2018 AMC 12A 第 22 题

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22.

方程 z2=4+415iz^2 = 4 + 4\sqrt{15}\,iz2=2+23iz^2 = 2 + 2\sqrt{3}\,i 的解(其中 i=1i = \sqrt{-1})在复平面中构成一个平行四边形的顶点。这个平行四边形的面积可写成 pqrsp\sqrt{q} - r\sqrt{s},其中 ppqqrrss 是正整数,且 qqss 都不被任何质数的平方整除。p+q+r+sp + q + r + s 是多少?

The solutions to the equations z2=4+415iz^2 = 4 + 4\sqrt{15}\,i and z2=2+23i,z^2 = 2 + 2\sqrt{3}\,i, where i=1,i = \sqrt{-1}, form the vertices of a parallelogram in the complex plane. The area of this parallelogram can be written in the form pqrs,p\sqrt{q} - r\sqrt{s}, where p,p, q,q, r,r, and ss are positive integers and neither qq nor ss is divisible by the square of any prime number. What is p+q+r+s?p + q + r + s?

2020

2121

2222

2323

2424

答案:A
知识点:复数鞋带公式
难度评级:2270
解答:

z=a+biz = a + bi,由 (a+bi)2=4+415i(a + bi)^2 = 4 + 4\sqrt{15}\,ia2b2=4a^2 - b^2 = 42ab=4152ab = 4\sqrt{15}。 因此 a44a260=0a^4 - 4a^2 - 60 = 0, 即 (a210)(a2+6)=0(a^2 - 10)(a^2 + 6) = 0, 得 a=±10a = \pm\sqrt{10}b=±6b = \pm\sqrt{6}。 第一个方程给出的顶点为 ±(10+6i)\pm(\sqrt{10} + \sqrt{6}\,i)。 对 z2=2+23iz^2 = 2 + 2\sqrt{3}\,i 用同样方法得到 ±(3+i)\pm(\sqrt{3} + i)

(10,6)(\sqrt{10}, \sqrt{6})(3,1)(\sqrt{3}, 1)(10,6)(-\sqrt{10}, -\sqrt{6})(3,1)(-\sqrt{3}, -1) 使用鞋带公式,面积为 622106\sqrt{2} - 2\sqrt{10}。 因此 p+q+r+sp + q + r + s =6+2+2+10= 6 + 2 + 2 + 10 =20= 20

所以正确答案是 A

Writing z=a+biz = a + bi with (a+bi)2=4+415i(a + bi)^2 = 4 + 4\sqrt{15}\,i gives a2b2=4a^2 - b^2 = 4 and 2ab=415.2ab = 4\sqrt{15}. Then a44a260=0,a^4 - 4a^2 - 60 = 0, so (a210)(a2+6)=0,(a^2 - 10)(a^2 + 6) = 0, yielding a=±10,a = \pm\sqrt{10}, b=±6.b = \pm\sqrt{6}. The vertices from the first equation are ±(10+6i).\pm(\sqrt{10} + \sqrt{6}\,i). The same method on z2=2+23iz^2 = 2 + 2\sqrt{3}\,i gives ±(3+i).\pm(\sqrt{3} + i).

Applying the shoelace formula to (10,6),(\sqrt{10}, \sqrt{6}), (3,1),(\sqrt{3}, 1), (10,6),(-\sqrt{10}, -\sqrt{6}), (3,1)(-\sqrt{3}, -1) gives area 62210.6\sqrt{2} - 2\sqrt{10}. Thus p+q+r+sp + q + r + s =6+2+2+10= 6 + 2 + 2 + 10 =20.= 20.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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