2007 AMC 12A 第 16 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

16.

有多少个三位数由三个互不相同的数字组成,并且其中一个数字是另外两个数字的平均数?

How many three-digit numbers are composed of three distinct digits such that one digit is the average of the other two?

9696

104104

112112

120120

256256

答案:C
知识点:等差数列数字分类讨论
难度评级:1630
解答:

三个互不相同的数字构成一个递增等差数列。按公差计数:公差为 1188 组,公差为 2266 组,公差为 3344 组,公差为 4422 组,共 2020 组。

其中 44 组含有 00(即 {0,1,2}\{0,1,2\}{0,2,4}\{0,2,4\}{0,3,6}\{0,3,6\}{0,4,8}\{0,4,8\});每组产生 22!=42\cdot 2!=4 个有效三位数,因为 00 不能放在首位。

另外 1616 组各产生 3!=63!=6 个数。总数为 44+166=1124\cdot 4+16\cdot 6=112

因此,正确答案是 C

The three distinct digits form an increasing arithmetic progression. Counting by common difference: 88 with difference 1,1, 66 with difference 2,2, 44 with difference 3,3, and 22 with difference 4,4, for 2020 sets.

Of these, 44 sets contain 00 (namely {0,1,2},\{0,1,2\}, {0,2,4},\{0,2,4\}, {0,3,6},\{0,3,6\}, {0,4,8}\{0,4,8\}); each yields 22!=42\cdot 2!=4 valid numbers since 00 cannot lead.

The other 1616 sets each yield 3!=63!=6 numbers. The total is 44+166=112.4\cdot 4+16\cdot 6=112.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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