2011 AMC 12B 第 19 题

先试着解答 2011 AMC 12B 第 19 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2011 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

19.

在 xyxy-坐标系中,格点是指 (x,y)(x, y) 中 xx 与 yy 都为整数的点。对所有满足 12<m<a\dfrac{1}{2} \lt m \lt a 的 mm,直线 y=mx+2y=mx+2 都不经过任何满足 0<x≤1000 \lt x \le 100 的格点。aa 的最大可能值是多少?
A lattice point in an xyxy-coordinate system is any point (x,y)(x, y) where both xx and yy are integers. The graph of y=mx+2y=mx+2 passes through no lattice point with 0<x≤1000 \lt x \le 100 for all mm such that 12<m<a.\dfrac{1}{2} \lt m \lt a. What is the maximum possible value of a?a?
51101\dfrac{51}{101}
5099\dfrac{50}{99}
51100\dfrac{51}{100}
52101\dfrac{52}{101}
1325\dfrac{13}{25}
答案:B
知识点:格点斜率
小提示:
对每个 xx,找出从 (0,2)(0,2) 出发、斜率 >12\gt\dfrac12 且能到达该 xx 处格点的最小斜率。
For each x,x, find the smallest slope >12\gt\dfrac12 from (0,2)(0,2) that reaches a lattice point at that xx
大提示:
分别比较偶数 xx 与奇数 xx 对应的最小斜率;较小者给出限制
Compare the minimum slopes for even xx and odd x;x; the tighter bound wins
解答:
对 0<x≤1000\lt x\le100,在直线 y=12x+2y=\tfrac12x+2 上方最近的格点为:当 xx 为偶数时是 (x,12x+3)\left(x,\tfrac12x+3\right);当 xx 为奇数时是 (x,12x+52)\left(x,\tfrac12x+\tfrac52\right)。
从 (0,2)(0,2) 到该点的斜率,偶数 xx 时为 12+1x\dfrac12+\dfrac1x,奇数 xx 时为 12+12x\dfrac12+\dfrac{1}{2x}。这些斜率的最小值在偶数 xx 时为 51100\dfrac{51}{100},在奇数 xx 时为 5099\dfrac{50}{99}。
因为 5099<51100\dfrac{50}{99}\lt\dfrac{51}{100},直线恰在 12<m<5099\dfrac12\lt m\lt\dfrac{50}{99} 时避开所有这些格点,所以最大值为 a=5099a=\dfrac{50}{99}。
所以正确答案是 B。
For 0<x≤100,0\lt x\le100, the nearest lattice point above the line y=12x+2y=\tfrac12x+2 is (x,12x+3)\left(x,\tfrac12x+3\right) if xx is even and (x,12x+52)\left(x,\tfrac12x+\tfrac52\right) if xx is odd.
The slope from (0,2)(0,2) to that point is 12+1x\dfrac12+\dfrac1x for even xx and 12+12x\dfrac12+\dfrac{1}{2x} for odd x.x. The minimum such slope is 51100\dfrac{51}{100} for even xx and 5099\dfrac{50}{99} for odd x.x.
Since 5099<51100,\dfrac{50}{99}\lt\dfrac{51}{100}, the line avoids all these lattice points exactly when 12<m<5099,\dfrac12\lt m\lt\dfrac{50}{99}, so the maximum is a=5099.a=\dfrac{50}{99}.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
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