2007 AMC 12A 真题

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1.

一张演出票的全价是 $20\$20。Susan 用一张优惠券买了 44 张票,优惠券给她 25%25\% 的折扣。Pam 用一张优惠券买了 55 张票,优惠券给她 30%30\% 的折扣。Pam 比 Susan 多付了多少美元?

One ticket to a show costs $20\$20 at full price. Susan buys 44 tickets using a coupon that gives her a 25%25\% discount. Pam buys 55 tickets using a coupon that gives her a 30%30\% discount. How many more dollars does Pam pay than Susan?

22

55

1010

1515

2020

答案:C
知识点:百分数钱币
难度评级:920
小提示:

25%25\% 的折扣表示支付全价的 75%75\%30%30\% 的折扣表示支付全价的 70%70\%

A 25%25\% discount means paying 75%75\% of full price, and a 30%30\% discount means paying 70%70\%

大提示:

Susan 支付 4200.754\cdot 20\cdot 0.75,Pam 支付 5200.705\cdot 20\cdot 0.70

Susan pays 4200.754\cdot 20\cdot 0.75 and Pam pays 5200.705\cdot 20\cdot 0.70

解答:

Susan 支付 (4)(0.75)(20)=60(4)(0.75)(20)=60 美元。

Pam 支付 (5)(0.70)(20)=70(5)(0.70)(20)=70 美元。

所以 Pam 比 Susan 多付 7060=1070-60=10 美元。

因此,正确答案是 C

Susan pays (4)(0.75)(20)=60(4)(0.75)(20)=60 dollars.

Pam pays (5)(0.70)(20)=70(5)(0.70)(20)=70 dollars.

So Pam pays 7060=1070-60=10 more dollars than Susan.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

2.

一个水族箱的长方形底面为 100100 厘米乘 4040 厘米,高为 5050 厘米。箱中水面高度为 4040 厘米。把一块底面为 4040 厘米乘 2020 厘米、高为 1010 厘米的长方体砖放入水族箱。水面会上升多少厘米?

An aquarium has a rectangular base that measures 100100 cm by 4040 cm and has a height of 5050 cm. It is filled with water to a height of 4040 cm. A brick with a rectangular base that measures 4040 cm by 2020 cm and a height of 1010 cm is placed in the aquarium. By how many centimeters does the water rise?

0.50.5

11

1.51.5

22

2.52.5

答案:D
知识点:体积长方体
难度评级:1020
小提示:

浸入水中的砖会排开与自身体积相同的水。

The submerged brick displaces its own volume of water

大提示:

水面上升高度等于砖的体积除以水族箱的底面积。

The rise equals the brick’s volume divided by the aquarium’s base area

解答:

砖的体积是 402010=800040\cdot 20\cdot 10=8000 立方厘米。

如果水面上升 hh 厘米,增加的水体积是 10040h=4000h100\cdot 40\cdot h=4000h 立方厘米。

令它等于砖的体积,得 8000=4000h8000=4000h,所以 h=2h=2

因此,正确答案是 D

The brick has a volume of 402010=800040\cdot 20\cdot 10=8000 cubic centimeters.

If the water rises by hh centimeters, the added volume is 10040h=4000h100\cdot 40\cdot h=4000h cubic centimeters.

Setting this equal to the brick’s volume gives 8000=4000h,8000=4000h, so h=2.h=2.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

3.

两个连续奇整数中,较大的一个是较小的一个的三倍。它们的和是多少?

The larger of two consecutive odd integers is three times the smaller. What is their sum?

44

88

1212

1616

2020

答案:A
知识点:一次方程
难度评级:890
小提示:

设较小的奇整数为 xx,则较大的为 x+2x+2

Let the smaller odd integer be x,x, so the larger is x+2x+2

大提示:

x+2=3xx+2=3x,然后把两个整数相加。

Solve x+2=3x,x+2=3x, then add the two integers

解答:

设较小的整数为 xx。那么较大的整数为 x+2x+2

于是 x+2=3xx+2=3x,得 x=1x=1

两个整数是 1133,它们的和是 44

因此,正确答案是 A

Let the smaller integer be x.x. Then the larger is x+2.x+2.

So x+2=3x,x+2=3x, which gives x=1.x=1.

The two integers are 11 and 3,3, and their sum is 4.4.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

4.

Kate 以 1616 英里每小时的速度骑自行车 3030 分钟,然后以 44 英里每小时的速度步行 9090 分钟。她全程的平均速度是多少英里每小时?

Kate rode her bicycle for 3030 minutes at a speed of 1616 mph, then walked for 9090 minutes at a speed of 44 mph. What was her overall average speed in miles per hour?

77

99

1010

1212

1414

答案:A
难度评级:1130
小提示:

平均速度是总路程除以总时间,不是两个速度的平均值。

Average speed is total distance divided by total time, not the average of the two speeds

大提示:

她骑了 88 英里,走了 66 英里,总时间为 22 小时。

She rides 88 miles and walks 66 miles over a total of 22 hours

解答:

Kate 以每小时 1616 英里的速度骑了 12\tfrac12 小时,行进了 88 英里。

她以每小时 44 英里的速度走了 32\tfrac32 小时,行进了 66 英里。

她在 22 小时内共行进 1414 英里,所以平均速度是每小时 77 英里。

因此,正确答案是 A

Kate rode for 12\tfrac12 hour at 1616 mph, covering 88 miles.

She walked for 32\tfrac32 hours at 44 mph, covering 66 miles.

She covered 1414 miles in 22 hours, so her average speed was 77 mph.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

5.

去年 John Q. Public 先生得到了一笔遗产。他为这笔遗产缴纳了 20%20\% 的联邦税,并对剩余的钱缴纳了 10%10\% 的州税。他两项税共缴纳 $10,500\$10{,}500。这笔遗产是多少美元?

Last year Mr. John Q. Public received an inheritance. He paid 20%20\% in federal taxes on the inheritance, and paid 10%10\% of what he had left in state taxes. He paid a total of $10,500\$10{,}500 for both taxes. How many dollars was the inheritance?

30,00030{,}000

32,50032{,}500

35,00035{,}000

37,50037{,}500

40,00040{,}000

答案:D
知识点:百分数逆推法
难度评级:1200
小提示:

缴纳 20%20\% 的联邦税后,剩下 80%80\%;州税是这部分的 10%10\%

After the 20%20\% federal tax, 80%80\% remains; the state tax is 10%10\% of that

大提示:

两项税合计为遗产的 20%+8%=28%20\%+8\%=28\%

The two taxes together are 20%+8%=28%20\%+8\%=28\% of the inheritance

解答:

缴纳联邦税后,Public 先生保留遗产的 80%80\%

他为这部分缴纳 10%10\% 的州税,也就是遗产的 8%8\%

总税额是遗产的 20%+8%=28%20\%+8\%=28\%,所以遗产为 $10,5000.28=$37,500\frac{\$10{,}500}{0.28}=\$37{,}500

因此,正确答案是 D

After federal taxes, Mr. Public keeps 80%80\% of his inheritance.

He pays 10%10\% of that in state taxes, which is 8%8\% of the inheritance.

His total tax is 20%+8%=28%20\%+8\%=28\% of the inheritance, so the inheritance is $10,5000.28=$37,500.\frac{\$10{,}500}{0.28}=\$37{,}500.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

6.

三角形 ABCABCADCADC 都是等腰三角形,其中 AB=BCAB=BCAD=DCAD=DC。点 DDABC\triangle ABC 内部,ABC=40\angle ABC=40^\circ,且 ADC=140\angle ADC=140^\circ。求 BAD\angle BAD 的度数。

Triangles ABCABC and ADCADC are isosceles with AB=BCAB=BC and AD=DC.AD=DC. Point DD is inside ABC,\triangle ABC, ABC=40,\angle ABC=40^\circ, and ADC=140.\angle ADC=140^\circ. What is the degree measure of BAD?\angle BAD?

2020

3030

4040

5050

6060

答案:D
难度评级:1200
小提示:

在每个等腰三角形中,两个底角相等。

In each isosceles triangle the two base angles are equal

大提示:

BAC=12(18040)\angle BAC=\tfrac12(180^\circ-40^\circ),且 DAC=12(180140)\angle DAC=\tfrac12(180^\circ-140^\circ);再相减。

BAC=12(18040)\angle BAC=\tfrac12(180^\circ-40^\circ) and DAC=12(180140)\angle DAC=\tfrac12(180^\circ-140^\circ); subtract

解答:

因为 ABC\triangle ABC 是等腰三角形,BAC=12(180ABC)\angle BAC=\tfrac12(180^\circ-\angle ABC) =70=70^\circ

因为 ADC\triangle ADC 是等腰三角形,DAC=12(180ADC)\angle DAC=\tfrac12(180^\circ-\angle ADC) =20=20^\circ

因此 BAD=BACDAC\angle BAD=\angle BAC-\angle DAC =7020=70^\circ-20^\circ =50=50^\circ

因此,正确答案是 D

Since ABC\triangle ABC is isosceles, BAC=12(180ABC)\angle BAC=\tfrac12(180^\circ-\angle ABC) =70.=70^\circ.

Since ADC\triangle ADC is isosceles, DAC=12(180ADC)\angle DAC=\tfrac12(180^\circ-\angle ADC) =20.=20^\circ.

Therefore BAD=BACDAC\angle BAD=\angle BAC-\angle DAC =7020=70^\circ-20^\circ =50.=50^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

7.

aabbccddee 是一个等差数列中的连续五项,并且 a+b+c+d+e=30a+b+c+d+e=30。下列哪一项能够确定?

Let a,a, b,b, c,c, d,d, and ee be five consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence, and suppose that a+b+c+d+e=30.a+b+c+d+e=30. Which of the following can be found?

aa

bb

cc

dd

ee

答案:C
难度评级:1130
小提示:

把五项写成 c2D, cD, cc-2D,\ c-D,\ c c+D, c+2D\ c+D,\ c+2D,其中 DD 是公差。

Write the five terms as c2D, cD, c,c-2D,\ c-D,\ c,  c+D, c+2D\ c+D,\ c+2D for a common difference DD

大提示:

总和化简为 5c5c,而外侧各项仍取决于未知的 DD

The sum collapses to 5c,5c, while the outer terms still depend on the unknown DD

解答:

DD 为公差。那么 a=c2Da=c-2Db=cDb=c-Dd=c+Dd=c+D,且 e=c+2De=c+2D,所以 a+b+c+d+e=5ca+b+c+d+e=5c\text{。}

因此 5c=305c=30,得 c=6c=6

其他项不能确定:数列 4,5,6,7,84,5,6,7,810,8,6,4,210,8,6,4,2 都满足条件,但除中间项外其余各项不同。

因此,正确答案是 C

Let DD be the common difference. Then a=c2D,a=c-2D, b=cD,b=c-D, d=c+D,d=c+D, and e=c+2D,e=c+2D, so a+b+c+d+e=5c.a+b+c+d+e=5c.

Thus 5c=30,5c=30, giving c=6.c=6.

The other terms cannot be determined: the sequences 4,5,6,7,84,5,6,7,8 and 10,8,6,4,210,8,6,4,2 both satisfy the conditions but differ in every term except the middle one.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

8.

在钟面上画一个星形多边形:从每个数字向顺时针数第五个数字画一条弦。也就是说,画从 121255、从 551010、从 101033 的弦,依此类推,最后回到 1212。这个星形多边形每个顶点处的角是多少度?

A star-polygon is drawn on a clock face by drawing a chord from each number to the fifth number counted clockwise from that number. That is, chords are drawn from 1212 to 5,5, from 55 to 10,10, from 1010 to 3,3, and so on, ending back at 12.12. What is the degree measure of the angle at each vertex in the star-polygon?

2020

2424

3030

3636

6060

答案:C
知识点:圆周角
难度评级:1350
小提示:

每个顶点角都是过钟面数字的圆中的圆周角。

Each vertex angle is an inscribed angle in the circle through the clock numbers

大提示:

在一个顶点相交的两条弦截出的弧跨过两个小时刻度,即 6060^\circ

The two chords meeting at a vertex cut off an arc spanning two hour-marks, or 6060^\circ

解答:

考虑在数字 55 处相交的两条弦。它们分别连到 12121010,因此它们所对的弧从 10101212

这段弧跨过十二个小时刻度中的两个,所以其度数为 212360=60\tfrac{2}{12}\cdot 360^\circ=60^\circ

根据圆周角定理,顶点角等于所对弧的一半,即 1260=30\tfrac12\cdot 60^\circ=30^\circ。由对称性,每个顶点角都是 3030^\circ

因此,正确答案是 C

Consider the two chords meeting at the number 5.5. They run to 1212 and to 10,10, so the arc they subtend extends from 1010 to 12.12.

That arc spans two of the twelve hour-marks, so its measure is 212360=60.\tfrac{2}{12}\cdot 360^\circ=60^\circ.

By the Inscribed Angle Theorem, the vertex angle is half the arc, or 1260=30.\tfrac12\cdot 60^\circ=30^\circ. By symmetry every vertex angle equals 30.30^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

9.

Yan 位于家和体育场之间的某处。要去体育场,他可以直接步行到体育场;或者先步行回家,再骑自行车去体育场。他骑车的速度是步行速度的 77 倍,并且两种选择所需时间相同。Yan 到家的距离与到体育场的距离之比是多少?

Yan is somewhere between his home and the stadium. To get to the stadium he can walk directly to the stadium, or else he can walk home and then ride his bicycle to the stadium. He rides 77 times as fast as he walks, and both choices require the same amount of time. What is the ratio of Yan’s distance from his home to his distance from the stadium?

23\dfrac{2}{3}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

45\dfrac{4}{5}

56\dfrac{5}{6}

67\dfrac{6}{7}

答案:B
难度评级:1440
小提示:

设步行速度为 ww,到家的距离为 xx,到体育场的距离为 yy

Let the walking speed be w,w, and let xx and yy be the distances to home and to the stadium

大提示:

令两种时间相等:yw=xw+x+y7w\dfrac{y}{w}=\dfrac{x}{w}+\dfrac{x+y}{7w}

Equate the two times: yw=xw+x+y7w\dfrac{y}{w}=\dfrac{x}{w}+\dfrac{x+y}{7w}

解答:

ww 为步行速度,xxyy 分别为 Yan 到家和到体育场的距离。

步行到体育场需要 yw\dfrac{y}{w}。先走回家再骑车需要 xw+x+y7w=8x+y7w\dfrac{x}{w}+\dfrac{x+y}{7w}=\dfrac{8x+y}{7w}

令两者相等,得 7y=8x+y7y=8x+y,所以 8x=6y8x=6yxy=34\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{3}{4}

因此,正确答案是 B

Let ww be the walking speed and let xx and yy be Yan’s distances from home and from the stadium.

Walking to the stadium takes yw.\dfrac{y}{w}. Walking home then biking takes xw+x+y7w=8x+y7w.\dfrac{x}{w}+\dfrac{x+y}{7w}=\dfrac{8x+y}{7w}.

Setting these equal gives 7y=8x+y,7y=8x+y, so 8x=6y8x=6y and xy=34.\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{3}{4}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

一个边长比为 3:4:53:4:5 的三角形内接于半径为 33 的圆。这个三角形的面积是多少?

A triangle with side lengths in the ratio 3:4:53:4:5 is inscribed in a circle of radius 3.3. What is the area of the triangle?

8.648.64

1212

5π5\pi

17.2817.28

1818

答案:A
难度评级:1290
小提示:

3 ⁣: ⁣4 ⁣: ⁣53\!:\!4\!:\!5 三角形是直角三角形,所以它的斜边是圆的直径。

A 3 ⁣: ⁣4 ⁣: ⁣53\!:\!4\!:\!5 triangle is right-angled, so its hypotenuse is a diameter of the circle

大提示:

斜边 5x5x 等于直径 66,然后面积为 12(3x)(4x)\tfrac12(3x)(4x)

The hypotenuse 5x5x equals the diameter 6,6, then the area is 12(3x)(4x)\tfrac12(3x)(4x)

解答:

设三边为 3x3x4x4x5x5x。该三角形是直角三角形,所以斜边是直径。

因此 5x=23=65x=2\cdot 3=6,得 x=65x=\tfrac65

面积为 123x4x=6x2\tfrac12\cdot 3x\cdot 4x=6x^2 =63625=6\cdot\tfrac{36}{25} =21625=8.64=\tfrac{216}{25}=8.64

因此,正确答案是 A

Let the sides be 3x,3x, 4x,4x, and 5x.5x. The triangle is right, so its hypotenuse is a diameter.

Thus 5x=23=6,5x=2\cdot 3=6, giving x=65.x=\tfrac65.

The area is 123x4x=6x2\tfrac12\cdot 3x\cdot 4x=6x^2 =63625=6\cdot\tfrac{36}{25} =21625=8.64.=\tfrac{216}{25}=8.64.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

11.

一个由三位整数构成的有限数列具有如下性质:每一项的十位数字和个位数字分别是下一项的百位数字和十位数字,而最后一项的十位数字和个位数字分别是第一项的百位数字和十位数字。例如,这样的数列可以从 247247475475756756 开始,并以 824824 结束。设 SS 为数列中所有项的和。总是整除 SS 的最大质数是多少?

A finite sequence of three-digit integers has the property that the tens and units digits of each term are, respectively, the hundreds and tens digits of the next term, and the tens and units digits of the last term are, respectively, the hundreds and tens digits of the first term. For example, such a sequence might begin with terms 247,247, 475,475, and 756756 and end with the term 824.824. Let SS be the sum of all the terms in the sequence. What is the largest prime number that always divides S?S?

33

77

1313

3737

4343

答案:D
知识点:位值整除性
难度评级:1500
小提示:

在整个循环中,每个出现的数字作为百位、十位和个位的次数相同。

Across the whole cycle, each digit serves once as a hundreds digit, once as a tens digit, and once as a units digit

大提示:

总和是所有个位数字之和的 111111 倍,而 111=337111=3\cdot 37

The sum is 111111 times the total of the units digits, and 111=337111=3\cdot 37

解答:

由于循环性质,每个出现的数字在百位、十位和个位上出现的次数相同。

设所有项个位数字之和为 kk,则 S=100k+10k+k=111kS=100k+10k+k=111k =337k=3\cdot 37\cdot k

所以 SS 总能被 3737 整除。它不一定能被更大的数整除:数列 123,231,312123,231,312 给出 S=666=23237S=666=2\cdot 3^2\cdot 37

因此,正确答案是 D

Because of the cycling property, each digit that appears is used the same number of times in the hundreds, tens, and units places.

Let kk be the sum of the units digits over all terms. Then S=100k+10k+k=111kS=100k+10k+k=111k =337k.=3\cdot 37\cdot k.

So SS is always divisible by 37.37. It need not be divisible by anything larger: the sequence 123,231,312123,231,312 gives S=666=23237.S=666=2\cdot 3^2\cdot 37.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

12.

整数 aabbccdd0020072007(含端点)中独立随机选取,不要求互不相同。adbcad-bc 为偶数的概率是多少?

Integers a,a, b,b, c,c, and d,d, not necessarily distinct, are chosen independently and at random from 00 to 2007,2007, inclusive. What is the probability that adbcad-bc is even?

38\dfrac{3}{8}

716\dfrac{7}{16}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

916\dfrac{9}{16}

58\dfrac{5}{8}

答案:E
难度评级:1410
小提示:

adbcad-bc 为偶数,当且仅当 adadbcbc 奇偶性相同。

adbcad-bc is even exactly when adad and bcbc have the same parity

大提示:

adad 这样的乘积为奇数的概率是 14\tfrac14,为偶数的概率是 34\tfrac34

A product like adad is odd with probability 14\tfrac14 and even with probability 34\tfrac34

解答:

0020072007 的整数中恰好有一半是奇数。

乘积 adad 只有在两个因数都是奇数时才是奇数,概率为 1212=14\tfrac12\cdot\tfrac12=\tfrac14,因此为偶数的概率为 34\tfrac34bcbc 也同理。

因此 adbcad-bc 在两个乘积都为奇数或都为偶数时为偶数:1414+3434=1016=58\tfrac14\cdot\tfrac14+\tfrac34\cdot\tfrac34=\tfrac{10}{16}=\tfrac58\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

Exactly half of the integers from 00 to 20072007 are odd.

A product adad is odd only when both factors are odd, with probability 1212=14,\tfrac12\cdot\tfrac12=\tfrac14, and even with probability 34.\tfrac34. The same holds for bc.bc.

Then adbcad-bc is even when both products are odd or both are even: 1414+3434=1016=58.\tfrac14\cdot\tfrac14+\tfrac34\cdot\tfrac34=\tfrac{10}{16}=\tfrac58.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

13.

一块奶酪位于坐标平面上的 (12,10)(12,10)。一只老鼠在 (4,2)(4,-2),并沿直线 y=5x+18y=-5x+18 向上跑。在点 (a,b)(a,b) 处,老鼠开始离奶酪越来越远,而不是越来越近。求 a+ba+b

A piece of cheese is located at (12,10)(12,10) in a coordinate plane. A mouse is at (4,2)(4,-2) and is running up the line y=5x+18.y=-5x+18. At the point (a,b)(a,b) the mouse starts getting farther from the cheese rather than closer to it. What is a+b?a+b?

66

1010

1414

1818

2222

答案:B
知识点:坐标几何斜率
难度评级:1410
小提示:

直线上距离奶酪最近的点是从奶酪向该直线作垂线的垂足。

The closest point on the line is the foot of the perpendicular from the cheese

大提示:

(12,10)(12,10) 的垂线斜率为 15\tfrac15;求它与 y=5x+18y=-5x+18 的交点。

The perpendicular through (12,10)(12,10) has slope 15\tfrac15; intersect it with y=5x+18y=-5x+18

解答:

老鼠在从 (12,10)(12,10) 到该直线的垂足处最接近奶酪。

这条垂线斜率为 15\tfrac15,所以方程为 y=10+15(x12)=15x+385y=10+\tfrac15(x-12)=\tfrac15 x+\tfrac{38}{5}

15x+385=5x+18\tfrac15 x+\tfrac{38}{5}=-5x+18,得 x=2x=2y=8y=8。因此 (a,b)=(2,8)(a,b)=(2,8)a+b=10a+b=10

因此,正确答案是 B

The mouse is closest to the cheese at the foot of the perpendicular from (12,10)(12,10) to the line.

This perpendicular has slope 15,\tfrac15, so its equation is y=10+15(x12)=15x+385.y=10+\tfrac15(x-12)=\tfrac15 x+\tfrac{38}{5}.

Setting 15x+385=5x+18\tfrac15 x+\tfrac{38}{5}=-5x+18 gives x=2x=2 and y=8.y=8. Thus (a,b)=(2,8)(a,b)=(2,8) and a+b=10.a+b=10.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

14.

aabbccdd,和 ee 为互不相同的整数,且

(6a)(6b)(6c)(6d)(6e)=45 \begin{aligned} &(6-a)(6-b)(6-c) \\ &\quad {}\cdot(6-d)(6-e) \\ &=45 \end{aligned}\text{。}

a+b+c+d+ea+b+c+d+e

Let a,a, b,b, c,c, d,d, and ee be distinct integers such that

(6a)(6b)(6c)(6d)(6e)=45. \begin{aligned} &(6-a)(6-b)(6-c) \\ &\quad {}\cdot(6-d)(6-e) \\ &=45. \end{aligned}

What is a+b+c+d+e?a+b+c+d+e?

55

1717

2525

2727

3030

答案:C
难度评级:1440
小提示:

五个因数 6a,,6e6-a,\ldots,6-e 是乘积为 4545 的互不相同的整数。

The five factors 6a,,6e6-a,\ldots,6-e are distinct integers whose product is 4545

大提示:

检验 4545 的正负因数;只有 {3,1,1,3,5}\{-3,-1,1,3,5\} 能给出五个互不相同的因数。

Check the positive and negative divisors of 4545; only {3,1,1,3,5}\{-3,-1,1,3,5\} gives five distinct factors

解答:

五个因数是乘积为 4545 的互不相同的非零整数,因此每个因数都是 4545 的正因数或负因数。检验 ±1,±3,±5,±9,±15,±45\pm1,\pm3,\pm5,\pm9,\pm15,\pm45,只有五元集合 {3,1,1,3,5}\{-3,-1,1,3,5\} 的乘积为 4545

那么 a,b,c,d,ea,b,c,d,e 按某种顺序为 9,7,5,3,19,7,5,3,1,它们的和是 2525

因此,正确答案是 C

The five factors are distinct nonzero integers with product 45,45, so each is a positive or negative divisor of 45.45. Checking ±1,±3,±5,±9,±15,±45,\pm1,\pm3,\pm5,\pm9,\pm15,\pm45, only the five-element set {3,1,1,3,5}\{-3,-1,1,3,5\} has product 45.45.

Then a,b,c,d,ea,b,c,d,e are 9,7,5,3,19,7,5,3,1 in some order, and their sum is 25.25.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

15.

集合 {3,6,9,10}\{3,6,9,10\} 增加第五个元素 nn,且 nn 不等于原来的四个数。新集合的中位数等于它的平均数。这个新元素所有可能值之和是多少?

The set {3,6,9,10}\{3,6,9,10\} is augmented by a fifth element n,n, not equal to any of the other four. The median of the resulting set is equal to its mean. What is the sum of all possible values of n?n?

77

99

1919

2424

2626

答案:E
难度评级:1500
小提示:

五个数的平均数是 28+n5\dfrac{28+n}{5}

The mean of the five numbers is 28+n5\dfrac{28+n}{5}

大提示:

分情况讨论:当 n<6n\lt 6 时中位数为 66;当 6<n<96\lt n\lt 9 时中位数为 nn;当 n>9n\gt 9 时中位数为 99

Split into cases: the median is 66 when n<6,n\lt 6, it is nn when 6<n<9,6\lt n\lt 9, and 99 when n>9n\gt 9

解答:

平均数是 28+n5\dfrac{28+n}{5}

如果 n<6n\lt 6,中位数是 66,所以 28+n=3028+n=30n=2n=2

如果 6<n<96\lt n\lt 9,中位数是 nn,所以 28+n=5n28+n=5nn=7n=7

如果 n>9n\gt 9,中位数是 99,所以 28+n=4528+n=45n=17n=17

所有可能值之和为 2+7+17=262+7+17=26

因此,正确答案是 E

The mean is 28+n5.\dfrac{28+n}{5}.

If n<6,n\lt 6, the median is 6,6, so 28+n=3028+n=30 and n=2.n=2.

If 6<n<9,6\lt n\lt 9, the median is n,n, so 28+n=5n28+n=5n and n=7.n=7.

If n>9,n\gt 9, the median is 9,9, so 28+n=4528+n=45 and n=17.n=17.

The sum of all possible values is 2+7+17=26.2+7+17=26.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

16.

有多少个三位数由三个互不相同的数字组成,并且其中一个数字是另外两个数字的平均数?

How many three-digit numbers are composed of three distinct digits such that one digit is the average of the other two?

9696

104104

112112

120120

256256

答案:C
难度评级:1630
小提示:

这三个数字必须按某种顺序构成一个等差数列。

The three digits must form an arithmetic progression in some order

大提示:

按公差数出等差数列组,再排列每组数字;含 00 的组排列数较少。

Count the progressions by common difference, then arrange each set, giving fewer arrangements for sets containing 00

解答:

三个互不相同的数字构成一个递增等差数列。按公差计数:公差为 1188 组,公差为 2266 组,公差为 3344 组,公差为 4422 组,共 2020 组。

其中 44 组含有 00(即 {0,1,2}\{0,1,2\}{0,2,4}\{0,2,4\}{0,3,6}\{0,3,6\}{0,4,8}\{0,4,8\});每组产生 22!=42\cdot 2!=4 个有效三位数,因为 00 不能放在首位。

另外 1616 组各产生 3!=63!=6 个数。总数为 44+166=1124\cdot 4+16\cdot 6=112

因此,正确答案是 C

The three distinct digits form an increasing arithmetic progression. Counting by common difference: 88 with difference 1,1, 66 with difference 2,2, 44 with difference 3,3, and 22 with difference 4,4, for 2020 sets.

Of these, 44 sets contain 00 (namely {0,1,2},\{0,1,2\}, {0,2,4},\{0,2,4\}, {0,3,6},\{0,3,6\}, {0,4,8}\{0,4,8\}); each yields 22!=42\cdot 2!=4 valid numbers since 00 cannot lead.

The other 1616 sets each yield 3!=63!=6 numbers. The total is 44+166=112.4\cdot 4+16\cdot 6=112.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

17.

已知 sina+sinb=53\sin a+\sin b=\sqrt{\tfrac53}cosa+cosb=1\cos a+\cos b=1。求 cos(ab)\cos(a-b)

Suppose that sina+sinb=53\sin a+\sin b=\sqrt{\tfrac53} and cosa+cosb=1.\cos a+\cos b=1. What is cos(ab)?\cos(a-b)?

531\sqrt{\dfrac53}-1

13\dfrac13

12\dfrac12

23\dfrac23

11

答案:B
难度评级:1570
小提示:

把两个已知等式分别平方再相加。

Square both given equations and add them

大提示:

使用 sin2θ+cos2θ=1\sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta=1 来分离 sinasinb+cosacosb\sin a\sin b+\cos a\cos b

Use sin2θ+cos2θ=1\sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta=1 to isolate sinasinb+cosacosb\sin a\sin b+\cos a\cos b

解答:

将两个等式平方,得 sin2a+2sinasinb+sin2b=53\sin^2 a+2\sin a\sin b+\sin^2 b=\tfrac53cos2a+2cosacosb\cos^2 a+2\cos a\cos b +cos2b=1+\cos^2 b=1

相加并两次使用 sin2θ+cos2θ=1\sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta=1,得 2+2(sinasinb+cosacosb)=83 \begin{aligned} &2+2(\sin a\sin b+\cos a\cos b) \\ &=\tfrac83 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以 cos(ab)=sinasinb\cos(a-b)=\sin a\sin b +cosacosb+\cos a\cos b =13=\tfrac13

因此,正确答案是 B

Squaring both equations gives sin2a+2sinasinb+sin2b=53\sin^2 a+2\sin a\sin b+\sin^2 b=\tfrac53 and cos2a+2cosacosb\cos^2 a+2\cos a\cos b +cos2b=1.+\cos^2 b=1.

Adding and using sin2θ+cos2θ=1\sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta=1 twice, 2+2(sinasinb+cosacosb)=83. \begin{aligned} &2+2(\sin a\sin b+\cos a\cos b) \\ &=\tfrac83. \end{aligned}

So cos(ab)=sinasinb\cos(a-b)=\sin a\sin b +cosacosb+\cos a\cos b =13.=\tfrac13.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

18.

多项式 f(x)=x4+ax3+bx2+cx+df(x)=x^4+ax^3+bx^2+cx+d 的系数为实数,且 f(2i)=f(2+i)=0f(2i)=f(2+i)=0。求 a+b+c+da+b+c+d

The polynomial f(x)=x4+ax3+bx2+cx+df(x)=x^4+ax^3+bx^2+cx+d has real coefficients, and f(2i)=f(2+i)=0.f(2i)=f(2+i)=0. What is a+b+c+d?a+b+c+d?

00

11

44

99

1616

答案:D
知识点:复数多项式
难度评级:1630
小提示:

实系数保证共轭数 2i-2i2i2-i 也都是根。

Real coefficients force the conjugates 2i-2i and 2i2-i to be roots as well

大提示:

f(x)=(x2+4)(x24x+5)f(x)=(x^2+4)(x^2-4x+5);和 a+b+c+da+b+c+d 等于 f(1)1f(1)-1

f(x)=(x2+4)(x24x+5)f(x)=(x^2+4)(x^2-4x+5); the sum a+b+c+da+b+c+d equals f(1)1f(1)-1

解答:

因为 ff 的系数为实数,所以共轭数 2i-2i2i2-i 也是根。因此 f(x)=(x2+4)(x24x+5)=x44x3+9x216x+20 \begin{gathered} f(x) = (x^2+4)(x^2-4x+5) \\ = x^4-4x^3+9x^2 \\ {}-16x+20 \end{gathered}\text{。}

所以 a+b+c+d=4+9a+b+c+d=-4+9 16+20-16+20 =9=9。等价地,a+b+c+d=f(1)1a+b+c+d=f(1)-1 =(1+4)(1+1)1=(1+4)(1+1)-1 =9=9

因此,正确答案是 D

Since ff has real coefficients, the conjugates 2i-2i and 2i2-i are also roots. Thus f(x)=(x2+4)(x24x+5)=x44x3+9x216x+20. \begin{gathered} f(x) = (x^2+4)(x^2-4x+5) \\ = x^4-4x^3+9x^2 \\ {}-16x+20. \end{gathered}

Then a+b+c+d=4+9a+b+c+d=-4+9 16+20-16+20 =9.=9. Equivalently, a+b+c+d=f(1)1a+b+c+d=f(1)-1 =(1+4)(1+1)1=(1+4)(1+1)-1 =9.=9.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

19.

三角形 ABCABCADEADE 的面积分别为 2007200770027002,其中 B=(0,0)B=(0,0)C=(223,0)C=(223,0)D=(680,380)D=(680,380),且 E=(689,389)E=(689,389)。点 AA 所有可能的 xx 坐标之和是多少?

Triangles ABCABC and ADEADE have areas 20072007 and 7002,7002, respectively, with B=(0,0),B=(0,0), C=(223,0),C=(223,0), D=(680,380),D=(680,380), and E=(689,389).E=(689,389). What is the sum of all possible xx-coordinates of A?A?

282282

300300

600600

900900

12001200

答案:E
难度评级:1840
小提示:

ABC\triangle ABC 的面积确定了从 AABCBC 的高,所以 AAy=18y=18y=18y=-18 上。

The area of ABC\triangle ABC fixes the altitude from AA to BC,BC, so AA lies on y=18y=18 or y=18y=-18

大提示:

同理,AA 在两条与 DEDE 平行的直线之一上;四个交点的平均位置是一个平行四边形的中心。

Likewise AA lies on one of two lines parallel to DEDE; the four intersection points average to the center of a parallelogram

解答:

ABC\triangle ABC 中从 AA 出发的高 hh 满足 2007=12223h2007=\tfrac12\cdot 223\cdot h,所以 h=18h=18。因此 AAy=18y=18y=18y=-18 上。

直线 DEDE 的方程为 xy300=0x-y-300=0ADE\triangle ADE 的面积条件同样把 AA 限制在两条与 DEDE 平行的直线之一上。

AA 的四个可能位置是一个平行四边形的顶点,其中心是 y=0y=0 与直线 DEDE 的交点,即 (300,0)(300,0)。因此四个 xx 坐标之和为 4300=12004\cdot 300=1200

因此,正确答案是 E

The altitude hh from AA in ABC\triangle ABC satisfies 2007=12223h,2007=\tfrac12\cdot 223\cdot h, so h=18.h=18. Thus AA lies on y=18y=18 or y=18.y=-18.

Line DEDE has equation xy300=0.x-y-300=0. The condition on ADE\triangle ADE similarly places AA on one of two lines parallel to DE.DE.

The four possible positions of AA are the vertices of a parallelogram whose center is the intersection of y=0y=0 with line DE,DE, namely (300,0).(300,0). Hence the sum of the four xx-coordinates is 4300=1200.4\cdot 300=1200.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

20.

把一个单位立方体的各个角切去,使六个面都变成正八边形。被切去的四面体总体积是多少?

Corners are sliced off a unit cube so that the six faces each become regular octagons. What is the total volume of the removed tetrahedra?

5273\dfrac{5\sqrt2-7}{3}

10723\dfrac{10-7\sqrt2}{3}

3223\dfrac{3-2\sqrt2}{3}

82113\dfrac{8\sqrt2-11}{3}

6423\dfrac{6-4\sqrt2}{3}

答案:B
知识点:正方体体积
难度评级:1840
小提示:

从每条边的两端各切去长度 xx 后,留下的八边形边长为 x2x\sqrt2

Cutting length xx from each end of an edge leaves an octagon side of x2x\sqrt2

大提示:

1=2x+x21=2x+x\sqrt2xx;每个角上的四面体体积为 16x3\tfrac16 x^3

From 1=2x+x21=2x+x\sqrt2 find xx; each corner tetrahedron has volume 16x3\tfrac16 x^3

解答:

切角会从每条棱的两端各去掉长度 xx。每个八边形的边长为 x2x\sqrt2,且棱长满足 1=2x+x21=2x+x\sqrt2,所以 x=12+2=222x=\frac{1}{2+\sqrt2}=\frac{2-\sqrt2}{2}\text{。}

每个被切去的角都是三条互相垂直的棱长为 xx 的四面体,体积为 16x3\tfrac16 x^3。共有 88 个角,所以总体积为 816x3=43(222)3=10723 \begin{aligned} &8\cdot\tfrac16 x^3 \\ &=\tfrac43\left(\tfrac{2-\sqrt2}{2}\right)^3 \\ &=\frac{10-7\sqrt2}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Slicing removes two equal segments of length xx from each edge. Each octagon then has side length x2,x\sqrt2, and the edge satisfies 1=2x+x2,1=2x+x\sqrt2, so x=12+2=222.x=\frac{1}{2+\sqrt2}=\frac{2-\sqrt2}{2}.

Each removed corner is a tetrahedron with three mutually perpendicular legs of length x,x, so its volume is 16x3.\tfrac16 x^3. There are 88 corners, giving total volume 816x3=43(222)3=10723. \begin{aligned} &8\cdot\tfrac16 x^3 \\ &=\tfrac43\left(\tfrac{2-\sqrt2}{2}\right)^3 \\ &=\frac{10-7\sqrt2}{3}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

21.

函数 f(x)=ax2+bx+cf(x)=ax^2+bx+c 的零点之和、零点之积以及系数之和都相等。它们的公共值还必须等于下列哪一项?

The sum of the zeros, the product of the zeros, and the sum of the coefficients of the function f(x)=ax2+bx+cf(x)=ax^2+bx+c are equal. Their common value must also be which of the following?

x2x^2 的系数

the coefficient of x2x^2

xx 的系数

the coefficient of xx

图像 y=f(x)y=f(x)yy 截距

the yy-intercept of the graph of y=f(x)y=f(x)

图像 y=f(x)y=f(x) 的一个 xx 截距

one of the xx-intercepts of the graph of y=f(x)y=f(x)

图像 y=f(x)y=f(x)xx 截距的平均数

the mean of the xx-intercepts of the graph of y=f(x)y=f(x)

答案:A
难度评级:1660
小提示:

ax2+bx+cax^2+bx+c,零点之和为 ba-\tfrac ba,零点之积为 ca\tfrac ca

For ax2+bx+c,ax^2+bx+c, the sum of zeros is ba-\tfrac ba and the product is ca\tfrac ca

大提示:

令它们相等得到 c=bc=-b,所以系数之和 a+b+ca+b+c 会化简。

Setting these equal gives c=b,c=-b, so the sum of coefficients a+b+ca+b+c simplifies

解答:

零点之积为 ca\tfrac ca,零点之和为 ba-\tfrac ba。令它们相等,得 c=bc=-b

于是系数之和为 a+b+c=aa+b+c=a,这就是 x2x^2 的系数。

其他选项一般不成立:例如 f(x)=2x24x+4f(x)=-2x^2-4x+4 的公共值为 2-2,但 xx 的系数是 4-4yy 截距是 44xx 截距是 1±3-1\pm\sqrt3,它们的平均数是 1-1

因此,正确答案是 A

The product of the zeros is ca\tfrac ca and the sum of the zeros is ba.-\tfrac ba. Equating them gives c=b.c=-b.

Then the sum of the coefficients is a+b+c=a,a+b+c=a, which is the coefficient of x2.x^2.

The other choices fail in general: for f(x)=2x24x+4f(x)=-2x^2-4x+4 the common value is 2,-2, but the coefficient of xx is 4,-4, the yy-intercept is 4,4, the xx-intercepts are 1±3,-1\pm\sqrt3, and their mean is 1.-1.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

22.

对每个正整数 nn,设 S(n)S(n) 表示 nn 的各位数字之和。有多少个 nn 满足 n+S(n)+S(S(n))=2007n+S(n)+S(S(n))=2007

For each positive integer n,n, let S(n)S(n) denote the sum of the digits of n.n. For how many values of nn is n+S(n)+S(S(n))=2007?n+S(n)+S(S(n))=2007?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:D
难度评级:1910
小提示:

nnS(n)S(n)S(S(n))S(S(n)) 三者模 99 的余数相同。

All three of n,n, S(n),S(n), and S(S(n))S(S(n)) leave the same remainder modulo 99

大提示:

因为 2007200799 的倍数,所以三者都是 33 的倍数;此外 n20072810n\ge 2007-28-10

Since 20072007 is a multiple of 9,9, each is a multiple of 33; also n20072810n\ge 2007-28-10

解答:

n2007n\le 2007S(n)S(1999)=28S(n)\le S(1999)=28,进而 S(S(n))S(28)=10S(S(n))\le S(28)=10。所以任何解都满足 n20072810=1969n\ge 2007-28-10=1969

又因为 nnS(n)S(n)S(S(n))S(S(n))99 同余,而 2007200799 的倍数,所以三者都必须是 33 的倍数。

检查 1969196920072007 之间的 33 的倍数(许多数会因 n+S(n)n+S(n) 已超过 20072007 而被排除),剩下 1977,1980,19831977,1980,198320012001。共有 44 个值。

因此,正确答案是 D

For n2007,n\le 2007, S(n)S(1999)=28,S(n)\le S(1999)=28, and then S(S(n))S(28)=10.S(S(n))\le S(28)=10. So any solution has n20072810=1969.n\ge 2007-28-10=1969.

Also n,n, S(n),S(n), and S(S(n))S(S(n)) are congruent modulo 9,9, and 20072007 is a multiple of 9,9, so all three must be multiples of 3.3.

Checking the multiples of 33 between 19691969 and 20072007 (many are eliminated because n+S(n)n+S(n) already exceeds 20072007) leaves 1977,1980,1983,1977,1980,1983, and 2001.2001. That is 44 values.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

正方形 ABCDABCD 的面积为 3636,且 ABAB 平行于 xx 轴。顶点 AABBCC 分别在 y=logaxy=\log_a xy=2logaxy=2\log_a xy=3logaxy=3\log_a x 的图像上。求 aa

Square ABCDABCD has area 36,36, and ABAB is parallel to the xx-axis. Vertices A,A, B,B, and CC are on the graphs of y=logax,y=\log_a x, y=2logax,y=2\log_a x, and y=3logax,y=3\log_a x, respectively. What is a?a?

36\sqrt[6]{3}

3\sqrt3

63\sqrt[3]{6}

6\sqrt6

66

答案:A
难度评级:1990
小提示:

因为 ABAB 水平且长为 66,设 logap=2logaq\log_a p=2\log_a q,得 p=q2p=q^2

Since ABAB is horizontal with length 6,6, set logap=2logaq,\log_a p=2\log_a q, giving p=q2p=q^2

大提示:

q2q=6|q^2-q|=6 得到 qq,再使用 BC=6=logaqBC=6=\log_a q

Solve q2q=6|q^2-q|=6 for q,q, then use BC=6=logaqBC=6=\log_a q

解答:

A=(p,logap)A=(p,\log_a p)B=(q,2logaq)B=(q,2\log_a q)。因为 ABAB 水平,logap=2logaq=logaq2\log_a p=2\log_a q=\log_a q^2,所以 p=q2p=q^2

边长为 6=pq=q2q6=|p-q|=|q^2-q|,其唯一正解是 q=3q=3

因为 C=(q,3logaq)C=(q,3\log_a q),竖直边给出 BC=6=logaq=loga3BC=6=\log_a q=\log_a 3。因此 a6=3a^6=3,所以 a=36a=\sqrt[6]{3}

因此,正确答案是 A

Let A=(p,logap)A=(p,\log_a p) and B=(q,2logaq).B=(q,2\log_a q). Since ABAB is horizontal, logap=2logaq=logaq2,\log_a p=2\log_a q=\log_a q^2, so p=q2.p=q^2.

The side length is 6=pq=q2q,6=|p-q|=|q^2-q|, whose only positive solution is q=3.q=3.

Since C=(q,3logaq),C=(q,3\log_a q), the vertical side gives BC=6=logaq=loga3.BC=6=\log_a q=\log_a 3. Thus a6=3,a^6=3, so a=36.a=\sqrt[6]{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

24.

对每个整数 n>1n\gt 1,设 F(n)F(n) 为方程 sinx=sinnx\sin x=\sin nx 在区间 [0,π][0,\pi] 上的解的个数。求 n=22007F(n)\displaystyle\sum_{n=2}^{2007}F(n)

For each integer n>1,n\gt 1, let F(n)F(n) be the number of solutions of the equation sinx=sinnx\sin x=\sin nx on the interval [0,π].[0,\pi]. What is n=22007F(n)?\displaystyle\sum_{n=2}^{2007}F(n)?

2,014,5242{,}014{,}524

2,015,0282{,}015{,}028

2,015,0332{,}015{,}033

2,016,5322{,}016{,}532

2,017,0332{,}017{,}033

答案:D
难度评级:2420
小提示:

F(n)F(n) 计数 [0,π][0,\pi]y=sinxy=\sin xy=sinnxy=\sin nx 的交点,通常 sinnx\sin nx 的每个波峰对应两个交点。

F(n)F(n) counts intersections of y=sinxy=\sin x and y=sinnxy=\sin nx on [0,π],[0,\pi], usually two per hump of sinnx\sin nx

大提示:

除了 n1(mod4)n\equiv 1\pmod 4 时共享最大值会使数量降为 nn,其余情况 F(n)=n+1F(n)=n+1

F(n)=n+1F(n)=n+1 except when n1(mod4),n\equiv 1\pmod 4, where a shared maximum drops it to nn

解答:

在每个 sinnx0\sin nx\ge 0 的区间内,sinx\sin xsinnx\sin nx 的图像相交两次,除非它们在那里共享值 11,此时只相交一次。数出这些波峰并加上端点 (π,0)(\pi,0),可得到以下结论。

nn 为偶数或 n3(mod4)n\equiv 3\pmod 4 时,F(n)=n+1F(n)=n+1;当 n1(mod4)n\equiv 1\pmod 4 时, F(n)=nF(n)=n

因此 n=22007F(n)=n=22007(n+1)#{n1 ⁣ ⁣(mod4)} \begin{aligned} &\sum_{n=2}^{2007}F(n) \\ &=\sum_{n=2}^{2007}(n+1) \\ &\quad {}-\#\{n\equiv 1\!\!\pmod 4\}\text{。} \end{aligned} 第一个和为 2,017,0332{,}017{,}033,该范围内有 501501n1(mod4)n\equiv 1\pmod 4,所以结果为 2,017,033501=2,016,5322{,}017{,}033-501=2{,}016{,}532

因此,正确答案是 D

On each interval where sinnx0,\sin nx\ge 0, the graphs of sinx\sin x and sinnx\sin nx meet twice, unless they share the value 11 there, in which case they meet once. Counting the humps and the endpoint at (π,0)(\pi,0) gives

F(n)=n+1F(n)=n+1 when nn is even or n3(mod4),n\equiv 3\pmod 4, and F(n)=nF(n)=n when n1(mod4).n\equiv 1\pmod 4.

Thus n=22007F(n)=n=22007(n+1)#{n1 ⁣ ⁣(mod4)}. \begin{aligned} &\sum_{n=2}^{2007}F(n) \\ &=\sum_{n=2}^{2007}(n+1) \\ &\quad {}-\#\{n\equiv 1\!\!\pmod 4\}. \end{aligned} The first sum is 2,017,033,2{,}017{,}033, and there are 501501 values n1(mod4)n\equiv 1\pmod 4 in the range, giving 2,017,033501=2,016,532.2{,}017{,}033-501=2{,}016{,}532.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

25.

如果一个整数集合在任意三个连续整数中至多包含一个整数,就称它为稀疏集合。集合 {1,2,3,,12}\{1,2,3,\ldots,12\} 有多少个子集(包括空集)是稀疏集合?

Call a set of integers spacy if it contains no more than one out of any three consecutive integers. How many subsets of {1,2,3,,12},\{1,2,3,\ldots,12\}, including the empty set, are spacy?

121121

123123

125125

127127

129129

答案:E
知识点:递推计数子集
难度评级:2240
小提示:

cnc_n 表示 {1,,n}\{1,\ldots,n\} 的稀疏子集个数;按是否包含 nn 分类。

Let cnc_n count the spacy subsets of {1,,n}\{1,\ldots,n\}; condition on whether nn is included

大提示:

不包含 nncn1c_{n-1} 种;包含它会禁止 n1,n2n-1,n-2cn3c_{n-3} 种,所以 cn=cn1+cn3c_n=c_{n-1}+c_{n-3}

Excluding nn gives cn1c_{n-1}; including it forbids n1,n2,n-1,n-2, giving cn3,c_{n-3}, so cn=cn1+cn3c_n=c_{n-1}+c_{n-3}

解答:

cnc_n{1,,n}\{1,\ldots,n\} 的稀疏子集个数。一个稀疏子集要么不包含 nn(有 cn1c_{n-1} 种),要么包含 nn,此时它不能包含 n1n-1n2n-2(有 cn3c_{n-3} 种)。

因此 cn=cn1+cn3c_n=c_{n-1}+c_{n-3},且 c1=2c_1=2c2=3c_2=3c3=4c_3=4

这个数列继续为 6,9,13,19,28,41,60,88,1296,9,13,19,28,41,60,88,129,所以 c12=129c_{12}=129

因此,正确答案是 E

Let cnc_n be the number of spacy subsets of {1,,n}.\{1,\ldots,n\}. A spacy subset either omits nn (there are cn1c_{n-1} of these) or contains n,n, in which case it omits n1n-1 and n2n-2 (there are cn3c_{n-3} of these).

Hence cn=cn1+cn3,c_n=c_{n-1}+c_{n-3}, with c1=2,c_1=2, c2=3,c_2=3, c3=4.c_3=4.

The sequence continues 6,9,13,19,28,41,60,88,129,6,9,13,19,28,41,60,88,129, so c12=129.c_{12}=129.

Thus, the correct answer is E.