2012 AMC 12A 第 8 题

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8.

数字 1122334455 的一个 迭代平均数 按如下方式计算。把这五个数按某种顺序排列。先求前两个数的平均数,再求这个平均数与第三个数的平均数,然后再与第四个数求平均数,最后再与第五个数求平均数。用这个过程可能得到的最大值和最小值之差是多少?

An iterative average of the numbers 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, and 55 is computed in the following way. Arrange the five numbers in some order. Find the mean of the first two numbers, then find the mean of that with the third number, then the mean of that with the fourth number, and finally the mean of that with the fifth number. What is the difference between the largest and smallest possible values that can be obtained using this procedure?

3116\dfrac{31}{16}

22

178\dfrac{17}{8}

33

6516\dfrac{65}{16}

答案:C
知识点:平均数最优化
难度评级:1480
解答:

对顺序 a,b,c,d,ea, b, c, d, e,迭代平均数为 后面的位置权重最大。 a+b+2c+4d+8e16.\frac{a + b + 2c + 4d + 8e}{16}.

最大值取 (a,b,c,d,e)=(1,2,3,4,5)(a,b,c,d,e) = (1,2,3,4,5),得到 6516\dfrac{65}{16},最小值取 (5,4,3,2,1)(5,4,3,2,1),得到 3116\dfrac{31}{16}

差为 65163116=3416=178\dfrac{65}{16} - \dfrac{31}{16} = \dfrac{34}{16} = \dfrac{17}{8}

因此,正确答案是 C

For the order a,b,c,d,e,a, b, c, d, e, the iterative average is a+b+2c+4d+8e16.\frac{a + b + 2c + 4d + 8e}{16}. The later positions carry the most weight.

The largest value uses (a,b,c,d,e)=(1,2,3,4,5),(a,b,c,d,e) = (1,2,3,4,5), giving 6516,\dfrac{65}{16}, and the smallest uses (5,4,3,2,1),(5,4,3,2,1), giving 3116.\dfrac{31}{16}.

The difference is 65163116=3416=178.\dfrac{65}{16} - \dfrac{31}{16} = \dfrac{34}{16} = \dfrac{17}{8}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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