个区域 RR 是以 AABB 为圆心的两个单位圆的重叠透镜。

每个单位圆都经过另一个圆的圆心,所以透镜由两段 120120^\circ 圆弧围成。两个 120120^\circ 扇形的面积各为 π3\tfrac{\pi}{3},重叠中扣掉的两个等边三角形总面积为 32\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2},所以 RR 的面积为 2π332\tfrac{2\pi}{3} - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}

集合 SS 由所有到 RR 距离不超过 11 的点组成。除 RR 本身外,还增加两个 6060^\circ 半径 11 的扇形(每个面积 π6\tfrac{\pi}{6})和两个 120120^\circ 外半径 22、内半径 11 的环形区域(每个面积 π\pi)。

因此 SS 的面积为 (2π332)+2π6+2π=3π32. \begin{aligned} &\left(\tfrac{2\pi}{3} - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \tfrac{\pi}{6} \\ &\quad {}+ 2\pi = 3\pi - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 C

A radius-11 disk covers segment AB\overline{AB} exactly when its center is within 11 of both AA and B.B. That region RR is the lens where the two unit circles centered at AA and BB overlap.

Each unit circle passes through the other's center, so the lens is bounded by two 120120^\circ arcs. Two 120120^\circ sectors of area π3\tfrac{\pi}{3} overlap in two equilateral triangles of total area 32,\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}, giving RR area 2π332.\tfrac{2\pi}{3} - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}.

The set SS consists of all points within 11 of R.R. Beyond RR itself, this adds two 6060^\circ sectors of radius 11 (each area π6\tfrac{\pi}{6}) and two 120120^\circ annuli of outer radius 22 and inner radius 11 (each area π\pi).

Therefore the area of SS is (2π332)+2π6+2π=3π32. \begin{aligned} &\left(\tfrac{2\pi}{3} - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \tfrac{\pi}{6} \\ &\quad {}+ 2\pi = 3\pi - \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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