2018 AMC 12B 第 25 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

25.

ω1\omega_1ω2\omega_2ω3\omega_3 半径均为 44,放置在平面上并两两外切。点 P1P_1P2P_2P3P_3 分别在 ω1\omega_1ω2\omega_2ω3\omega_3 上,满足 P1P2=P2P3=P3P1P_1P_2=P_2P_3=P_3P_1,且对每个 i=1i=12233,直线 PiPi+1P_iP_{i+1}ωi\omega_i 相切,其中 P4=P1P_4=P_1。见下图。P1P2P3\triangle P_1P_2P_3 的面积可写为 a+b\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b},其中 aabb 是正整数。a+ba+b 是多少?

Circles ω1,\omega_1, ω2,\omega_2, and ω3\omega_3 each have radius 44 and are placed in the plane so that each circle is externally tangent to the other two. Points P1,P_1, P2,P_2, and P3P_3 lie on ω1,\omega_1, ω2,\omega_2, and ω3,\omega_3, respectively, so that P1P2=P2P3=P3P1P_1P_2=P_2P_3=P_3P_1 and line PiPi+1P_iP_{i+1} is tangent to ωi\omega_i for each i=1,i=1, 2,2, 3,3, where P4=P1.P_4=P_1. See the figure below. The area of P1P2P3\triangle P_1P_2P_3 can be written in the form a+b,\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}, where aa and bb are positive integers. What is a+b?a+b?

546546

548548

550550

552552

554554

答案:D
知识点:相切圆特殊直角三角形余弦定理等边三角形
难度评级:2840
小提示:

因为 PiPi+1P_iP_{i+1}PiP_i 处与 ωi\omega_i 相切,半径 OiPiO_iP_i 垂直于 PiPi+1P_iP_{i+1}

Since PiPi+1P_iP_{i+1} is tangent to ωi\omega_i at Pi,P_i, the radius OiPiO_iP_i is perpendicular to PiPi+1P_iP_{i+1}

大提示:

K=O1P1O2P2K=O_1P_1\cap O_2P_2;设 d=P1Kd=P_1K,在 O1KO2\triangle O_1KO_2 中使用余弦定理。

Let K=O1P1O2P2;K=O_1P_1\cap O_2P_2; with d=P1K,d=P_1K, apply the Law of Cosines in O1KO2\triangle O_1KO_2

解答:

OiO_iωi\omega_i 的圆心,KK 为直线 O1P1O_1P_1O2P2O_2P_2 的交点。因为 P1P2P3=60\angle P_1P_2P_3=60^\circ,三角形 P2KP1P_2KP_13030-6060-9090^\circ 三角形。令 d=P1Kd=P_1K,得 P2K=2dP_2K=2dP1P2=3dP_1P_2=\sqrt3\,d

O1KO2\triangle O_1KO_2 中使用余弦定理,并利用 O1O2=8O_1O_2=8 得到 82=(d+4)2+(2d4)22(d+4)(2d4)cos60 \begin{gathered} 8^2=(d+4)^2+(2d-4)^2 \\ {}-2(d+4)(2d-4)\cos60^\circ\text{,} \end{gathered} 化简为 3d212d16=03d^2-12d-16=0,所以 d=2+2321d=2+\tfrac23\sqrt{21}

因此 P1P2=3d=23+27P_1P_2=\sqrt3\,d=2\sqrt3+2\sqrt7,面积为 34(23+27)2=103+67=300+252 \begin{gathered} \dfrac{\sqrt3}{4}\left(2\sqrt3+2\sqrt7\right)^2 \\ =10\sqrt3+6\sqrt7 \\ =\sqrt{300}+\sqrt{252}\text{。} \end{gathered}

所以 a+b=300+252=552a+b=300+252=552

所以正确答案是 D

Let OiO_i be the center of ωi,\omega_i, and let KK be the intersection of lines O1P1O_1P_1 and O2P2.O_2P_2. Because P1P2P3=60,\angle P_1P_2P_3=60^\circ, triangle P2KP1P_2KP_1 is a 3030-6060-9090^\circ triangle. With d=P1K,d=P_1K, we get P2K=2dP_2K=2d and P1P2=3d.P_1P_2=\sqrt3\,d.

The Law of Cosines in O1KO2\triangle O_1KO_2 (with O1O2=8O_1O_2=8) gives 82=(d+4)2+(2d4)22(d+4)(2d4)cos60, \begin{gathered} 8^2=(d+4)^2+(2d-4)^2 \\ {}-2(d+4)(2d-4)\cos60^\circ, \end{gathered} which simplifies to 3d212d16=0,3d^2-12d-16=0, so d=2+2321.d=2+\tfrac23\sqrt{21}.

Then P1P2=3d=23+27,P_1P_2=\sqrt3\,d=2\sqrt3+2\sqrt7, and the area is 34(23+27)2=103+67=300+252. \begin{gathered} \dfrac{\sqrt3}{4}\left(2\sqrt3+2\sqrt7\right)^2 \\ =10\sqrt3+6\sqrt7 \\ =\sqrt{300}+\sqrt{252}. \end{gathered}

So a+b=300+252=552.a+b=300+252=552.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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