2018 AMC 12B 第 14 题

先试着解答 2018 AMC 12B 第 14 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2018 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

14.

Joey、Chloe 和他们的女儿 Zoe 生日相同。Joey 比 Chloe 大 11 岁,Zoe 今天正好 11 岁。今天是 Chloe 的年龄将成为 Zoe 年龄整数倍的 99 个生日中的第一个。下次 Joey 的年龄是 Zoe 年龄的倍数时,Joey 年龄的两位数字之和是多少?
Joey and Chloe and their daughter Zoe all have the same birthday. Joey is 11 year older than Chloe, and Zoe is exactly 11 year old today. Today is the first of the 99 birthdays on which Chloe’s age will be an integral multiple of Zoe’s age. What will be the sum of the two digits of Joey’s age the next time his age is a multiple of Zoe’s age?
77
88
99
1010
1111
答案:E
知识点:因数个数整除性
小提示:
设 Chloe 今天 nn 岁;yy 年后,她的年龄是 Zoe 年龄的倍数当且仅当 1+y1+y 整除 n−1n-1。
Let Chloe be nn today; yy years from now her age is a multiple of Zoe’s exactly when 1+y1+y divides n−1n-1
大提示:
所以 n−1n-1 必须恰有 99 个因数;找出唯一的两位数可能值。
So n−1n-1 must have exactly 99 divisors; find the only two-digit such value
解答:
设 Chloe 今天 nn 岁,那么她比 Zoe 大 n−1n-1 岁。yy 年后,Chloe 的年龄 n+yn+y 是 Zoe 年龄 1+y1+y 的倍数,当且仅当 1+y1+y 整除 n−1n-1。有 99 个这样的生日,意味着 n−1n-1 恰有 99 个因数。
恰有 99 个因数的数形如 p2q2p^2q^2(其中 p,qp,q 是不同质数)或形如 p8p^8。因为在所问的未来生日,Joey 的年龄是两位数,所以 n−1<99n-1\lt99;唯一可能是 22⋅32=362^2\cdot3^2=36。因此 Chloe 是 3737 岁,Joey 是 3838 岁。
Joey 的年龄 38+y38+y 是 1+y1+y 的倍数,当且仅当 1+y1+y 整除 3737。下一次发生在 y=36y=36,此时 Joey 是 7474 岁,数位和为 7+4=117+4=11。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let Chloe be nn today, so she is n−1n-1 years older than Zoe. In yy years Chloe’s age n+yn+y is a multiple of Zoe’s age 1+y1+y exactly when 1+y1+y divides n−1.n-1. Having 99 such birthdays means n−1n-1 has exactly 99 divisors.
A number with exactly 99 divisors has the form p2q2p^2q^2 for distinct primes p,q,p,q, or p8.p^8. Because Joey’s age at the requested future birthday has two digits, n−1<99;n-1\lt99; the only possibility is 22⋅32=36.2^2\cdot3^2=36. So Chloe is 3737 and Joey is 38.38.
Joey’s age 38+y38+y is a multiple of 1+y1+y exactly when 1+y1+y divides 37.37. The next time is y=36,y=36, making Joey 74,74, with digit sum 7+4=11.7+4=11.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
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