2005 AMC 12A 第 16 题

先试着解答 2005 AMC 12A 第 16 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2005 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

16.

三个半径为 ss 的圆位于 xyxy 平面第一象限。第一个圆与两条坐标轴都相切,第二个圆与第一个圆和 xx-轴相切,第三个圆与第一个圆和 yy-轴相切。另有一个半径为 r>sr \gt s 的圆,它与两条坐标轴以及第二、第三个圆相切。求 rs\frac{r}{s}。
Three circles of radius ss are drawn in the first quadrant of the xyxy-plane. The first circle is tangent to both axes, the second is tangent to the first circle and the xx-axis, and the third is tangent to the first circle and the yy-axis. A circle of radius r>sr \gt s is tangent to both axes and to the second and third circles. What is rs?\frac{r}{s}?
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答案:D
知识点:相切圆坐标几何勾股定理
小提示:
按各圆的半径定出圆心:大圆圆心为 (r,r)(r, r),第二个小圆圆心为 (3s,s)(3s, s)。
Place the centers by their radii: the big circle is at (r,r)(r, r) and the second small circle at (3s,s)(3s, s)
大提示:
两个外切圆的圆心距为 r+sr + s;再对圆心之间的水平、竖直距离使用勾股定理。
The distance between the big center and a tangent small center equals r+s;r + s; apply the Pythagorean theorem to the horizontal and vertical gaps
解答:
大圆圆心为 (r,r)(r, r),第二个小圆圆心为 (3s,s)(3s, s)。两圆外切,所以圆心距为 r+sr + s。
两个圆心之间的水平距离为 r−3sr - 3s,竖直距离为 r−sr - s,因此 (r+s)2=(r−3s)2+(r−s)2。 (r + s)^2 = (r - 3s)^2 + (r - s)^2\text{。}
展开并整理得 0=r2−10rs+9s20 = r^2 - 10rs + 9s^2 =(r−9s)(r−s)= (r - 9s)(r - s)。因为 r≠sr \ne s,所以 r=9sr = 9s,故 rs=9\frac{r}{s} = 9。
所以正确答案是 D。
Put the big circle’s center at (r,r)(r, r) and the second small circle’s center at (3s,s).(3s, s). They are externally tangent, so the distance between centers is r+s.r + s.
The horizontal and vertical gaps are r−3sr - 3s and r−s,r - s, so (r+s)2=(r−3s)2+(r−s)2. (r + s)^2 = (r - 3s)^2 + (r - s)^2.
Expanding gives 0=r2−10rs+9s20 = r^2 - 10rs + 9s^2 =(r−9s)(r−s).= (r - 9s)(r - s). Since r≠s,r \ne s, we get r=9s,r = 9s, so rs=9.\frac{r}{s} = 9.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
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