2021 AMC 12B Spring 第 16 题

先试着解答 2021 AMC 12B Spring 第 16 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2021 AMC 12B Spring 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

16.

设 g(x)g(x) 是首项系数为 11 的多项式,它的三个根是 f(x)=x3+ax2+bx+cf(x)=x^3+ax^2+bx+c 的三个根的倒数,其中 1<a<b<c1\lt a\lt b\lt c。用 aa,bb 和 cc 表示 g(1)g(1) 是什么?
Let g(x)g(x) be a polynomial with leading coefficient 1,1, whose three roots are the reciprocals of the three roots of f(x)=x3+ax2+bx+c,f(x)=x^3+ax^2+bx+c, where 1<a<b<c.1\lt a\lt b\lt c. What is g(1)g(1) in terms of a,a, b,b, and c?c?
1+a+b+cc\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{c}
1+a+b+c1+a+b+c
1+a+b+cc2\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{c^2}
a+b+cc2\dfrac{a+b+c}{c^2}
1+a+b+ca+b+c\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{a+b+c}
答案:A
知识点:韦达定理多项式
小提示:
若 ff 的根为 r,s,tr,s,t,则 g(1)=(1−1r)(1−1s)(1−1t)g(1)=\left(1-\tfrac1r\right)\left(1-\tfrac1s\right)\left(1-\tfrac1t\right)
If ff has roots r,s,t,r,s,t, then g(1)=(1−1r)(1−1s)(1−1t)g(1)=\left(1-\tfrac1r\right)\left(1-\tfrac1s\right)\left(1-\tfrac1t\right)
大提示:
这等于 (r−1)(s−1)(t−1)rst\dfrac{(r-1)(s-1)(t-1)}{rst};把分子与 f(1)f(1) 联系起来,把分母与 cc 联系起来
This equals (r−1)(s−1)(t−1)rst;\dfrac{(r-1)(s-1)(t-1)}{rst}; relate the numerator to f(1)f(1) and the denominator to cc
解答:
设 ff 的根为 r,s,tr,s,t。因为 gg 是首项系数为一、根为 1r,1s,1t\tfrac1r,\tfrac1s,\tfrac1t 的多项式,g(1)=(1−1r)(1−1s)⋅(1−1t)=(r−1)(s−1)(t−1)rst。 \begin{aligned} g(1) &= \left(1-\tfrac1r\right)\left(1-\tfrac1s\right) \\ &\quad {}\cdot \left(1-\tfrac1t\right) \\ &= \dfrac{(r-1)(s-1)(t-1)}{rst} \end{aligned}\text{。}
现在 f(1)=(1−r)(1−s)(1−t)f(1)=(1-r)(1-s)(1-t) =1+a+b+c=1+a+b+c,所以 (r−1)(s−1)(t−1)(r-1)(s-1)(t-1) =−(1+a+b+c)=-(1+a+b+c)。另外 rst=−crst=-c。
因此 g(1)g(1) =−(1+a+b+c)−c=\dfrac{-(1+a+b+c)}{-c} =1+a+b+cc=\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{c}。
所以正确答案是 A。
Let ff have roots r,s,t.r,s,t. Since gg is monic with roots 1r,1s,1t,\tfrac1r,\tfrac1s,\tfrac1t, g(1)=(1−1r)(1−1s)⋅(1−1t)=(r−1)(s−1)(t−1)rst. \begin{aligned} g(1) &= \left(1-\tfrac1r\right)\left(1-\tfrac1s\right) \\ &\quad {}\cdot \left(1-\tfrac1t\right) \\ &= \dfrac{(r-1)(s-1)(t-1)}{rst}. \end{aligned}
Now f(1)=(1−r)(1−s)(1−t)f(1)=(1-r)(1-s)(1-t) =1+a+b+c,=1+a+b+c, so (r−1)(s−1)(t−1)(r-1)(s-1)(t-1) =−(1+a+b+c).=-(1+a+b+c). Also rst=−c.rst=-c.
Therefore g(1)g(1) =−(1+a+b+c)−c=\dfrac{-(1+a+b+c)}{-c} =1+a+b+cc.=\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{c}.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
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