2021 AMC 12B Fall 第 16 题

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16.

aabbcc 为正整数,满足 且 所有可能的不同 a2+b2+c2a^2 + b^2 + c^2 值之和是多少? a+b+c=23a + b + c = 23 gcd(a,b)+gcd(b,c)+gcd(c,a)=9. \begin{aligned} &\gcd(a, b) + \gcd(b, c) \\ &\quad {}+ \gcd(c, a) = 9. \end{aligned}

Suppose a,a, b,b, cc are positive integers such that a+b+c=23a + b + c = 23 and gcd(a,b)+gcd(b,c)+gcd(c,a)=9. \begin{aligned} &\gcd(a, b) + \gcd(b, c) \\ &\quad {}+ \gcd(c, a) = 9. \end{aligned} What is the sum of all possible distinct values of a2+b2+c2?a^2 + b^2 + c^2?

259259

438438

516516

625625

687687

答案:B
知识点:最大公约数奇偶性分类讨论
难度评级:2100
解答:

最大公因数之和为 abca\le b\le c,数值较大,所以这些数有明显的公共因子。 a7a\le7aa ab(23a)/2a\le b\le\lfloor(23-a)/2\rfloor c=23abc=23-a-bgcd(a,b)+gcd(b,23a)+gcd(a,23b). \begin{aligned} &\gcd(a,b)+\gcd(b,23-a) \\ &\quad {}+\gcd(a,23-b). \end{aligned}

检查和为 a=1,2,,7a=1,2,\ldots,7 的分拆,满足条件的恰有两类。 {3,4,13}\{3,4,13\}{4,6,10}\{4,6,10\}{3,5,6,8,9,12}\{3,5,6,8,9,12\}{4,6}\{4,6\}{3,7,8,11}\{3,7,8,11\}{4,6,8}\{4,6,8\}{9,10}\{9,10\}99 (a,b,c)=(3,5,15)(a,b,c)=(3,5,15) (7,7,9)(7,7,9)

三元组 (7,7,9)(7, 7, 9) 的两个相关 gcd\gcd 值为一,另一个为七,所以总和为 7+1+1=97 + 1 + 1 = 9,并且 a2+b2+c2=49+49+81a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 49 + 49 + 81 =179= 179。 三元组 (3,5,15)(3, 5, 15)gcd\gcd 之和为 1+5+3=91 + 5 + 3 = 9,并且 a2+b2+c2=9+25a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 9 + 25 +225=259+ 225 = 259

不同值之和为 179+259=438179 + 259 = 438

所以正确答案是 B

The condition is symmetric, so assume abc.a\le b\le c. Then a7,a\le7, and for each fixed aa we have ab(23a)/2a\le b\le\lfloor(23-a)/2\rfloor and c=23ab.c=23-a-b. The gcd sum can be evaluated as gcd(a,b)+gcd(b,23a)+gcd(a,23b). \begin{aligned} &\gcd(a,b)+\gcd(b,23-a) \\ &\quad {}+\gcd(a,23-b). \end{aligned}

Checking these short ranges, the possible gcd sums for a=1,2,,7a=1,2,\ldots,7 are, respectively, {3,4,13},\{3,4,13\}, {4,6,10},\{4,6,10\}, {3,5,6,8,9,12},\{3,5,6,8,9,12\}, {4,6},\{4,6\}, {3,7,8,11},\{3,7,8,11\}, {4,6,8},\{4,6,8\}, and {9,10}.\{9,10\}. The value 99 occurs only at (a,b,c)=(3,5,15)(a,b,c)=(3,5,15) and (7,7,9).(7,7,9).

The triple (7,7,9)(7, 7, 9) has gcd\gcd sum 7+1+1=97 + 1 + 1 = 9 and a2+b2+c2=49+49+81a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 49 + 49 + 81 =179.= 179. The triple (3,5,15)(3, 5, 15) has gcd\gcd sum 1+5+3=91 + 5 + 3 = 9 and a2+b2+c2=9+25a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 9 + 25 +225=259.+ 225 = 259.

The sum of the distinct values is 179+259=438.179 + 259 = 438.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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