2003 AMC 12A 第 19 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

19.

方程为 y=ax2+bx+cy = ax^2 + bx + c 的抛物线关于 xx-轴反射。原抛物线和反射后的抛物线分别向相反方向水平平移五个单位,成为 y=f(x)y = f(x)y=g(x)y = g(x) 的图像。下列哪一项描述了 y=(f+g)(x)y = (f + g)(x) 的图像?

A parabola with equation y=ax2+bx+cy = ax^2 + bx + c is reflected about the xx-axis. The parabola and its reflection are translated horizontally five units in opposite directions to become the graphs of y=f(x)y = f(x) and y=g(x),y = g(x), respectively. Which of the following describes the graph of y=(f+g)(x)?y = (f + g)(x)?

一条与 xx-轴相切的抛物线

a parabola tangent to the xx-axis

一条不与 xx-轴相切的抛物线

a parabola not tangent to the xx-axis

一条水平直线

a horizontal line

一条非水平直线

a non-horizontal line

一个三次函数的图像

the graph of a cubic function

答案:D
知识点:抛物线变换函数
难度评级:1840
解答:

把抛物线写成顶点式 y=a(xh)2+ky=a(x-h)^2+k。关于 xx 轴反射后,方程为 y=a(xh)2ky=-a(x-h)^2-k

向相反方向平移后,可写成 f(x)=a(xh+5)2+kf(x)=a(x-h+5)^2+kg(x)=a(xh5)2kg(x)=-a(x-h-5)^2-k

两式相加后平方项抵消,得到 (f+g)(x)=20a(xh)(f+g)(x)=20a(x-h)。因为 a0a\neq0,它是一条非水平直线。

所以正确答案是 D

Write the parabola in vertex form y=a(xh)2+k.y=a(x-h)^2+k. Its reflection about the xx-axis is y=a(xh)2k.y=-a(x-h)^2-k.

Shifting in opposite directions gives f(x)=a(xh+5)2+kf(x)=a(x-h+5)^2+k and g(x)=a(xh5)2k.g(x)=-a(x-h-5)^2-k.

Adding, the squared terms cancel and (f+g)(x)=20a(xh),(f+g)(x)=20a(x-h), which is a non-horizontal line since a0.a\neq0.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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