2005 AMC 12A 第 16 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

16.

三个半径为 ss 的圆位于 xyxy 平面第一象限。第一个圆与两条坐标轴都相切,第二个圆与第一个圆和 xx-轴相切,第三个圆与第一个圆和 yy-轴相切。另有一个半径为 r>sr \gt s 的圆,它与两条坐标轴以及第二、第三个圆相切。求 r/sr/s

Three circles of radius ss are drawn in the first quadrant of the xyxy-plane. The first circle is tangent to both axes, the second is tangent to the first circle and the xx-axis, and the third is tangent to the first circle and the yy-axis. A circle of radius r>sr \gt s is tangent to both axes and to the second and third circles. What is r/s?r/s?

55

66

88

99

1010

答案:D
知识点:相切圆坐标几何勾股定理
难度评级:2000
解答:

大圆圆心为 (r,r)(r, r),第二个小圆圆心为 (3s,s)(3s, s)。两圆外切,所以圆心距为 r+sr + s

两个圆心之间的水平距离为 r3sr - 3s,竖直距离为 rsr - s,因此 (r+s)2=(r3s)2+(rs)2. (r + s)^2 = (r - 3s)^2 + (r - s)^2.

展开并整理得 0=r210rs+9s20 = r^2 - 10rs + 9s^2 =(r9s)(rs)= (r - 9s)(r - s)。因为 rsr \ne s,所以 r=9sr = 9s,故 r/s=9r/s = 9

所以正确答案是 D

Put the big circle's center at (r,r)(r, r) and the second small circle's center at (3s,s).(3s, s). They are externally tangent, so the distance between centers is r+s.r + s.

The horizontal and vertical gaps are r3sr - 3s and rs,r - s, so (r+s)2=(r3s)2+(rs)2. (r + s)^2 = (r - 3s)^2 + (r - s)^2.

Expanding gives 0=r210rs+9s20 = r^2 - 10rs + 9s^2 =(r9s)(rs).= (r - 9s)(r - s). Since rs,r \ne s, we get r=9s,r = 9s, so r/s=9.r/s = 9.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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