2018 AMC 12B 第 22 题

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22.

考虑次数至多为 33 的多项式 P(x)P(x),其每个系数都属于 {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\}。有多少个这样的多项式满足 P(1)=9P(-1)=-9

Consider polynomials P(x)P(x) of degree at most 3,3, each of whose coefficients is an element of {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}.\{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\}. How many such polynomials satisfy P(1)=9?P(-1)=-9?

110110

143143

165165

220220

286286

答案:D
知识点:隔板法换元法
难度评级:2330
解答:

P(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+dP(x)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d,其中 a,b,c,da,b,c,d 都在 {0,,9}\{0,\ldots,9\} 条件为 a+bc+d=9-a+b-c+d=-9

a=9aa'=9-ac=9cc'=9-c 它们也都在 [0,9][0,9] 于是 a+b+c+d=9a'+b+c'+d=9 由隔板法,非负整数解的个数为 (9+33)=(123)=220\binom{9+3}{3}=\binom{12}{3}=220 且因为总和是 99,每个变量自动不超过上界。

所以正确答案是 D

Write P(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+dP(x)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d with each of a,b,c,da,b,c,d in {0,,9}.\{0,\ldots,9\}. The condition is a+bc+d=9.-a+b-c+d=-9.

Let a=9aa'=9-a and c=9c,c'=9-c, both in [0,9].[0,9]. Then a+b+c+d=9.a'+b+c'+d=9. By stars and bars the number of nonnegative solutions is (9+33)=(123)=220,\binom{9+3}{3}=\binom{12}{3}=220, and each automatically satisfies the upper bounds since the sum is 9.9.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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