2025 AMC 12A 第 25 题
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
25.
多项式 和 都是 次,首项系数都是 ,并且它们的根都属于 。函数 具有如下性质:存在实数 ,使得所有满足 的实数 的集合由闭区间 与开区间 组成。可能有多少个函数 ?
Polynomials and each have degree and leading coefficient and their roots are all elements of The function has the property that there exist real numbers such that the set of all real numbers such that consists of the closed interval together with the open interval How many functions are possible?
小提示:
闭区间的端点必须是 的零点,开区间的端点必须是 的零点
The closed endpoints must be zeros of and the open endpoints must be zeros of
大提示:
这四个端点因子固定后,分子和分母剩下的因子必须相消;要数的是不同的函数,而不是多项式对
After those four endpoint factors are fixed, the remaining numerator and denominator factors must cancel; count distinct functions, not polynomial pairs
解答:
本题已作废:按题面作答,正确答案不在选项中。下面给出计数。
对于 ,闭区间端点 必须是 的零点,且在这些点 ,而 必须是极点。因此符号的变化必须与下面这个函数一致: 中未使用的第三个因子必须与 中未使用的第三个因子相同;否则会多出零点、极点或符号变化。
如果这个公共因子是 之外的第五个值,它不能在任一区间内部形成空点。在五个数从小到大的排列中,它只能位于 之前、 与 之间,或 之后,因此给出 个函数。
另一种可能是公共因子等于 或 。对 的每一种选择(共 种),这两个多项式对化简为同一个公式 ,且定义域相同(都排除 ),所以只定义一个函数。这再给出 个函数,按题面字面理解总数为 。
如果在后五种情形中把两个多项式对分别计数,就会得到 ,即临时答案 (E),但这没有回答题目所问的函数个数。因此印刷的选项都不正确。
This problem was voided: as written, its answer is not among the choices. Here is the count.
For the endpoints of the closed interval must be zeros of at which while must be poles. The required sign pattern is therefore that of The unused third factor of must match the unused third factor of otherwise there would be an extra zero, pole, or sign change.
If the common factor is the fifth value not among it cannot make a hole inside either interval. In the ordered list of five values it may therefore occur before between and or after giving functions.
Alternatively, the common factor can equal or For each of the choices of these two polynomial pairs simplify to the same formula and have the same domain (both omit ), so they define only one function. This gives more functions, for a literal total of
Counting the two polynomial pairs separately in each of the last five cases gives the provisional answer (E), but that does not answer the stated question about functions. Thus none of the printed choices is correct.
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