2007 AMC 12A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
一张演出票的全价是 。Susan 用一张优惠券买了 张票,优惠券给她 的折扣。Pam 用一张优惠券买了 张票,优惠券给她 的折扣。Pam 比 Susan 多付了多少美元?
One ticket to a show costs at full price. Susan buys tickets using a coupon that gives her a discount. Pam buys tickets using a coupon that gives her a discount. How many more dollars does Pam pay than Susan?
小提示:
的折扣表示支付全价的 , 的折扣表示支付全价的 。
A discount means paying of full price, and a discount means paying
大提示:
Susan 支付 ,Pam 支付 。
Susan pays and Pam pays
解答:
Susan 支付 美元。
Pam 支付 美元。
所以 Pam 比 Susan 多付 美元。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Susan pays dollars.
Pam pays dollars.
So Pam pays more dollars than Susan.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
2.
一个水族箱的长方形底面为 厘米乘 厘米,高为 厘米。箱中水面高度为 厘米。把一块底面为 厘米乘 厘米、高为 厘米的长方体砖放入水族箱。水面会上升多少厘米?
An aquarium has a rectangular base that measures cm by cm and has a height of cm. It is filled with water to a height of cm. A brick with a rectangular base that measures cm by cm and a height of cm is placed in the aquarium. By how many centimeters does the water rise?
小提示:
浸入水中的砖会排开与自身体积相同的水。
The submerged brick displaces its own volume of water
大提示:
水面上升高度等于砖的体积除以水族箱的底面积。
The rise equals the brick’s volume divided by the aquarium’s base area
解答:
砖的体积是 立方厘米。
如果水面上升 厘米,增加的水体积是 立方厘米。
令它等于砖的体积,得 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The brick has a volume of cubic centimeters.
If the water rises by centimeters, the added volume is cubic centimeters.
Setting this equal to the brick’s volume gives so
Thus, the correct answer is D.
3.
两个连续奇整数中,较大的一个是较小的一个的三倍。它们的和是多少?
The larger of two consecutive odd integers is three times the smaller. What is their sum?
答案:A
小提示:
设较小的奇整数为 ,则较大的为 。
Let the smaller odd integer be so the larger is
大提示:
解 ,然后把两个整数相加。
Solve then add the two integers
解答:
设较小的整数为 。那么较大的整数为 。
于是 ,得 。
两个整数是 和 ,它们的和是 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let the smaller integer be Then the larger is
So which gives
The two integers are and and their sum is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
4.
Kate 以 英里每小时的速度骑自行车 分钟,然后以 英里每小时的速度步行 分钟。她全程的平均速度是多少英里每小时?
Kate rode her bicycle for minutes at a speed of mph, then walked for minutes at a speed of mph. What was her overall average speed in miles per hour?
答案:A
小提示:
平均速度是总路程除以总时间,不是两个速度的平均值。
Average speed is total distance divided by total time, not the average of the two speeds
大提示:
她骑了 英里,走了 英里,总时间为 小时。
She rides miles and walks miles over a total of hours
解答:
Kate 以每小时 英里的速度骑了 小时,行进了 英里。
她以每小时 英里的速度走了 小时,行进了 英里。
她在 小时内共行进 英里,所以平均速度是每小时 英里。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Kate rode for hour at mph, covering miles.
She walked for hours at mph, covering miles.
She covered miles in hours, so her average speed was mph.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
5.
去年 John Q. Public 先生得到了一笔遗产。他为这笔遗产缴纳了 的联邦税,并对剩余的钱缴纳了 的州税。他两项税共缴纳 。这笔遗产是多少美元?
Last year Mr. John Q. Public received an inheritance. He paid in federal taxes on the inheritance, and paid of what he had left in state taxes. He paid a total of for both taxes. How many dollars was the inheritance?
小提示:
缴纳 的联邦税后,剩下 ;州税是这部分的 。
After the federal tax, remains; the state tax is of that
大提示:
两项税合计为遗产的 。
The two taxes together are of the inheritance
解答:
缴纳联邦税后,Public 先生保留遗产的 。
他为这部分缴纳 的州税,也就是遗产的 。
总税额是遗产的 ,所以遗产为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
After federal taxes, Mr. Public keeps of his inheritance.
He pays of that in state taxes, which is of the inheritance.
His total tax is of the inheritance, so the inheritance is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
6.
三角形 和 都是等腰三角形,其中 且 。点 在 内部,,且 。求 的度数。
Triangles and are isosceles with and Point is inside and What is the degree measure of
7.
设 、、、 和 是一个等差数列中的连续五项,并且 。下列哪一项能够确定?
Let and be five consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence, and suppose that Which of the following can be found?
小提示:
把五项写成 、,其中 是公差。
Write the five terms as for a common difference
大提示:
总和化简为 ,而外侧各项仍取决于未知的 。
The sum collapses to while the outer terms still depend on the unknown
解答:
设 为公差。那么 ,,,且 ,所以
因此 ,得 。
其他项不能确定:数列 和 都满足条件,但除中间项外其余各项不同。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let be the common difference. Then and so
Thus giving
The other terms cannot be determined: the sequences and both satisfy the conditions but differ in every term except the middle one.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
8.
在钟面上画一个星形多边形:从每个数字向顺时针数第五个数字画一条弦。也就是说,画从 到 、从 到 、从 到 的弦,依此类推,最后回到 。这个星形多边形每个顶点处的角是多少度?
A star-polygon is drawn on a clock face by drawing a chord from each number to the fifth number counted clockwise from that number. That is, chords are drawn from to from to from to and so on, ending back at What is the degree measure of the angle at each vertex in the star-polygon?
小提示:
每个顶点角都是过钟面数字的圆中的圆周角。
Each vertex angle is an inscribed angle in the circle through the clock numbers
大提示:
在一个顶点相交的两条弦截出的弧跨过两个小时刻度,即 。
The two chords meeting at a vertex cut off an arc spanning two hour-marks, or
解答:
考虑在数字 处相交的两条弦。它们分别连到 和 ,因此它们所对的弧从 到 。
这段弧跨过十二个小时刻度中的两个,所以其度数为 。
根据圆周角定理,顶点角等于所对弧的一半,即 。由对称性,每个顶点角都是 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Consider the two chords meeting at the number They run to and to so the arc they subtend extends from to
That arc spans two of the twelve hour-marks, so its measure is
By the Inscribed Angle Theorem, the vertex angle is half the arc, or By symmetry every vertex angle equals
Thus, the correct answer is C.
9.
Yan 位于家和体育场之间的某处。要去体育场,他可以直接步行到体育场;或者先步行回家,再骑自行车去体育场。他骑车的速度是步行速度的 倍,并且两种选择所需时间相同。Yan 到家的距离与到体育场的距离之比是多少?
Yan is somewhere between his home and the stadium. To get to the stadium he can walk directly to the stadium, or else he can walk home and then ride his bicycle to the stadium. He rides times as fast as he walks, and both choices require the same amount of time. What is the ratio of Yan’s distance from his home to his distance from the stadium?
小提示:
设步行速度为 ,到家的距离为 ,到体育场的距离为 。
Let the walking speed be and let and be the distances to home and to the stadium
大提示:
令两种时间相等:。
Equate the two times:
解答:
设 为步行速度, 和 分别为 Yan 到家和到体育场的距离。
步行到体育场需要 。先走回家再骑车需要 。
令两者相等,得 ,所以 ,。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let be the walking speed and let and be Yan’s distances from home and from the stadium.
Walking to the stadium takes Walking home then biking takes
Setting these equal gives so and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
10.
一个边长比为 的三角形内接于半径为 的圆。这个三角形的面积是多少?
A triangle with side lengths in the ratio is inscribed in a circle of radius What is the area of the triangle?
答案:A
小提示:
三角形是直角三角形,所以它的斜边是圆的直径。
A triangle is right-angled, so its hypotenuse is a diameter of the circle
大提示:
斜边 等于直径 ,然后面积为 。
The hypotenuse equals the diameter then the area is
解答:
设三边为 、 和 。该三角形是直角三角形,所以斜边是直径。
因此 ,得 。
面积为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let the sides be and The triangle is right, so its hypotenuse is a diameter.
Thus giving
The area is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
11.
一个由三位整数构成的有限数列具有如下性质:每一项的十位数字和个位数字分别是下一项的百位数字和十位数字,而最后一项的十位数字和个位数字分别是第一项的百位数字和十位数字。例如,这样的数列可以从 、 和 开始,并以 结束。设 为数列中所有项的和。总是整除 的最大质数是多少?
A finite sequence of three-digit integers has the property that the tens and units digits of each term are, respectively, the hundreds and tens digits of the next term, and the tens and units digits of the last term are, respectively, the hundreds and tens digits of the first term. For example, such a sequence might begin with terms and and end with the term Let be the sum of all the terms in the sequence. What is the largest prime number that always divides
小提示:
在整个循环中,每个出现的数字作为百位、十位和个位的次数相同。
Across the whole cycle, each digit serves once as a hundreds digit, once as a tens digit, and once as a units digit
大提示:
总和是所有个位数字之和的 倍,而 。
The sum is times the total of the units digits, and
解答:
由于循环性质,每个出现的数字在百位、十位和个位上出现的次数相同。
设所有项个位数字之和为 ,则 。
所以 总能被 整除。它不一定能被更大的数整除:数列 给出 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Because of the cycling property, each digit that appears is used the same number of times in the hundreds, tens, and units places.
Let be the sum of the units digits over all terms. Then
So is always divisible by It need not be divisible by anything larger: the sequence gives
Thus, the correct answer is D.
12.
整数 、、 和 从 到 (含端点)中独立随机选取,不要求互不相同。 为偶数的概率是多少?
Integers and not necessarily distinct, are chosen independently and at random from to inclusive. What is the probability that is even?
小提示:
为偶数,当且仅当 和 奇偶性相同。
is even exactly when and have the same parity
大提示:
像 这样的乘积为奇数的概率是 ,为偶数的概率是 。
A product like is odd with probability and even with probability
解答:
从 到 的整数中恰好有一半是奇数。
乘积 只有在两个因数都是奇数时才是奇数,概率为 ,因此为偶数的概率为 。 也同理。
因此 在两个乘积都为奇数或都为偶数时为偶数:
因此,正确答案是 E。
Exactly half of the integers from to are odd.
A product is odd only when both factors are odd, with probability and even with probability The same holds for
Then is even when both products are odd or both are even:
Thus, the correct answer is E.
13.
一块奶酪位于坐标平面上的 。一只老鼠在 ,并沿直线 向上跑。在点 处,老鼠开始离奶酪越来越远,而不是越来越近。求 ?
A piece of cheese is located at in a coordinate plane. A mouse is at and is running up the line At the point the mouse starts getting farther from the cheese rather than closer to it. What is
小提示:
直线上距离奶酪最近的点是从奶酪向该直线作垂线的垂足。
The closest point on the line is the foot of the perpendicular from the cheese
大提示:
过 的垂线斜率为 ;求它与 的交点。
The perpendicular through has slope ; intersect it with
解答:
老鼠在从 到该直线的垂足处最接近奶酪。
这条垂线斜率为 ,所以方程为 。
令 ,得 且 。因此 ,。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The mouse is closest to the cheese at the foot of the perpendicular from to the line.
This perpendicular has slope so its equation is
Setting gives and Thus and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
14.
设 ,,,,和 为互不相同的整数,且
求 ?
Let and be distinct integers such that
What is
小提示:
五个因数 是乘积为 的互不相同的整数。
The five factors are distinct integers whose product is
大提示:
检验 的正负因数;只有 能给出五个互不相同的因数。
Check the positive and negative divisors of ; only gives five distinct factors
解答:
五个因数是乘积为 的互不相同的非零整数,因此每个因数都是 的正因数或负因数。检验 ,只有五元集合 的乘积为 。
那么 按某种顺序为 ,它们的和是 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The five factors are distinct nonzero integers with product so each is a positive or negative divisor of Checking only the five-element set has product
Then are in some order, and their sum is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
15.
集合 增加第五个元素 ,且 不等于原来的四个数。新集合的中位数等于它的平均数。这个新元素所有可能值之和是多少?
The set is augmented by a fifth element not equal to any of the other four. The median of the resulting set is equal to its mean. What is the sum of all possible values of
小提示:
五个数的平均数是 。
The mean of the five numbers is
大提示:
分情况讨论:当 时中位数为 ;当 时中位数为 ;当 时中位数为 。
Split into cases: the median is when it is when and when
解答:
平均数是 。
如果 ,中位数是 ,所以 ,。
如果 ,中位数是 ,所以 ,。
如果 ,中位数是 ,所以 ,。
所有可能值之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The mean is
If the median is so and
If the median is so and
If the median is so and
The sum of all possible values is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
16.
有多少个三位数由三个互不相同的数字组成,并且其中一个数字是另外两个数字的平均数?
How many three-digit numbers are composed of three distinct digits such that one digit is the average of the other two?
小提示:
这三个数字必须按某种顺序构成一个等差数列。
The three digits must form an arithmetic progression in some order
大提示:
按公差数出等差数列组,再排列每组数字;含 的组排列数较少。
Count the progressions by common difference, then arrange each set, giving fewer arrangements for sets containing
解答:
三个互不相同的数字构成一个递增等差数列。按公差计数:公差为 有 组,公差为 有 组,公差为 有 组,公差为 有 组,共 组。
其中 组含有 (即 ,,,);每组产生 个有效三位数,因为 不能放在首位。
另外 组各产生 个数。总数为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The three distinct digits form an increasing arithmetic progression. Counting by common difference: with difference with difference with difference and with difference for sets.
Of these, sets contain (namely ); each yields valid numbers since cannot lead.
The other sets each yield numbers. The total is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
17.
18.
多项式 的系数为实数,且 。求 ?
The polynomial has real coefficients, and What is
19.
三角形 和 的面积分别为 和 ,其中 、、,且 。点 所有可能的 坐标之和是多少?
Triangles and have areas and respectively, with and What is the sum of all possible -coordinates of
小提示:
的面积确定了从 到 的高,所以 在 或 上。
The area of fixes the altitude from to so lies on or
大提示:
同理, 在两条与 平行的直线之一上;四个交点的平均位置是一个平行四边形的中心。
Likewise lies on one of two lines parallel to ; the four intersection points average to the center of a parallelogram
解答:
中从 出发的高 满足 ,所以 。因此 在 或 上。
直线 的方程为 。 的面积条件同样把 限制在两条与 平行的直线之一上。
的四个可能位置是一个平行四边形的顶点,其中心是 与直线 的交点,即 。因此四个 坐标之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The altitude from in satisfies so Thus lies on or
Line has equation The condition on similarly places on one of two lines parallel to
The four possible positions of are the vertices of a parallelogram whose center is the intersection of with line namely Hence the sum of the four -coordinates is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
20.
把一个单位立方体的各个角切去,使六个面都变成正八边形。被切去的四面体总体积是多少?
Corners are sliced off a unit cube so that the six faces each become regular octagons. What is the total volume of the removed tetrahedra?
小提示:
从每条边的两端各切去长度 后,留下的八边形边长为 。
Cutting length from each end of an edge leaves an octagon side of
大提示:
由 求 ;每个角上的四面体体积为 。
From find ; each corner tetrahedron has volume
解答:
切角会从每条棱的两端各去掉长度 。每个八边形的边长为 ,且棱长满足 ,所以
每个被切去的角都是三条互相垂直的棱长为 的四面体,体积为 。共有 个角,所以总体积为
因此,正确答案是 B。
Slicing removes two equal segments of length from each edge. Each octagon then has side length and the edge satisfies so
Each removed corner is a tetrahedron with three mutually perpendicular legs of length so its volume is There are corners, giving total volume
Thus, the correct answer is B.
21.
函数 的零点之和、零点之积以及系数之和都相等。它们的公共值还必须等于下列哪一项?
The sum of the zeros, the product of the zeros, and the sum of the coefficients of the function are equal. Their common value must also be which of the following?
的系数
the coefficient of
的系数
the coefficient of
图像 的 截距
the -intercept of the graph of
图像 的一个 截距
one of the -intercepts of the graph of
图像 的 截距的平均数
the mean of the -intercepts of the graph of
小提示:
对 ,零点之和为 ,零点之积为 。
For the sum of zeros is and the product is
大提示:
令它们相等得到 ,所以系数之和 会化简。
Setting these equal gives so the sum of coefficients simplifies
解答:
零点之积为 ,零点之和为 。令它们相等,得 。
于是系数之和为 ,这就是 的系数。
其他选项一般不成立:例如 的公共值为 ,但 的系数是 , 截距是 , 截距是 ,它们的平均数是 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The product of the zeros is and the sum of the zeros is Equating them gives
Then the sum of the coefficients is which is the coefficient of
The other choices fail in general: for the common value is but the coefficient of is the -intercept is the -intercepts are and their mean is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
22.
对每个正整数 ,设 表示 的各位数字之和。有多少个 满足 ?
For each positive integer let denote the sum of the digits of For how many values of is
小提示:
、 和 三者模 的余数相同。
All three of and leave the same remainder modulo
大提示:
因为 是 的倍数,所以三者都是 的倍数;此外 。
Since is a multiple of each is a multiple of ; also
解答:
对 有 ,进而 。所以任何解都满足 。
又因为 、 和 模 同余,而 是 的倍数,所以三者都必须是 的倍数。
检查 到 之间的 的倍数(许多数会因 已超过 而被排除),剩下 和 。共有 个值。
因此,正确答案是 D。
For and then So any solution has
Also and are congruent modulo and is a multiple of so all three must be multiples of
Checking the multiples of between and (many are eliminated because already exceeds ) leaves and That is values.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
23.
正方形 的面积为 ,且 平行于 轴。顶点 、 和 分别在 、 和 的图像上。求 ?
Square has area and is parallel to the -axis. Vertices and are on the graphs of and respectively. What is
小提示:
因为 水平且长为 ,设 ,得 。
Since is horizontal with length set giving
大提示:
解 得到 ,再使用 。
Solve for then use
解答:
设 且 。因为 水平,,所以 。
边长为 ,其唯一正解是 。
因为 ,竖直边给出 。因此 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let and Since is horizontal, so
The side length is whose only positive solution is
Since the vertical side gives Thus so
Thus, the correct answer is A.
24.
对每个整数 ,设 为方程 在区间 上的解的个数。求 ?
For each integer let be the number of solutions of the equation on the interval What is
小提示:
计数 上 与 的交点,通常 的每个波峰对应两个交点。
counts intersections of and on usually two per hump of
大提示:
除了 时共享最大值会使数量降为 ,其余情况 。
except when where a shared maximum drops it to
解答:
在每个 的区间内, 和 的图像相交两次,除非它们在那里共享值 ,此时只相交一次。数出这些波峰并加上端点 ,可得到以下结论。
当 为偶数或 时,;当 时, 。
因此 第一个和为 ,该范围内有 个 ,所以结果为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
On each interval where the graphs of and meet twice, unless they share the value there, in which case they meet once. Counting the humps and the endpoint at gives
when is even or and when
Thus The first sum is and there are values in the range, giving
Thus, the correct answer is D.
25.
如果一个整数集合在任意三个连续整数中至多包含一个整数,就称它为稀疏集合。集合 有多少个子集(包括空集)是稀疏集合?
Call a set of integers spacy if it contains no more than one out of any three consecutive integers. How many subsets of including the empty set, are spacy?
小提示:
设 表示 的稀疏子集个数;按是否包含 分类。
Let count the spacy subsets of ; condition on whether is included
大提示:
不包含 有 种;包含它会禁止 有 种,所以 。
Excluding gives ; including it forbids giving so
解答:
设 为 的稀疏子集个数。一个稀疏子集要么不包含 (有 种),要么包含 ,此时它不能包含 和 (有 种)。
因此 ,且 ,,。
这个数列继续为 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let be the number of spacy subsets of A spacy subset either omits (there are of these) or contains in which case it omits and (there are of these).
Hence with
The sequence continues so
Thus, the correct answer is E.