2019 AMC 12A 第 14 题

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14.

对某个复数 cc, 多项式

P(x)=(x22x+2)(x2cx+4)(x24x+8) \begin{aligned} P(x) &= (x^2 - 2x + 2) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (x^2 - cx + 4) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (x^2 - 4x + 8) \end{aligned}

恰有 44 个不同的根。c|c| 是多少?

For a certain complex number c,c, the polynomial

P(x)=(x22x+2)(x2cx+4)(x24x+8) \begin{aligned} P(x) &= (x^2 - 2x + 2) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (x^2 - cx + 4) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (x^2 - 4x + 8) \end{aligned}

has exactly 44 distinct roots. What is c?|c|?

22

6\sqrt{6}

222\sqrt{2}

33

10\sqrt{10}

答案:E
知识点:复数多项式韦达定理
难度评级:1690
解答:

因式 x22x+2x^2 - 2x + 2x24x+8x^2 - 4x + 8 的根分别为 1±i1 \pm i2±2i2 \pm 2i, 这 44 个值互不相同。

要使 PP 恰有 44 个不同根,x2cx+4x^2 - cx + 4 的根必须在这些根中。它们的乘积必须等于 44, 唯一可行的配对是从两个因式各取一个根,例如 (1+i)(22i)=4(1 + i)(2 - 2i) = 4

此时 c=(1+i)+(22i)=3ic = (1 + i) + (2 - 2i) = 3 - i, 所以 c=32+12=10|c| = \sqrt{3^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{10}

所以正确答案是 E

The factors x22x+2x^2 - 2x + 2 and x24x+8x^2 - 4x + 8 have roots 1±i1 \pm i and 2±2i,2 \pm 2i, which are 44 distinct values.

For PP to have exactly 44 distinct roots, the roots of x2cx+4x^2 - cx + 4 must lie among these. Their product must equal 4,4, and the only such pair is one root from each factor, for example (1+i)(22i)=4.(1 + i)(2 - 2i) = 4.

Then c=(1+i)+(22i)=3i,c = (1 + i) + (2 - 2i) = 3 - i, so c=32+12=10.|c| = \sqrt{3^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{10}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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