2003 AMC 12A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
前 个正偶数的和与前 个正奇数的和相差多少?
What is the difference between the sum of the first even counting numbers and the sum of the first odd counting numbers?
小提示:
把每个偶数与它前面的那个奇数配对。
Pair each even number with the odd number just below it
大提示:
每一对都相差 ,共有 对。
Each of the pairs differs by
解答:
第 个正偶数是 ,第 个正奇数是 ,二者相差 。
把 对的差相加,得到 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The th even counting number is and the th odd counting number is which differ by
Summing this difference over all pairs gives
Thus, the correct answer is D.
2.
Rockham 足球联盟的成员购买袜子和 T 恤。一双袜子 ,每件 T 恤比一双袜子贵 。每位成员主场比赛需要一双袜子和一件 T 恤,客场比赛也需要一双袜子和一件 T 恤。若总费用为 ,联盟有多少名成员?
Members of the Rockham Soccer League buy socks and T-shirts. Socks cost per pair and each T-shirt costs more than a pair of socks. Each member needs one pair of socks and a shirt for home games and another pair of socks and a shirt for away games. If the total cost is how many members are in the League?
小提示:
一件 T 恤价格为 。
A T-shirt costs
大提示:
每位成员买两双袜子和两件 T 恤。
Each member buys two pairs of socks and two shirts
解答:
一件 T 恤价格为 美元。
每位成员需要两双袜子和两件 T 恤,费用为 美元。
因此成员人数为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
A T-shirt costs dollars.
Each member needs two pairs of socks and two shirts, costing dollars.
The number of members is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
3.
一个实心长方体盒子的尺寸为 cm、 cm、 cm。从这个盒子的每个角切去一个棱长 cm 的立方体后得到一个新的实心体。原体积的百分之多少被切去?
A solid box is cm by cm by cm. A new solid is formed by removing a cube cm on a side from each corner of this box. What percent of the original volume is removed?
4.
Mary 从家沿上坡路步行 km 到学校需要 分钟,但沿同一路线从学校回家只需 分钟。她往返全程的平均速度是多少 km/hr?
It takes Mary minutes to walk uphill km from her home to school, but it takes her only minutes to walk from school to home along the same route. What is her average speed, in km/hr, for the round trip?
小提示:
平均速度等于总路程除以总时间。
Average speed is total distance divided by total time
大提示:
总时间是 分钟,也就是 小时
The total time is minutes hour
解答:
Mary 总共走 km,用时 分钟,即 小时。
平均速度为 km/hr。
所以正确答案是 A。
Mary walks a total of km in minutes, which is hour.
Her average speed is km/hr.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
5.
6.
对所有实数 和 ,定义 为 。下列哪一个命题不正确?
Define to be for all real numbers and Which of the following statements is not true?
对所有 和 ,
for all and
对所有 和 ,
for all and
对所有 ,
for all
对所有 ,
for all
若 则
if
7.
有多少个周长为 、边长为整数且互不全等的三角形?
How many non-congruent triangles with perimeter have integer side lengths?
小提示:
最长边必须小于周长的一半。
The longest side must be less than half the perimeter
大提示:
最长边至多为 。
The longest side is at most
解答:
设边长为 ,且 。三角形不等式要求 ,所以 ,从而 。
此时 ,且 得到 和 两种三角形。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let the sides be with The triangle inequality requires so forcing
Then with giving the triangles and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
8.
随机选取 的一个正因数,该因数小于 的概率是多少?
What is the probability that a randomly drawn positive factor of is less than
9.
平面中的点集 关于原点、两条坐标轴以及直线 都对称。若 在 中,则 中最少有多少个点?
A set of points in the -plane is symmetric about the origin, both coordinate axes, and the line If is in what is the smallest number of points in
小提示:
把 关于 反射,得到 。
Reflecting over gives
大提示:
这些对称性会产生所有符号选择和坐标交换。
The symmetries produce every sign choice and coordinate swap
解答:
关于 反射得到 ,再关于坐标轴反射得到所有 和 。
共有 个点,并且这个集合已经关于原点、两条坐标轴和 对称。
所以正确答案是 D。
Reflecting across gives and reflecting across the axes gives all points and
There are such points, and this set is already symmetric about the origin, both axes, and
Thus, the correct answer is D.
10.
Al、Bert 和 Carl 在学校抽奖中赢得一堆万圣节糖果,按 的比例分给他们。由于混乱,他们在不同时间来领奖,并且每个人都以为自己是第一个到的。如果每个人都拿走他认为自己应得的份额,那么有多少比例的糖果无人领取?
Al, Bert, and Carl are the winners of a school drawing for a pile of Halloween candy, which they are to divide in a ratio of respectively. Due to some confusion they come at different times to claim their prizes, and each assumes he is the first to arrive. If each takes what he believes to be his correct share of candy, what fraction of the candy goes unclaimed?
小提示:
三人的份额分别是整堆的 。
The three shares are of the whole
大提示:
每个人都会留下当时糖果的固定比例,所以顺序不影响结果。
Each person leaves a fixed fraction of whatever candy is present, so the order does not matter
解答:
三人的份额分别是 。
每个人都以为自己是第一个到的,所以在各自到达时,Al 留下当时糖果的 ,Bert 留下 ,Carl 留下 。
无论三人按什么顺序到达,无人领取的比例都是 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The shares are of the pile.
Each person assumes he is first, so Al leaves Bert leaves and Carl leaves of the candy present when he arrives.
The unclaimed fraction is regardless of the order.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
11.
一个正方形和一个等边三角形周长相同。设 为正方形外接圆的面积, 为三角形外接圆的面积。求 。
A square and an equilateral triangle have the same perimeter. Let be the area of the circle circumscribed about the square and be the area of the circle circumscribed about the triangle. Find
答案:C
小提示:
选一个方便的共同周长,例如 。
Choose a convenient common perimeter, such as
大提示:
正方形的外接圆半径是对角线的一半;等边三角形的外接圆半径是 。
A square’s circumradius is half its diagonal; an equilateral triangle’s is
解答:
令共同周长为 ,则正方形边长为 ,三角形边长为 。
正方形的外接圆半径为 ,所以 。
三角形的外接圆半径为 ,所以 。
于是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let the common perimeter be so the square has side and the triangle has side
The square’s circumradius is so
The triangle’s circumradius is so
Then
Thus, the correct answer is C.
12.
Sally 有五张红卡,编号为 到 ,以及四张蓝卡,编号为 到 。她把卡片叠成颜色交替的顺序,并且每张红卡上的数都能整除相邻蓝卡上的数。中间三张卡片上的数之和是多少?
Sally has five red cards numbered through and four blue cards numbered through She stacks the cards so that the colors alternate and so that the number on each red card divides evenly into the number on each neighboring blue card. What is the sum of the numbers on the middle three cards?
小提示:
在蓝色数字 中,红色 只能整除 ,红色 只能整除 。
Among the blue numbers the red divides only and the red divides only
大提示:
从被迫出现的两端 和 向中间推。
Work inward from the forced ends and
解答:
在 中, 只能整除 , 只能整除 ,所以两端必须是 。
又因为 只能整除 和 ,所以下一张是 ;而 只能整除 和 ,完整顺序为 ,,,,,,,,。
中间三张是 ,和为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Since divides only and divides only among the two ends must be
Because divides only and the next card is and since divides only and the full stack is
The middle three cards are which sum to
Thus, the correct answer is E.
13.
图中实线围成的多边形由 个全等正方形边对边连接而成。再把一个全等正方形接到图中标出的九个位置之一的某条边上。九种所得多边形中,有多少种可以折成一个缺少一个面的立方体?
The polygon enclosed by the solid lines in the figure consists of congruent squares joined edge-to-edge. One more congruent square is attached to an edge at one of the nine positions indicated. How many of the nine resulting polygons can be folded to form a cube with one face missing?
小提示:
缺少一个面的立方体需要 个正方形。
A cube with one face missing needs squares
大提示:
先把四个正方形的部分围着立方体折起,再检查附加正方形是否落在仍未覆盖的面上。
Fold the four-square piece partway around a cube, then check which attached square lands on a still-open face
解答:
缺少一个面的立方体有 个面,所以第五个正方形必须折到四正方形拼块尚未占据的面上。追踪每个连接位置折到的面可知,位置 ,,和 会折到已占据的面并与之重叠。位置 ,,,,,和 都会折到未占据的面。因此九个位置中有 个可行。
所以正确答案是 E。
A cube missing one face has faces, so the fifth square must fold onto a face not already occupied by the four-square piece. Tracing the face reached by each attachment, positions and fold onto a face already occupied and overlap it. Each of positions and folds onto an unoccupied face. Therefore of the nine positions work.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
14.
点 、、、 位于正方形 所在平面内,使得 、、、 都是等边三角形。若 的面积为 ,求 的面积。
Points and lie in the plane of the square so that and are equilateral triangles. If has an area of find the area of
小提示:
由图形的旋转对称性可知, 是正方形。
is a square by the rotational symmetry of the figure
大提示:
它的对角线 等于原正方形边长加上两个三角形高 。
Its diagonal equals the square’s side plus twice the triangle height
解答:
正方形 边长为 。由 旋转对称性可知, 也是正方形。
每个边长为 的等边三角形高为 ,所以对角线 。
对角线为 的正方形面积是 ,因此 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The square has side By the rotational symmetry, is also a square.
Each equilateral triangle on a side of length has height so the diagonal
A square with diagonal has area so
Thus, the correct answer is D.
15.
如图,一个直径为 的半圆位于一个直径为 的半圆上方。小半圆内部且大半圆外部的阴影区域称为月牙形。求这个月牙形的面积。
A semicircle of diameter sits at the top of a semicircle of diameter as shown. The shaded area inside the smaller semicircle and outside the larger semicircle is called a lune. Determine the area of this lune.
小提示:
小半圆的直径是大圆中长为 的弦,对应半径为 的圆中的 圆弧。
The small diameter is a chord of length in the large radius- circle, spanning a arc
大提示:
月牙面积 (等边三角形 小半圆) 大圆的 扇形。
Lune (equilateral triangle small semicircle) the sector of the large circle
解答:
小半圆的直径是大圆半径 中长为 的弦,所以它在圆心处张成 。
由该弦和小圆弧围成的区域等于一个面积 的等边三角形加上小半圆面积 。
减去大圆的 扇形面积 ,得月牙面积
所以正确答案是 C。
The small semicircle’s diameter is a chord of length in the large circle of radius so it subtends a angle at the center.
The region bounded by that chord and the small arc is an equilateral triangle of area topped by the small semicircle of area
Subtracting the sector of the large circle, gives the lune area
Thus, the correct answer is C.
16.
在等边三角形 内随机选一点 。 的面积大于 和 的面积的概率是多少?
A point is chosen at random in the interior of equilateral triangle What is the probability that has a greater area than each of and
小提示:
三个小三角形的底边相等,所以面积只取决于 到各边的距离。
The three triangles share equal bases, so their areas depend only on ’s distances to the sides
大提示:
由三重对称性,每一边对应的三角形成为最大者的概率相同。
By the threefold symmetry each side yields the largest triangle equally often
解答:
、、 的底边都是等边三角形的边,长度相同,所以它们的面积分别与 到对应边的距离成正比。
由等边三角形的三重对称性, 成为最大面积三角形的概率与另外两个相同,因此概率为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The triangles and have equal bases (the sides of the equilateral triangle), so their areas are proportional to the distances from to those sides.
By the threefold symmetry of the equilateral triangle, is the largest with the same probability as each of the other two, so that probability is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
17.
正方形 的边长为 , 是 的中点。以 为圆心、半径为 的圆与以 为圆心、半径为 的圆相交于点 和 。点 到 的距离是多少?
Square has sides of length and is the midpoint of A circle with radius and center intersects a circle with radius and center at points and What is the distance from to
小提示:
把 放在原点,令 在 -轴上, 在 -轴上。
Put at the origin with on the -axis and on the -axis
大提示:
点 到 的距离就是 的 -坐标。
The distance from to is the -coordinate of
解答:
取 ,,。以 为圆心的圆为 ,以 为圆心的圆为 。
解这两个方程,得到交点 。
因为 在 -轴上,点 到 的距离就是它的 -坐标,即 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Place and The circle centered at is and the circle centered at is
Solving these equations gives the intersection
Since lies on the -axis, the distance from to is its -coordinate,
Thus, the correct answer is B.
18.
设 是一个 位数, 和 分别是 除以 的商和余数。有多少个 使 能被 整除?
Let be a -digit number, and let and be the quotient and remainder, respectively, when is divided by For how many values of is divisible by
19.
方程为 的抛物线关于 -轴反射。原抛物线和反射后的抛物线分别向相反方向水平平移五个单位,成为 和 的图像。下列哪一项描述了 的图像?
A parabola with equation is reflected about the -axis. The parabola and its reflection are translated horizontally five units in opposite directions to become the graphs of and respectively. Which of the following describes the graph of
一条与 -轴相切的抛物线
a parabola tangent to the -axis
一条不与 -轴相切的抛物线
a parabola not tangent to the -axis
一条水平直线
a horizontal line
一条非水平直线
a non-horizontal line
一个三次函数的图像
the graph of a cubic function
小提示:
把抛物线写成 ;它的反射为 。
Write the parabola as its reflection is
大提示:
做相反的 平移后,把 和 相加,观察平方项抵消。
After the opposite shifts, add and and watch the squared terms cancel
解答:
把抛物线写成顶点式 。关于 轴反射后,方程为 。
向相反方向平移后,可写成 和 。
两式相加后平方项抵消,得到 。因为 ,它是一条非水平直线。
所以正确答案是 D。
Write the parabola in vertex form Its reflection about the -axis is
Shifting in opposite directions gives and
Adding, the squared terms cancel and which is a non-horizontal line since
Thus, the correct answer is D.
20.
由 个 A、 个 B、 个 C 组成的 个字母排列中,前 个字母没有 A,中间 个字母没有 B,最后 个字母没有 C 的排列有多少个?
How many -letter arrangements of A’s, B’s, and C’s have no A’s in the first letters, no B’s in the next letters, and no C’s in the last letters?
小提示:
在第一段(没有 A)中,设有 个 B 和 个 C。
In the first block (no A’s), suppose there are B’s and C’s
大提示:
固定 后,三段中的字母数都被确定,每段的位置选择数都是 。
Fixing determines the letter counts in all three blocks, each chosen with placements
解答:
设第一段有 个 B 和 个 C。剩下的 个 C 必须放在第二段(因为第三段没有 C),于是第二段有 个 A。
那么第三段含有剩下的 个 A 和 个 B。
对每个 ,第一段中的 个 B、第二段中的 个 C、第三段中的 个 A 的位置共有 种选法,所以总数为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Suppose the first block holds B’s and C’s. The remaining C’s must go in the second block (since the third has no C’s), forcing A’s there.
Then the third block contains the remaining A’s and B’s.
For each the B’s in the first block, C’s in the second, and A’s in the third can be placed in ways, so the total is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
21.
多项式
的图像有五个不同的 截距,其中一个是 。下列哪个系数不可能为零?
The graph of the polynomial
has five distinct -intercepts, one of which is at Which of the following coefficients cannot be zero?
小提示:
迫使 。
forces
大提示:
提出因子 ;剩下四次多项式的常数项是四个非零根的乘积。
Factor out the constant term of the remaining quartic is the product of the four nonzero roots
解答:
因为 是截距,,所以 。
其余四个截距都是非零且互不相同的根,而 等于这四个非零根的乘积,因此不可能为零。
通过适当选择根, 都可能为零,但 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Since is an intercept, so
The four remaining intercepts are nonzero and distinct, and equals their product, which is therefore nonzero.
Any of can be zero for suitable choices of those roots, but
Thus, the correct answer is D.
22.
物体 和 在坐标平面中同时移动,每一步长度为一。物体 从 出发,每步等概率向右或向上。物体 从 出发,每步等概率向左或向下。下列哪一个数最接近两个物体相遇的概率?
Objects and move simultaneously in the coordinate plane via a sequence of steps, each of length one. Object starts at and each of its steps is either right or up, both equally likely. Object starts at and each of its steps is either left or down, both equally likely. Which of the following is closest to the probability that the objects meet?
小提示:
它们只能在各走 步后、沿直线 相遇。
They can meet only after each has taken steps, along the line
大提示:
相遇路径对的数量等于连接两个起点的 条单调路径,总路径对数为
The number of meeting path-pairs equals out of total pairs
解答:
两物体相距 步,所以只能在每个物体各走 步后,在反对角线 上相遇。
把 的六步路径与 反向看的六步路径配对,相遇路径对与从 到 的单调路径一一对应,共 条。
概率为 ,最接近 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The objects are steps apart, so they can only meet after each takes steps, on the anti-diagonal
Pairing ’s six-step path with ’s reversed six-step path matches meeting pairs one-to-one with the monotone walks from to
The probability is which is closest to
Thus, the correct answer is C.
23.
乘积 的因数中,有多少个是完全平方数?
How many perfect squares are divisors of the product
小提示:
合并这些阶乘得到 。
Combine the factorials into
大提示:
平方因数中每个质数的指数都必须是偶数。
A square divisor uses an even exponent of each prime
解答:
该乘积为
一个平方因数形如 ,其中 ,,,且 。
选择数为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The product is
A perfect-square divisor has the form with and
The number of choices is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
24.
若 , 的最大可能值是多少?
If what is the largest possible value of
答案:B
小提示:
化简为 。
Simplify to
大提示:
令 ,使用 。
With use
解答:
展开得
令 。由 AM-GM,,所以原式至多为 。
当 ,即 时取等号,因此最大值为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Expand:
Let Since by AM-GM, the expression is at most
Equality holds when that is, when so the largest value is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
25.
设 。有多少个实数 满足:至少存在一个正数 ,使得 的定义域和 的值域是同一个集合?
Let For how many real values of is there at least one positive value of for which the domain of and the range of are the same set?
无限多个
infinitely many
小提示:
若 ,对任意 ,定义域和值域都等于 。
If both the domain and range equal for every
大提示:
若 ,定义域为 而 的最大值为 。
For the domain is and the maximum of is
解答:
若 则 的定义域和值域都是 ,所以 可行。
若 ,定义域为 ,而值域为 ,二者不相同,因此没有这样的 。
若 ,定义域是 ,值域是 。令右端点相等,得 ,所以 ,从而 。
因此共有 个 值,所以正确答案是 C。
If then has domain and range both so works.
If the domain is while the range is so no such exists.
If the domain is and the range is Equating the right endpoints gives so giving
Thus there are values of and the correct answer is C.