2008 AMC 12B 第 25 题

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25.

ABCDABCD 是梯形,满足 ABCDAB \parallel CDAB=11AB = 11BC=5BC = 5CD=19CD = 19DA=7DA = 7A\angle AD\angle D 的角平分线交于 PPB\angle BC\angle C 的角平分线交于 QQ。六边形 ABQCDPABQCDP 的面积是多少?

Let ABCDABCD be a trapezoid with ABCD,AB \parallel CD, AB=11,AB = 11, BC=5,BC = 5, CD=19,CD = 19, and DA=7.DA = 7. Bisectors of A\angle A and D\angle D meet at P,P, and bisectors of B\angle B and C\angle C meet at Q.Q. What is the area of hexagon ABQCDP?ABQCDP?

28328\sqrt{3}

30330\sqrt{3}

32332\sqrt{3}

35335\sqrt{3}

36336\sqrt{3}

答案:B
知识点:梯形角平分线余弦定理
难度评级:2230
解答:

因为 ABCD,AB \parallel CD,A+D=180,\angle A + \angle D = 180^\circ,所以 A\angle AD\angle D 的角平分线垂直相交,即 APD=90.\angle APD = 90^\circ. 于是 AD\overline{AD} 的中点 MM 是直角三角形 APD,APD, 的外心,得到 MP=MA=MD.MP = MA = MD. 所以 MPA=PAM=PAB,\angle MPA = \angle PAM = \angle PAB,最后一个等号使用了 A.A. 处的角平分线。因此 MPAB.MP \parallel AB.BC.\overline{BC}. 的中点 NN 同理可得 QNABQN \parallel AB。所以 M,P,Q,NM, P, Q, N 共线于中位线上。

中位线长为 AB+CD2=15,\tfrac{AB + CD}{2} = 15,MP=AD2=72MP = \tfrac{AD}{2} = \tfrac72QN=BC2=52.QN = \tfrac{BC}{2} = \tfrac52. 因此 PQ=157252=9.PQ = 15 - \tfrac72 - \tfrac52 = 9.

AEBCAE \parallel BC,其中 EE 位于 CD\overline{CD} 上,则 AE=5AE = 5,且 DE=CDAB=8.DE = CD - AB = 8.ADE,\triangle ADE, 中,cos(AED)=82+5272285=12,\cos(\angle AED) = \tfrac{8^2 + 5^2 - 7^2}{2 \cdot 8 \cdot 5} = \tfrac12,所以 AED=60\angle AED = 60^\circ,梯形高为 AF=5sin60=532.AF = 5\sin 60^\circ = \tfrac{5\sqrt3}{2}.

线段 PQPQ 位于半高处,所以六边形分成两个梯形,并且 [ABQCDP]=AF4(AB+CD+2PQ)=53/24(11+19+18)=303. \begin{aligned} &[ABQCDP] \\ &= \frac{AF}{4}\bigl(AB + CD + 2\,PQ\bigr) \\ &= \frac{5\sqrt3/2}{4}(11 + 19 + 18) \\ &= 30\sqrt3. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 B

Because ABCD,AB \parallel CD, A+D=180,\angle A + \angle D = 180^\circ, so the bisectors of A\angle A and D\angle D meet at right angles, APD=90.\angle APD = 90^\circ. Then the midpoint MM of AD\overline{AD} is the circumcenter of right triangle APD,APD, giving MP=MA=MD.MP = MA = MD. Thus MPA=PAM=PAB,\angle MPA = \angle PAM = \angle PAB, where the last equality uses the angle bisector at A.A. Therefore MPAB.MP \parallel AB. The same argument gives QNABQN \parallel AB for the midpoint NN of BC.\overline{BC}. Hence M,P,Q,NM, P, Q, N are collinear on the midline.

The midline has length AB+CD2=15,\tfrac{AB + CD}{2} = 15, while MP=AD2=72MP = \tfrac{AD}{2} = \tfrac72 and QN=BC2=52.QN = \tfrac{BC}{2} = \tfrac52. Hence PQ=157252=9.PQ = 15 - \tfrac72 - \tfrac52 = 9.

Drawing AEBCAE \parallel BC with EE on CD\overline{CD} gives AE=5AE = 5 and DE=CDAB=8.DE = CD - AB = 8. In ADE,\triangle ADE, cos(AED)=82+5272285=12,\cos(\angle AED) = \tfrac{8^2 + 5^2 - 7^2}{2 \cdot 8 \cdot 5} = \tfrac12, so AED=60\angle AED = 60^\circ and the trapezoid's height is AF=5sin60=532.AF = 5\sin 60^\circ = \tfrac{5\sqrt3}{2}.

The segment PQPQ sits at half the height, so the hexagon splits into two trapezoids and [ABQCDP]=AF4(AB+CD+2PQ)=53/24(11+19+18)=303. \begin{aligned} &[ABQCDP] \\ &= \frac{AF}{4}\bigl(AB + CD + 2\,PQ\bigr) \\ &= \frac{5\sqrt3/2}{4}(11 + 19 + 18) \\ &= 30\sqrt3. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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