2018 AMC 12A 第 14 题

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14.

方程 log3x4=log2x8\log_{3x} 4 = \log_{2x} 8 的解中,xx 是正实数且不等于 13\tfrac1312\tfrac12, 该解可写成 pq\tfrac{p}{q}, 其中 ppqq 是互质的正整数。p+qp + q 是多少?

The solution to the equation log3x4=log2x8,\log_{3x} 4 = \log_{2x} 8, where xx is a positive real number other than 13\tfrac13 or 12,\tfrac12, can be written as pq,\tfrac{p}{q}, where pp and qq are relatively prime positive integers. What is p+q?p + q?

55

1313

1717

3131

3535

答案:D
知识点:对数
难度评级:1730
解答:

把两个对数都写成以 22 为底:2log23x=3log22x\tfrac{2}{\log_2 3x} = \tfrac{3}{\log_2 2x},所以 2log22x=3log23x2 \log_2 2x = 3 \log_2 3x,即 (2x)2=(3x)3(2x)^2 = (3x)^3。于是 4x2=27x34x^2 = 27x^3,得 x=427x = \tfrac{4}{27}。因为 gcd(4,27)=1\gcd(4, 27) = 1,所以 p+q=4+27=31p + q = 4 + 27 = 31

所以正确答案是 D

Writing both logarithms in base 2:2: 2log23x=3log22x,\tfrac{2}{\log_2 3x} = \tfrac{3}{\log_2 2x}, so 2log22x=3log23x,2 \log_2 2x = 3 \log_2 3x, i.e. (2x)2=(3x)3.(2x)^2 = (3x)^3. Then 4x2=27x3,4x^2 = 27x^3, giving x=427.x = \tfrac{4}{27}. Since gcd(4,27)=1,\gcd(4, 27) = 1, we get p+q=4+27=31.p + q = 4 + 27 = 31.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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