2015 AMC 12A 第 19 题

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19.

对某些正整数 pp,存在一个四边形 ABCDABCD,它的边长都是正整数,周长为 pp,在 BBCC 处为直角,且 AB=2AB = 2CD=ADCD = AD。满足 p<2015p \lt 2015 的不同周长有多少个?

For some positive integers p,p, there is a quadrilateral ABCDABCD with positive integer side lengths, perimeter p,p, right angles at BB and C,C, AB=2,AB = 2, and CD=AD.CD = AD. How many different values of p<2015p \lt 2015 are possible?

3030

3131

6161

6262

6363

答案:B
知识点:勾股定理区间内整数计数
难度评级:2010
解答:

在每个这样的四边形中,CDABCD \ge AB。设 EE 为从 AACD\overline{CD} 所作垂线的垂足,则 CE=2CE = 2AE=BCAE = BC。令 x=AEx = AEy=DEy = DE,所以 AD=2+yAD = 2 + y

根据勾股定理,x2+y2=(2+y)2x^2 + y^2 = (2+y)^2, 所以 x2=4+4yx^2 = 4 + 4y,且 xx 为偶数。写作 x=2zx = 2zy=z21y = z^2 - 1, 周长为 x+2y+6=2z2+2z+4.x + 2y + 6 = 2z^2 + 2z + 4.

递增的 z=1,2,3,z = 1, 2, 3, \dots 给出满足条件且周长递增的四边形。 当 z=31z = 31 时周长为 19881988, 当 z=32z = 32 时为 21162116。 因此 p<2015p \lt 2015 的可能值有 3131 个。

因此,正确答案是 B

In every such quadrilateral CDAB.CD \ge AB. Let EE be the foot of the perpendicular from AA to CD;\overline{CD}; then CE=2CE = 2 and AE=BC.AE = BC. Let x=AEx = AE and y=DE,y = DE, so AD=2+y.AD = 2 + y.

By the Pythagorean Theorem x2+y2=(2+y)2,x^2 + y^2 = (2+y)^2, so x2=4+4yx^2 = 4 + 4y and xx is even. Writing x=2zx = 2z gives y=z21,y = z^2 - 1, and the perimeter is x+2y+6=2z2+2z+4.x + 2y + 6 = 2z^2 + 2z + 4.

Increasing values z=1,2,3,z = 1, 2, 3, \dots give the required quadrilaterals with increasing perimeter. For z=31z = 31 the perimeter is 1988,1988, and for z=32z = 32 it is 2116.2116. Therefore there are 3131 possible values of p<2015.p \lt 2015.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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