2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 24 题

先试着解答 2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 24 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2021 AMC 12A Spring 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

24.

半圆 Γ\Gamma 的直径 ABAB 长为 1414。圆 Ω\Omega 在点 PP 与 ABAB 相切,并与 Γ\Gamma 相交于点 QQ 和 RR。若 QR=33QR = 3\sqrt3 且 ∠QPR=60∘\angle QPR = 60^\circ,则 △PQR\triangle PQR 的面积为 abc\dfrac{a\sqrt b}{c},其中 aa 和 cc 是互质正整数,bb 是不被任何质数平方整除的正整数。求 a+b+ca + b + c。
Semicircle Γ\Gamma has diameter ABAB of length 14.14. Circle Ω\Omega lies tangent to ABAB at a point PP and intersects Γ\Gamma at points QQ and R.R. If QR=33QR = 3\sqrt3 and ∠QPR=60∘,\angle QPR = 60^\circ, then the area of △PQR\triangle PQR is abc,\dfrac{a\sqrt b}{c}, where aa and cc are relatively prime positive integers and bb is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. What is a+b+c?a + b + c?
110110
114114
118118
122122
126126
答案:D
知识点:正弦定理根轴坐标几何
小提示:
在圆 Ω\Omega 中,QR=2rsin⁡∠QPRQR = 2r\sin\angle QPR,从而得到半径 r=3r = 3。
In circle Ω,\Omega, QR=2rsin⁡∠QPR,QR = 2r\sin\angle QPR, which gives the radius r=3r = 3
大提示:
设 A=(−7,0)A = (-7,0)、B=(7,0)B = (7,0)、P=(p,0)P = (p, 0),圆心为 (p,3)(p, 3);两圆的根轴确定 QRQR,面积为 12 QR⋅d(P,QR)\tfrac12\, QR\cdot d(P, QR)
Set A=(−7,0),A = (-7,0), B=(7,0),B = (7,0), P=(p,0),P = (p, 0), center (p,3);(p, 3); the radical axis of the two circles locates QR,QR, and the area is 12 QR⋅d(P,QR)\tfrac12\, QR\cdot d(P, QR)
解答:
在圆 Ω\Omega 中,弦 QRQR 所对的圆周角 ∠QPR=60∘\angle QPR = 60^\circ,所以 QR=2rsin⁡60∘QR = 2r\sin 60^\circ,于是 33=r33\sqrt3 = r\sqrt3,得 r=3r = 3。
设 A=(−7,0)A = (-7, 0)、B=(7,0)B = (7, 0),且 Γ:x2+y2=49\Gamma: x^2 + y^2 = 49(上半圆)。因为 Ω\Omega 在 P=(p,0)P = (p, 0) 处与 ABAB 相切,其圆心为 (p,3)(p, 3)。两个圆方程相减得到直线 QRQR,而圆心 (p,3)(p,3) 到 QRQR 的距离必须等于 rcos⁡60∘=32r\cos 60^\circ = \tfrac32。这给出 (p2−31)2=9p2+81(p^2 - 31)^2 = 9p^2 + 81,所以 p2=16p^2 = 16(根 p2=55p^2 = 55 会使 PP 在 ABAB 外)。
当 p2=16p^2 = 16 时,点 PP 到直线 QRQR 的距离是 49−p24p2+36=3310\dfrac{49 - p^2}{\sqrt{4p^2 + 36}} = \dfrac{33}{10}。因此 [△PQR]=12⋅QR⋅d=12⋅33⋅3310=99320。 \begin{aligned} [\triangle PQR] &= \tfrac12\cdot QR\cdot d \\ &= \tfrac12\cdot 3\sqrt3\cdot\tfrac{33}{10} \\ &= \frac{99\sqrt3}{20}\text{。} \end{aligned} 所以 a=99a = 99、b=3b = 3、c=20c = 20,且 a+b+c=122a + b + c = 122。
因此,正确答案是 D。
In circle Ω,\Omega, the chord QRQR subtends the inscribed angle ∠QPR=60∘,\angle QPR = 60^\circ, so QR=2rsin⁡60∘,QR = 2r\sin 60^\circ, giving 33=r3,3\sqrt3 = r\sqrt3, hence r=3.r = 3.
Place A=(−7,0),A = (-7, 0), B=(7,0),B = (7, 0), with Γ:x2+y2=49\Gamma: x^2 + y^2 = 49 (upper half). Since Ω\Omega is tangent to ABAB at P=(p,0),P = (p, 0), its center is (p,3).(p, 3). Subtracting the two circle equations gives the line QR,QR, and the distance from the center (p,3)(p,3) to QRQR must equal rcos⁡60∘=32.r\cos 60^\circ = \tfrac32. This yields (p2−31)2=9p2+81,(p^2 - 31)^2 = 9p^2 + 81, so p2=16p^2 = 16 (the root p2=55p^2 = 55 places PP outside ABAB).
With p2=16,p^2 = 16, the distance from PP to line QRQR is 49−p24p2+36=3310.\dfrac{49 - p^2}{\sqrt{4p^2 + 36}} = \dfrac{33}{10}. Thus [△PQR]=12⋅QR⋅d=12⋅33⋅3310=99320. \begin{aligned} [\triangle PQR] &= \tfrac12\cdot QR\cdot d \\ &= \tfrac12\cdot 3\sqrt3\cdot\tfrac{33}{10} \\ &= \frac{99\sqrt3}{20}. \end{aligned} So a=99,a = 99, b=3,b = 3, c=20,c = 20, and a+b+c=122.a + b + c = 122.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
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