2020 AMC 12A 第 24 题

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24.

假设 ABC\triangle ABC 是边长为 ss 的等边三角形,并且具有如下性质:三角形内部存在唯一一点 PP,使得 AP=1AP = 1BP=3BP = \sqrt{3}, 且 CP=2CP = 2ss 是多少?

Suppose that ABC\triangle ABC is an equilateral triangle of side length s,s, with the property that there is a unique point PP inside the triangle such that AP=1,AP = 1, BP=3,BP = \sqrt{3}, and CP=2.CP = 2. What is s?s?

1+21 + \sqrt{2}

7\sqrt{7}

83\dfrac{8}{3}

5+5\sqrt{5 + \sqrt{5}}

222\sqrt{2}

答案:B
知识点:等边三角形二次方程
难度评级:2270
解答:

等边三角形内一点到三个顶点的距离为 p,q,rp, q, r,边长为 ss 时,满足 3(p4+q4+r4+s4)3(p^4 + q^4 + r^4 + s^4) =(p2+q2+r2+s2)2= (p^2 + q^2 + r^2 + s^2)^2

p2=1p^2 = 1q2=3q^2 = 3r2=4r^2 = 4, 并设 S=s2S = s^2 得到 3(26+S2)=(8+S)23(26 + S^2) = (8 + S)^2, 所以 S28S+7=0S^2 - 8S + 7 = 0,从而 S=1S = 1S=7S = 7

边长为 11 的三角形不可能包含一个到某顶点距离为 22 的点,所以 S=7S = 7,于是 s=7s = \sqrt{7}

因此,正确答案是 B

A point at distances p,q,rp, q, r from the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side ss satisfies 3(p4+q4+r4+s4)3(p^4 + q^4 + r^4 + s^4) =(p2+q2+r2+s2)2.= (p^2 + q^2 + r^2 + s^2)^2.

With p2=1,p^2 = 1, q2=3,q^2 = 3, r2=4,r^2 = 4, letting S=s2S = s^2 gives 3(26+S2)=(8+S)2,3(26 + S^2) = (8 + S)^2, so S28S+7=0S^2 - 8S + 7 = 0 and S=1S = 1 or S=7.S = 7.

A triangle of side 11 cannot contain a point at distance 22 from a vertex, so S=7S = 7 and s=7.s = \sqrt{7}.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

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