2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 24 题

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24.

半圆 Γ\Gamma 的直径 ABAB 长为 1414。圆 Ω\Omega 在点 PPABAB 相切,并与 Γ\Gamma 相交于点 QQRR。若 QR=33QR = 3\sqrt3QPR=60\angle QPR = 60^\circ,则 PQR\triangle PQR 的面积为 abc\dfrac{a\sqrt b}{c},其中 aacc 是互质正整数,bb 是不被任何质数平方整除的正整数。求 a+b+ca + b + c

Semicircle Γ\Gamma has diameter ABAB of length 14.14. Circle Ω\Omega lies tangent to ABAB at a point PP and intersects Γ\Gamma at points QQ and R.R. If QR=33QR = 3\sqrt3 and QPR=60,\angle QPR = 60^\circ, then the area of PQR\triangle PQR is abc,\dfrac{a\sqrt b}{c}, where aa and cc are relatively prime positive integers and bb is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. What is a+b+c?a + b + c?

110110

114114

118118

122122

126126

答案:D
知识点:正弦定理根轴坐标几何
难度评级:2760
解答:

在圆 Ω\Omega 中,弦 QRQR 所对的圆周角 QPR=60\angle QPR = 60^\circ, 所以 QR=2rsin60QR = 2r\sin 60^\circ, 于是 33=r33\sqrt3 = r\sqrt3, 得 r=3r = 3

A=(7,0)A = (-7, 0)B=(7,0)B = (7, 0),且 Γ:x2+y2=49\Gamma: x^2 + y^2 = 49(上半圆)。因为 Ω\OmegaP=(p,0)P = (p, 0) 处与 ABAB 相切,其圆心为 (p,3)(p, 3)。两个圆方程相减得到直线 QRQR,而圆心 (p,3)(p,3)QRQR 的距离必须等于 rcos60=32r\cos 60^\circ = \tfrac32。这给出 (p231)2=9p2+81(p^2 - 31)^2 = 9p^2 + 81,所以 p2=16p^2 = 16(根 p2=55p^2 = 55 会使 PPABAB 外)。

p2=16p^2 = 16 时,点 PP 到直线 QRQR 的距离是 49p24p2+36=3310\dfrac{49 - p^2}{\sqrt{4p^2 + 36}} = \dfrac{33}{10}。因此 所以 a=99a = 99b=3b = 3c=20c = 20,且 a+b+c=122a + b + c = 122[PQR]=12QRd=12333310=99320. \begin{aligned} [\triangle PQR] &= \tfrac12\cdot QR\cdot d \\ &= \tfrac12\cdot 3\sqrt3\cdot\tfrac{33}{10} \\ &= \frac{99\sqrt3}{20}. \end{aligned}

因此,正确答案是 D

In circle Ω,\Omega, the chord QRQR subtends the inscribed angle QPR=60,\angle QPR = 60^\circ, so QR=2rsin60,QR = 2r\sin 60^\circ, giving 33=r3,3\sqrt3 = r\sqrt3, hence r=3.r = 3.

Place A=(7,0),A = (-7, 0), B=(7,0),B = (7, 0), with Γ:x2+y2=49\Gamma: x^2 + y^2 = 49 (upper half). Since Ω\Omega is tangent to ABAB at P=(p,0),P = (p, 0), its center is (p,3).(p, 3). Subtracting the two circle equations gives the line QR,QR, and the distance from the center (p,3)(p,3) to QRQR must equal rcos60=32.r\cos 60^\circ = \tfrac32. This yields (p231)2=9p2+81,(p^2 - 31)^2 = 9p^2 + 81, so p2=16p^2 = 16 (the root p2=55p^2 = 55 places PP outside ABAB).

With p2=16,p^2 = 16, the distance from PP to line QRQR is 49p24p2+36=3310.\dfrac{49 - p^2}{\sqrt{4p^2 + 36}} = \dfrac{33}{10}. Thus [PQR]=12QRd=12333310=99320. \begin{aligned} [\triangle PQR] &= \tfrac12\cdot QR\cdot d \\ &= \tfrac12\cdot 3\sqrt3\cdot\tfrac{33}{10} \\ &= \frac{99\sqrt3}{20}. \end{aligned} So a=99,a = 99, b=3,b = 3, c=20,c = 20, and a+b+c=122.a + b + c = 122.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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