2010 AMC 12B 第 24 题

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24.

满足 的实数 xx 构成若干形如 a<xba\lt x\le b 的区间之并。这些区间的长度之和是多少? 1x2009+1x2010+1x20111 \begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{x-2009}+\frac{1}{x-2010} \\ &\quad {}+\frac{1}{x-2011}\ge1 \end{aligned}

The set of real numbers xx for which 1x2009+1x2010+1x20111 \begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{x-2009}+\frac{1}{x-2010} \\ &\quad {}+\frac{1}{x-2011}\ge1 \end{aligned} is the union of intervals of the form a<xb.a\lt x\le b. What is the sum of the lengths of these intervals?

1003335\dfrac{1003}{335}

1004335\dfrac{1004}{335}

33

403134\dfrac{403}{134}

20267\dfrac{202}{67}

答案:C
知识点:分式方程不等式韦达定理
难度评级:2320
解答:

f(x)f(x) 为不等式的左边。在相邻的竖直渐近线 2009,2010,20112009, 2010, 2011 之间的每个区间上,函数 ff 都递减;而且对所有 x<2009x\lt2009,都有 f<1f\lt1

(2009,2010)(2009,2010)(2010,2011)(2010,2011), 和 (2011,)(2011,\infty), 上,解都是从左侧渐近线开始, 到某个满足 f(xi)=1f(x_i)=1。 的 xix_i 为止。因此解集由三个区间组成,左端点为 2009,2010,20112009, 2010, 2011,右端点为 x1,x2,x3x_1, x_2, x_3

总长度是 (x12009)(x_1-2009) +(x22010)+(x_2-2010) +(x32011)+(x_3-2011) =x1+x2+x36030=x_1+x_2+x_3-6030

f(x)=1f(x)=1 中清除分母,得到 它的三个根是 x1,x2,x3x_1, x_2, x_3。由韦达定理,x1+x2+x3=6033x_1+x_2+x_3=6033,所以长度之和为 60336030=36033-6030=3x3(2009+2010+2011+3)x2+=0, \begin{aligned} &x^3 \\ &\quad \small{}-(2009+2010+2011+3)x^2 \\ &\quad {}+\cdots=0, \end{aligned}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let f(x)f(x) be the left-hand side. On each interval between consecutive asymptotes 2009,2010,2011,2009, 2010, 2011, the function ff is decreasing, and f<1f\lt1 for all x<2009.x\lt2009.

On each of (2009,2010),(2009,2010), (2010,2011),(2010,2011), and (2011,),(2011,\infty), the solution is the part from the left asymptote up to a value xix_i where f(xi)=1.f(x_i)=1. So the solution set consists of three intervals with left endpoints 2009,2010,20112009, 2010, 2011 and right endpoints x1,x2,x3.x_1, x_2, x_3.

The total length is (x12009)(x_1-2009) +(x22010)+(x_2-2010) +(x32011)+(x_3-2011) =x1+x2+x36030.=x_1+x_2+x_3-6030.

Clearing denominators in f(x)=1f(x)=1 gives x3(2009+2010+2011+3)x2+=0, \begin{aligned} &x^3 \\ &\quad \small{}-(2009+2010+2011+3)x^2 \\ &\quad {}+\cdots=0, \end{aligned} whose roots are x1,x2,x3.x_1, x_2, x_3. By Vieta, x1+x2+x3=6033,x_1+x_2+x_3=6033, so the sum of lengths is 60336030=3.6033-6030=3.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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