2015 AMC 12A 第 19 题

先试着解答 2015 AMC 12A 第 19 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2015 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

19.

对某些正整数 pp,存在一个四边形 ABCDABCD,它的边长都是正整数,周长为 pp,在 BB 和 CC 处为直角,且 AB=2AB = 2、CD=ADCD = AD。满足 p<2015p \lt 2015 的不同周长有多少个?
For some positive integers p,p, there is a quadrilateral ABCDABCD with positive integer side lengths, perimeter p,p, right angles at BB and C,C, AB=2,AB = 2, and CD=AD.CD = AD. How many different values of p<2015p \lt 2015 are possible?
3030
3131
6161
6262
6363
答案:B
知识点:勾股定理区间内整数计数
小提示:
从 AA 向 CD‾\overline{CD} 作垂线;结合 B,CB,C 处的直角,会形成一个长方形
Drop a perpendicular from AA to CD‾;\overline{CD}; with right angles at B,C,B,C, that creates a rectangle
大提示:
若 AE=xAE = x 且 DE=yDE = y 则 x2+y2=(2+y)2x^2 + y^2 = (2+y)^2,这会迫使 xx 为偶数
If AE=xAE = x and DE=yDE = y then x2+y2=(2+y)2,x^2 + y^2 = (2+y)^2, which forces xx to be even
解答:
在每个这样的四边形中,CD≥ABCD \ge AB。设 EE 为从 AA 向 CD‾\overline{CD} 所作垂线的垂足,则 CE=2CE = 2 且 AE=BCAE = BC。令 x=AEx = AE、y=DEy = DE,所以 AD=2+yAD = 2 + y。
根据勾股定理,x2+y2=(2+y)2x^2 + y^2 = (2+y)^2,所以 x2=4+4yx^2 = 4 + 4y,且 xx 为偶数。写作 x=2zx = 2z 得 y=z2−1y = z^2 - 1,周长为 x+2y+6=2z2+2z+4。x + 2y + 6 = 2z^2 + 2z + 4\text{。}
递增的 z=1,2,3,…z = 1, 2, 3, \dots 给出满足条件且周长递增的四边形。当 z=31z = 31 时周长为 19881988,当 z=32z = 32 时为 21162116。因此 p<2015p \lt 2015 的可能值有 3131 个。
因此,正确答案是 B。
In every such quadrilateral CD≥AB.CD \ge AB. Let EE be the foot of the perpendicular from AA to CD‾;\overline{CD}; then CE=2CE = 2 and AE=BC.AE = BC. Let x=AEx = AE and y=DE,y = DE, so AD=2+y.AD = 2 + y.
By the Pythagorean Theorem x2+y2=(2+y)2,x^2 + y^2 = (2+y)^2, so x2=4+4yx^2 = 4 + 4y and xx is even. Writing x=2zx = 2z gives y=z2−1,y = z^2 - 1, and the perimeter is x+2y+6=2z2+2z+4.x + 2y + 6 = 2z^2 + 2z + 4.
Increasing values z=1,2,3,…z = 1, 2, 3, \dots give the required quadrilaterals with increasing perimeter. For z=31z = 31 the perimeter is 1988,1988, and for z=32z = 32 it is 2116.2116. Therefore there are 3131 possible values of p<2015.p \lt 2015.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
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