2011 AMC 12B 第 24 题

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24.

P(z)=z8+(43+6)z4P(z)=z^8+(4\sqrt{3}+6)z^4 (43+7)-(4\sqrt{3}+7)。在复平面中,以 P(z)P(z) 的所有零点为顶点的 88 边形中,最小周长是多少?

Let P(z)=z8+(43+6)z4P(z)=z^8+(4\sqrt{3}+6)z^4 (43+7).-(4\sqrt{3}+7). What is the minimum perimeter among all the 88-sided polygons in the complex plane whose vertices are precisely the zeros of P(z)?P(z)?

43+44\sqrt{3}+4

828\sqrt{2}

32+363\sqrt{2}+3\sqrt{6}

42+434\sqrt{2}+4\sqrt{3}

43+64\sqrt{3}+6

答案:B
知识点:复数单位根因式分解
难度评级:2520
解答:

z4z^4 分解: 第一因子给出根 1,1,i,i1,-1,i,-i。又因为 43+7=(3+2)24\sqrt3+7=(\sqrt3+2)^2,且 2(3+2)=(3+1)22(\sqrt3+2)=(\sqrt3+1)^2,令 w=12(3+1)w=\tfrac12(\sqrt3+1),另四个根为 w(±1±i)w(\pm1\pm i)P(z)=(z41)(z4+(43+7)). \begin{aligned} P(z) &=(z^4-1) \\ &\quad {}\cdot\big(z^4+(4\sqrt3+7)\big). \end{aligned}

这八个根关于原点对称,并具有 44 重旋转对称性;任意两个根之间的线段长度至少为 2\sqrt2。因此任何这样的八边形周长至少为 828\sqrt2,而依次取顶点 11w(1+i)w(1+i)iiw(1+i)w(-1+i)1-1w(1i)w(-1-i)i-iw(1i)w(1-i) 时可达到该下界。

所以正确答案是 B

Factoring in z4,z^4, P(z)=(z41)(z4+(43+7)). \begin{aligned} P(z) &=(z^4-1) \\ &\quad {}\cdot\big(z^4+(4\sqrt3+7)\big). \end{aligned} The first factor gives the roots 1,1,i,i.1,-1,i,-i. Since 43+7=(3+2)24\sqrt3+7=(\sqrt3+2)^2 and 2(3+2)=(3+1)2,2(\sqrt3+2)=(\sqrt3+1)^2, writing w=12(3+1)w=\tfrac12(\sqrt3+1) the other four roots are w(±1±i).w(\pm1\pm i).

The eight roots are symmetric about the origin with 44-fold symmetry, and every segment joining two of them has length at least 2.\sqrt2. Thus any such polygon has perimeter at least 82,8\sqrt2, and the polygon with vertices 1,1, w(1+i),w(1+i), i,i, w(1+i),w(-1+i), 1,-1, w(1i),w(-1-i), i,-i, w(1i)w(1-i) achieves it.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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