2011 AMC 12A 第 19 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

19.

在一个有 NN 名选手的比赛中,被授予精英身份的选手人数等于 假设有 1919 名选手被授予精英身份。NN 的两个最小可能值之和是多少? 21+log2(N1)N. 2^{1 + \lfloor \log_2 (N - 1) \rfloor} - N.

注:x\lfloor x \rfloor 是小于或等于 xx 的最大整数。

At a competition with NN players, the number of players given elite status is equal to 21+log2(N1)N. 2^{1 + \lfloor \log_2 (N - 1) \rfloor} - N. Suppose that 1919 players are given elite status. What is the sum of the two smallest possible values of N?N?

Note: x\lfloor x \rfloor is the greatest integer less than or equal to x.x.

3838

9090

154154

406406

10241024

答案:C
知识点:取整函数2的幂分类讨论
难度评级:2150
解答:

m=log2(N1)m = \lfloor \log_2 (N - 1) \rfloor, 则精英人数为 2m+1N=192^{m+1} - N = 19, 得 N=2m+119N = 2^{m+1} - 19

一致性要求 2mN1=2m+1202^m \le N - 1 = 2^{m+1} - 20, 即 2m202^m \ge 20, 所以 m5m \ge 5

两个最小选择是 m=5m = 5,给出 N=6419=45N = 64 - 19 = 45, 以及 m=6m = 6,给出 N=12819=109N = 128 - 19 = 109。 它们的和为 154154

因此,正确答案是 C

Let m=log2(N1),m = \lfloor \log_2 (N - 1) \rfloor, so the elite count is 2m+1N=19,2^{m+1} - N = 19, giving N=2m+119.N = 2^{m+1} - 19.

Consistency requires 2mN1=2m+120,2^m \le N - 1 = 2^{m+1} - 20, i.e. 2m20,2^m \ge 20, so m5.m \ge 5.

The two smallest choices are m=5m = 5 giving N=6419=45,N = 64 - 19 = 45, and m=6m = 6 giving N=12819=109.N = 128 - 19 = 109. Their sum is 154.154.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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