2007 AMC 12A 第 25 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

25.

如果一个整数集合在任意三个连续整数中至多包含一个整数,就称它为稀疏集合。集合 {1,2,3,,12}\{1,2,3,\ldots,12\} 有多少个子集(包括空集)是稀疏集合?

Call a set of integers spacy if it contains no more than one out of any three consecutive integers. How many subsets of {1,2,3,,12},\{1,2,3,\ldots,12\}, including the empty set, are spacy?

121121

123123

125125

127127

129129

答案:E
知识点:递推计数子集
难度评级:2240
解答:

cnc_n{1,,n}\{1,\ldots,n\} 的稀疏子集个数。一个稀疏子集要么不包含 nn(有 cn1c_{n-1} 种),要么包含 nn,此时它不能包含 n1n-1n2n-2(有 cn3c_{n-3} 种)。

因此 cn=cn1+cn3c_n=c_{n-1}+c_{n-3}, 且 c1=2c_1=2c2=3c_2=3c3=4c_3=4

这个数列继续为 6,9,13,19,28,41,60,88,1296,9,13,19,28,41,60,88,129, 所以 c12=129c_{12}=129

因此,正确答案是 E

Let cnc_n be the number of spacy subsets of {1,,n}.\{1,\ldots,n\}. A spacy subset either omits nn (there are cn1c_{n-1} of these) or contains n,n, in which case it omits n1n-1 and n2n-2 (there are cn3c_{n-3} of these).

Hence cn=cn1+cn3,c_n=c_{n-1}+c_{n-3}, with c1=2,c_1=2, c2=3,c_2=3, c3=4.c_3=4.

The sequence continues 6,9,13,19,28,41,60,88,129,6,9,13,19,28,41,60,88,129, so c12=129.c_{12}=129.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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