2021 AMC 12B Spring 第 16 题

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16.

g(x)g(x) 是首项系数为 11 的多项式,它的三个根是 f(x)=x3+ax2+bx+cf(x)=x^3+ax^2+bx+c 的三个根的倒数,其中 1<a<b<c1\lt a\lt b\lt c。用 a,ba, bcc 表示 g(1)g(1) 是什么?

Let g(x)g(x) be a polynomial with leading coefficient 1,1, whose three roots are the reciprocals of the three roots of f(x)=x3+ax2+bx+c,f(x)=x^3+ax^2+bx+c, where 1<a<b<c.1\lt a\lt b\lt c. What is g(1)g(1) in terms of a,b,a, b, and c?c?

1+a+b+cc\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{c}

1+a+b+c1+a+b+c

1+a+b+cc2\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{c^2}

a+b+cc2\dfrac{a+b+c}{c^2}

1+a+b+ca+b+c\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{a+b+c}

答案:A
知识点:韦达定理多项式
难度评级:1720
解答:

ff 的根为 r,s,tr,s,t。因为 gg 是首项系数为一、根为 1r,1s,1t\tfrac1r,\tfrac1s,\tfrac1t 的多项式, g(1)=(11r)(11s)(11t)=(r1)(s1)(t1)rst. \begin{aligned} g(1) &= \left(1-\tfrac1r\right)\left(1-\tfrac1s\right) \\ &\quad {}\cdot \left(1-\tfrac1t\right) \\ &= \dfrac{(r-1)(s-1)(t-1)}{rst}. \end{aligned}

现在 f(1)=(1r)(1s)(1t)f(1)=(1-r)(1-s)(1-t) =1+a+b+c=1+a+b+c, 所以 (r1)(s1)(t1)(r-1)(s-1)(t-1) =(1+a+b+c)=-(1+a+b+c)。 另外 rst=crst=-c

因此 g(1)g(1) =(1+a+b+c)c=\dfrac{-(1+a+b+c)}{-c} =1+a+b+cc=\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{c}

所以正确答案是 A

Let ff have roots r,s,t.r,s,t. Since gg is monic with roots 1r,1s,1t,\tfrac1r,\tfrac1s,\tfrac1t, g(1)=(11r)(11s)(11t)=(r1)(s1)(t1)rst. \begin{aligned} g(1) &= \left(1-\tfrac1r\right)\left(1-\tfrac1s\right) \\ &\quad {}\cdot \left(1-\tfrac1t\right) \\ &= \dfrac{(r-1)(s-1)(t-1)}{rst}. \end{aligned}

Now f(1)=(1r)(1s)(1t)f(1)=(1-r)(1-s)(1-t) =1+a+b+c,=1+a+b+c, so (r1)(s1)(t1)(r-1)(s-1)(t-1) =(1+a+b+c).=-(1+a+b+c). Also rst=c.rst=-c.

Therefore g(1)g(1) =(1+a+b+c)c=\dfrac{-(1+a+b+c)}{-c} =1+a+b+cc.=\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{c}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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